Sociology Final

How does the U.S. Census Bureau define "family"?

two or more individuals related by blood, marriage, or adoption who share a household

The 2000 Census was the first time that Americans were allowed to ________ when identifying their race.

Check more than one box

Researchers usually transcribe responses after they conduct a series of interviews. The transcription process is fairly time-consuming, but it is valuable, in part, because it allows researchers to

Look for patterns in their data

What is one common reason why victims of domestic abuse stay in abusive relationships?

They do not have the resources to get away.

Today, who do average americans have in mind when they think of their families?

A brother or sister

A person is MOST likely to be murdered by

A family member

What metaphor best describes cultures that have embraced multiculturalism and pluralism?

A salad bowl

Which of the following is an example of resocialization?

A woman relearning basic skills after a car accident

Why is it important to address that approximately 75 percent of patients die in settings like hospitals instead of at home?

It shows how death has been medicalized.

What sort of laws prohibited the mixing of racial groups through marriage, cohabitation, or sexual contact?

Jim Crowe

Kea tries to take good care of herself. She works out regularly, gets plenty of rest, and eats well. Her approach to health is MOST closely aligned with

Lifestyle medicine

In the early 1900s, more than half of American women gave birth at home. Today, around 99 percent of all births take place in hospitals. This is an example of

Medicalization

Obesity is now often treated with surgery. Previously, weight loss was not usually considered a medical problem that could be addressed through surgery. This is evidence of

Medicalization and the social construction of healthy and illness

Which of the following statements about the process of socialization is true?

Society shapes the individual and the individual shapes society

When does gender role socialization begin?

before birth

Which of the following phenomena is a reason why group efficiency declines as a groups increase in size?

Social Loafing

Sid feels horrible. He goes to his doctor, who tells Sid he has a bad cold and should feel better soon. How would Sid's illness be classified?

Acute

How does a person come to possess an achieved status?

An achieved status is earned

Why are doctors and parents so quick to seek a surgical "fix" for babies who are born intersex?

An ambiguously sexed person seems threatening and disturbing in Western society

Lili is conducting a sociological research study on the underground music scene. She has just finished collecting data for the study. What is the next step Lili should take in the scientific method?

Analyze data

In his book Streetwise, Elijah Anderson argues that young African American men are more likely to be arrested because they

Are perceived as more criminal than others

What is a political system called that denies ordinary people participation or representation in their government?

Authoritarian

A woman is married to another woman. She is attracted to her wife but she is also attracted to men. In the past she has dated both women and men. How would this woman MOST likely identify?

Bisexual

Which of the following is an example of how teachers treat boys and girls differently in a classroom setting?

Boys are more likely than girls to be punished for misbehaving

Max Weber believed that modern industrialized societies were characterized by which of the following institutions?

Bureaucracies

In the past, bank tellers were overwhelmingly male, but today they are mostly female. What could explain this shift?

Changes in technology made the work easier and less important, which drove down the wages and prestige accorded to the job.

Critical race theory is associated with which of the major theoretical perspectives or schools of thought in sociology?

Conflict Theory

Karen thinks that religion is used by powerful people and institutions to control the public. What perspective best describes Karen's views?

Conflict theory

The ________ approach to addiction posits that people of lower socioeconomic status are more likely to be scrutinized as problem drinkers or drug addicts.

Conflict theory

When Patti Sue took a world tour, she had lunch at McDonald's in Tokyo, ate dinner at the Hard Rock Cafe in Hong Kong, purchased clothes at Macy's in London, and was entertained at a Disney show in Paris. This homogenization of cultures around the world is called

Cultural Leveling

What is it called when members of a minority group learn the cultural practices of the dominant group?

Cultural assimilation

Because of their economic strength, Western companies are powerful enough to impose their products on markets worldwide. This phenomenon is known as

Cultural imperialism

In 2010, President Obama signed the Affordable Care Act (ACA) into law. Fox News and CNN presented vastly different viewpoints of the ACA, appealing to either conservative or liberal viewers, respectively. The media's handling of this law is an example of

Culture wars

Almost any ________ can have a stigmatizing effect, including a physical disability or a battle with addiction or mental illness.

Departure from the norm

What is it called when a government bars an individual, either temporarily or permanently, from voting?

Disenfranchisement

What does a sociological perspective tell us about education in the United States?

Educational success often has as much to do with social stratification as it does with individual ability.

The tendency to use your own group's way of doing things as the yardstick for judging others is called

Ethnocenterism

What do sociologists call the tendency to marry someone from a different background?

Exogamy

why does the family have such a powerful impact as an agent of socialization?

Family begins the socialization process before there are other competing influences

What uses an inductive method that involves collecting data and then generating theory by looking for relationships among categories?

Grounded theory

Which of the following factors makes someone MOST likely to drop out of high school?

Having a non-english-speaking background

What do sociologists call it when an African American individual is told he or she is not really "black enough"?

Identity challenge

The ________ of white supremacy in the United States was a system of beliefs and attitudes that maintained the status quo of racism.

Ideology

Regardless of their various approaches to social phenomena, what are all sociologists trying to do?

Illuminate the connection between the individual and society

Critical race theory explores the relationship among race and what two other concepts?

Individual discrimination and institutional discrimination

How do sociologists distinguish a group from a crowd?

Individuals associated with a group feel a shared identity.

What is the strongest type of conformity that can occur as a result of social influence or peer pressure?

Internalization

Which of the following is one of the basic principles of social stratification?

It is maintained through beliefs that are widely shared in a society.

Durkheim theorized that the rapidly changing conditions of modern life lead to anomie. What is anomie?

Normlessness or a loss of connections to the social world

A heterosexual couple living in the same household and raising children is defined as a(n) ________ family.

Nuclear

What type of care are we practicing when we focus on making a person comfortable at the end of life?

Palliative

An individual who works at a bookstore routinely takes home ballpoint pens and Post-it notes, uses the copy machine to make personal copies, and makes long-distance phone calls on the store's line. However, he would never consider stealing money from the cash register, even if he knew he could get away with it. What is this behavior called?

Pilfering

Societies that encourage racial and ethnic diversity have embraced the value of

Pluralism

Organizations designed to raise money to support the interests of a particular group are called

Political action committees

Why do politics, education, and religion all appear in the same chapter of your text?

Political, religious, and educational concerns often overlap in everyday life.

What is a sociologist's theoretical perspective if he or she argues we have seen the "dissolution of master narratives or metanarratives"?

Postmodernism

Robert is walking down the street late at night when a man in a ski mask suddenly sticks a gun in his face and takes his wallet. Sociologists would say that Robert's mugger had ________ but not ________.

Power; authority

What kind of research are you doing if you observe a group in order to determine its norms, values, rules, and meanings?

Qualitative

A young man is told by his friends that in bars he should drink beer while buying women shots in the hopes of getting the women very drunk and increasing his chance of having sex with them. He tells his friends that they are encouraging

Rape Culture

The practice of refusing mortgages for houses in poor and minority neighborhoods is called

Redlining

After the Civil War, most southern states passed laws that barred African Americans and whites from sharing most kinds of public facilities. This is an example of

Segregation

How do most sociologists differentiate between sex and gender?

Sex is biological; gender is social

What does Jean Baudrillard call an image in the media that people can no longer distinguish from the reality that it is supposed to represent?

Simulacrum

Short sentences or phrases on a political subject, designed to be catchy and memorable but not necessarily to convey much info

Sounbites

In all probability, the sociology professor who is giving this test would be totally unable to grade a test given in the chemistry department. What aspect of bureaucracy does this illustrate?

Specilization

In the ________ approach to addiction, people who become addicted may be responding to strains in the social system and their own lives by escaping through drugs and alcohol.

Structural functionalist

What is one of the principal reasons people turn to deviant behavior in the United States according to the structural strain theory of deviance as articulated by Robert Merton?

The goal of success is shared by a majority of people, but not everyone has equal means for achieving that goal.

Sociologist have noted that the informal teaching practices and power relationships by which schools operate produce a disconnect between democratic values and what actually goes on in schools. About what concept are such arguments referring?

The hidden curriculum

What are the parts of the mind according to Sigmund Freud's theoretical perspective?

The id, the ego, and the superego

The fact that school schedules are organized around Christmas is evidence

The majority of Americans celebrate Christmas

The majority of appointed U.S. Treasury secretaries have been either former partners or managers of Goldman Sachs, a global investment management firm. Sociologists would argue that this overlap between private business and the federal government is an example of

The power elite

Which of the following seems to make people, in general, more likely to define a group as a family?

The socioeconomic class of the people involved

Why are respondents often more comfortable addressing sensitive subjects on surveys than in other research contexts?

They can answer in private and are usually assured of anonymity.

In the past, most voters formed political opinions by listening to speeches, meeting with representatives of political parties, or attending town hall meetings. How do voters today tend to learn about political issues?

Through human interest stories in the media

According to Max Weber's typology of power, what type of authority does a king wield?

Traditional authority

Which of the following would sociologists consider the best definition of deviance?

Violations of social norms

Why might expressions given off seem like more trustworthy guides than expressions given when we try to understand how other people define a situation?

We tend to believe that it is harder to manipulate expressions given off.

Most young people face similar financial pressures while in their twenties, but considerably more men move back in with their parents than women. What is one reason for this?

Women lose more independence when they move back home than men do.

Jane addams was an early advocate of applied sociology. This means she did not just do research but that she also

addressed social problems through hands on activity in the communities she researched

In 2008, the Obama family's search for a church to attend in Washington, D.C., was big news. A sociological analysis of the national curiosity about the president's church might argue that

being a Christian is an unofficial requirement for the presidency.

What is the goal of affirmative action?

increase diversity