Sociology Exam 2

The information revolution took place in the __________.

1970s

When did "parenting" as a concept emerge in the United States?

1970s

How many children do Americans typically have nowadays?

2

The United States spends about ___% of its total GDP on education

5

There have been _______ presidents who won the popular vote but did not win the election in the US history.

5

Which of the theoretical perspectives would be most concerned with the following statistic? "Even while women are outpacing men in college graduation rates, women still face a pay gap in the workforce."

Feminism

Joshua works as an emergency medicine doctor. He is expected to know about human anatomy, and trauma to the body, which are _________ skills. He is also expected to have a good bedside manner, and be kind to his patients, which are _________ skills.

Hard; Soft

A city library where residents are allowed to check out books for free would be part of the ________ sector.

Public

Durkheim argued that a primary function of religion is to create ______________, which refers to how cooperative the members of a society are for the general well-being of all other members of the society.

Social Cohesion

The industrial revolution was sparked by:

The invention of the first steam-powered engine

The Davis and Moore hypothesis states that:

The most skilled and intelligent people are tracked into the most competitive jobs, and are deserving of their higher prestige and pay.

How did the industrial revolution impact population growth?

The population grew incrementally during the industrial revolution.

Former Vice President Dick Cheney sat on the board of directors of Halliburton, an American oil company. He ensured that regulations on oil rigs were limited. C. Wright Mills would point out that Dick Cheney is a member of:

The power elite

The information revolution birthed a ___________ which quickly replaced the manufacturing base.

Service economy

Most Americans today agree that online dating is a good way to meet people

true

According to official reports, approximately ___% of American children are vulnerable to abuse in the home:

15-20

Currently, about ______ Americans are enrolled in college.

18 MILLION

How many days in school to most American students spend per year?

180

What percent of high school graduates are functionally illiterate?

19%

The vast majority of Americans scored a ___ or lower on the PIAAC numeracy scale.

3

___% of Americans had a bachelor's degree as of 2015.

33%

_____ of Americans attend public school through the twelfth grade.

91%

How did colonial families see children?

As carrying original sin, and in need of strict discipline

_______ have the highest rates of college completion in the United States, as of

Asian Americans

An example of numeracy is:

Being able to calculate a discounted price at a sale

When it comes to literacy rates, the United States ranks ______ in comparison with other developed nations.

Below average

Schools have summers off, which is a tradition that carried over from:

Both A and B

The _____________ theory states that people who live in poverty develop values and behaviors that hinder their ability to achieve upward mobility.

Culture of poverty

__________ generally want to increase taxes on corporations.

Democrats

The ___________ refers to how couples share household chores.

Division of household labor

While the traditional breadwinner-homemaker structure described most families in the past, _______ dominate the family type nowadays.

Dual Income Couples

The basic laws of Israel declare it to be a "Jewish State." This is an example of a

Ecclesia

________ refers to when a company uses labor from a different company, while ________ refers to when a company moves labor to a different country.

Outsourcing; Offshoring

"Free Range Children" refers to:

Parents letting their children spend time outdoors unsupervised

One of the key consequences of the agricultural revolution was that:

People were able to be rooted to one place for longer periods of time.

A computer that is designed to break down every four years is an example of what?

Planned obsolescence

The primary objective of special interest groups is to:

Raise and spend money to influence politicians or public opinion.

Emile Durkheim pointed out that the distinction of the _________ and __________ defines religion in a society.

Sacred; Profane

Sociologist Arlie Hochschild used the term ___________ to describe when working mothers would come home after a full day of work and take on the lion's share of housework and childcare.

Second Shift

Randall Collins's concept of credentialism is best defined by:

A reliance on academic degrees and certificates to determine if a person is qualified for a job

What are the two most significant factors in determining one's likelihood to be irreligious?

Age and education

The ________ revolution took place about 5,000 years ago.

Agricultural

The majority of the population of the United States identify as:

Christian

Kim Jong Eun using murder as a way to keep his citizens afraid of his authority is an example of:

Coercive power

____________ laws require citizens to vote.

Compulsory

Lauren drives a Mercedes Benz, and carries expensive handbags designed by Givenchy to show her peers how successful she is. This is an example of:

Conspicuous consumption

Bowles and Gintis' study ____________ Horace Mann's statement that education is the great equalizer.

Contradicts

Blackstone and Greenleaf find that the primary reason why couples choose to remain childfree is:

Couples' desire to invest time, money, and energy into their relationship

Which measure of divorce uses the number of divorces divided by every 1,000 people in the population?

Crude Divorce Rate

A _________ refers to earning enough money to support a family on one worker's salary.

Family wage

Leila is concerned that her parents expect her to do more housework than her brother, and that she has a much earlier curfew than he does, even though she is much older than him. Which sociological theory would be most appropriate to analyze her situation?

Feminism

Recently, many college graduates are having a hard time finding steady, well-paying benefits, and are piecing together a living by working odd jobs such as driving for Uber or delivering meals through Grubhub . They are working in the:

Gig economy

Part of the reason the United States has such a diverse religious population is because:

Immigrants bring their religions with them

The country with the largest Muslim population in the world is:

Indonesia

When did formal education become institutionalized in the United States?

Industrialization

The __________ refers to the number of babies who die before their first birthday in comparison to the number of babies born in the same year.

Infant mortality rate

The primary goal of education during the colonial period was to:

Instill biblical literacy in students

The fastest growing religion in the world is:

Islam

The 2010 case, Citizens United vs. Federal Elections Committee had which of the following outcomes?

It enabled Political Action Committees to receive unlimited donations

According to the hourglass economy theory, what is happening to the middle class?

It is quickly shrinking

Which theorist would be most interested in how churches operate to garner profit?

Karl Marx

___________ capitalism refers to capitalism with little to no government intervention

Laissez-faire

Typically, school hours coincide with parent work schedules, and as such, schools are a form of childcare for parents. This is a _________ function of schools.

Latent

Which of the following race of women are more likely to be victims of intimate partner violence?

Latina

Automation refers to using __________ instead of humans for labor.

Machines

The socialization of students in schools is a __________ function of schools

Manifest

Prior to the industrial revolution, ____________ contributed to the running of the household.

Men and women

Although school shootings have always in the United States, they have become _____ in recent decades.

More frequent and deadlier

The economy is an institution that organizes a society's production, exchange, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. ________ would be an example of a service being rendered, while _________ would be an example of a good.

Nursing; A sweater

Larry is interested in how families provide emotional and economic support to their children, and how families contribute to society. Which of the following sociological theories is Larry most likely to align with?

Structural functionalism

Joshua is a devout Catholic, and recently had a picture of Mary tattooed on his back to show his devotion to his religious beliefs. Which theoretical framework would be most appropriate to analyze his behavior?

Symbolic interactionism

The self-fulfilling prophecy best fits with which sociological perspective?

Symbolic interactionism

What did Horace Mann mean when he stated that education is the "great equalizer?"

That education helps all people, regardless of their social class background, an opportunity to achieve upward mobility.

Some scholars are concerned that the overrepresentation of female teachers is contributing to the gender gap in college completion. This refers to:

The feminization of education

How are the number of votes in the electoral college calculated?

The total number of congressional representatives plus the number of senators in a state

Generally speaking, as societies tend to become increasingly modern and industrialized, what happens to rates of religious affiliation?

They go down

The Royal Family which has ruled over the United Kingdom for centuries is an example of which form of authority?

Traditional

The Brown v. The Board of Education case decided that segregation in schools was:

Unconstitutional

The majority of American Buddhists identify as which race?

White

Which group is most likely to vote?

Whites; Postcollege graduates

The cult of domesticity expected women to embody which of the following traits?

all of the above

Apple (the company) owns the factories, materials, and controls the labor needed to produce iPhones. Karl Marx would say that Apple owns the: ________.

means of production

Jamila attends a _____________ every Sunday, where he worships alongside 3,500 other congregation members. After services, he enjoys the many amenities the church offers, such as a bowling alley, and tennis courts. Jamila probably attends a(n):

megachurch

Parents who support their children and parents are referred to

sandwich generation