sociology exam 3
Women have been historically underrepresented in medical school classes owing to which of the following? (choose the BEST answer)
Differences in the socialization experiences of boys and girls.
___________________ are a form of managed care health organization, in which employers who purchase group health insurance agree to send their employees to particular hospitals or doctors in return for discounts.
Preferred Provider Organizations (PPOs)
What is the main health care problem in rural areas with respect to equity?
access
What is NOT covered by the Canadian insurance system?
all
What is the role of a managed care organization?
all
Which is NOT a contributor to the increase in health care expenditures in the U.S.?
All
A major barrier to effective communication lies in the differences between physicians and their patients with respect to:
All of the above
Expanding reliance on new technologies has promoted a shift away from ____________, with its focus on the patient's oral account of his or her medical history.
Biographical medicine
The second largest health plan in Mexico, which covers workers in the private sector is administered by the:
Mexican Social Insurance Institute.
Which is NOT a barrier to communication between doctors and patients?
None of the above
What country had the lowest infant mortality rate in the world in 2012?
japan
Japanese patients pay _______ of the cost of health services, with the national plan paying the remainder.
30
Approximately __________ of China's adult male population smoke.
50
The Chinese health care system is best characterized as:
A system financed largely by fees by patients and private payers.
As part of the women's health movement, feminist health organizations have evolved that advocate:
Abortion rights
Which of the following is NOT one of the provisions included in the 2010 U.S. health care reforms?
Businesses with three or more employees are required to provide health insurance for both full-time and part-time employees.
What does DRG stand for?
Diagnostic related groups
________________ are aimed at providing people with welfare and health benefits, regardless of their position in society.
Entitlements
In what way(s) do decentralized national health programs differ from socialized medicine?
Government regulation is indirect.
The ___________________ model arises most often when the patient has an acute, often infectious illness, like the flu or measles.
Guidance-cooperation
The relevance of the ______________ model for understanding doctor-patient relations is the view of the interaction as a process of negotiation, rather than the physician simply giving orders and the patient following them in an automatic, unquestioning manner.
Hayes-Bautista
_________________ are solo practitioners or small groups of physicians who contract independently with HMOs to provide care to patients enrolled in their plans.
Individual Practice Associations
The medical profession in the United States has had a consistent record of ____________ to social legislation.
Resistance
____________________ take(s) the position that the seriousness of the patient's symptoms is the determining factor in doctor-patient interaction.
Szasz and Hollender.
_________________ is the notion that, since the work of the physician is for the good of the patient, physicians tend to impute illness to their patients rather than to deny it and risk overlooking or missing it.
The medical decision rule.
One example of male physician misperceptions about female patients is a tendency to misdiagnose heart attacks as anxiety problems.
True
The laws of a competitive marketplace do not apply well to medicine, because physicians define what patients need and provide their services at prices they, their employers, or the federal government set.
True
Medical specialties like ____________ became increasingly popular in recent years.
all
Women in the U.S. live longer than women in Estonia
false
____________ has more doctors per capita than any major nation.
russia
