Sociology Final pt.1, Sociology Final pt.2, Sociology Final pt.3, Sociology Final pt.4
Alona is examining the impact of the 2011 Penn State scandal on student morale and school spirit by distributing number-scaled surveys in her Introduction to Sociology class. Alona is employing a _____ research method.
Quantitative
With the recent Occupy Wall Street Movement, the people of the United States keep hearing about the top 1%. How much of the United State's wealth rests in the hands of the wealthiest top 1% of people?
a. 1/3
The term crime can be defined as:
a. A behavior that violates official law and is punishable through formal sanctions.
The United States Government is a form of:
a. A bureaucracy
Mohit spent his days combing through garbage in Mumbai, India with his brothers and sisters. Sometimes he would find food, or something to sell for money. He never tried to overcome his lower-class status because he had seen his friends try and fail. So, he accepted his fate, and tried to live life as best he could in a closed society. Mohit is an example of someone living under:
a. A caste system
When Jeanette's parents find out her twin brother, Rex, has been sexually active, they tell him to use protection. When they found out Jeanette has been sexually active, they ground her for a month. This is an example of:
a. A double standard
Which of the following best defines the term commodity?
a. A physical object we find, grow, or make to meet our needs and those of others.
What is the difference between a primary group and a secondary group?
a. A primary group is small, consisting of emotional face-to-face relationships; a secondary group is larger and impersonal.
What is the Kinsey Scale?
a. A six-point rating system that ranges from exclusively heterosexual to exclusively homosexual orientation.
Some believe that religion is important because it adds meaning to people's lives and provides answers to difficult questions. A sociologist following which theory would agree with this statement?
a. A structural functionalist
During the Medieval Age monks would lock themselves inside a monastery in order to devote their lives to prayer. A sociologist in the 21st century would look at this cultural phenomenon and label it:
a. A total institution
The concept hidden curriculum can be defined as:
a. A type of nonacademic knowledge that one learns through informal learning and cultural transmission.
The term xenophobia can best be defined as:
a. An illogical fear and even hatred of foreigners and foreign goods.
In 1999, Sean Fanning, John Fanning, and Sean Parker invented Napster, a global, free-of-charge, peer-to-peer music sharing program. Prior to Napster, no such program existed. The three men created _____.
a. An innovation
Which of the following men coined the term positivism, and is widely considered the father of sociology?
a. Auguste Comte
In the 2010 film, The Social Network, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg was portrayed as a leader who was goal-oriented, issuing orders and assigning tasks. Which of the following leadership styles did Zuckerberg likely use?
a. Authoritarian
Bill wants to increase his herd of cattle on his farm. Right now, he his herd numbers around 100, and he has 100 acres of his farm set aside for their pasture. What would a sociologist suggest so that his farm, which feeds many in his town and county, can continue to function?
a. Bill should examine the carrying capacity of his lands and consider setting aside more land if he wants to increase his herd.
Whose study described the differences in the way that boys and girls view morality?
a. Carol Gilligan
Hitler was an example of what kind of authority?
a. Charismatic
What is the relationship, if any, between people who cohabitate and then get married, and those people who wait to live together after they marry?
a. Cohabitating, unmarried partners have a slightly higher divorce rate after they get married than those who don't cohabitate until after marriage.
In recent times, scholars have been trying to sort out why the countries on the continent of Africa, as a whole, have trouble competing to today's global, capitalist economy. While an answer to this question is complex and carries with it many ambiguities, most scholars point to European colonialism as a key to understanding the current state of Africa. A sociologist studying this topic, would ascribe to which theoretical paradigm?
a. Conflict theory
Shane believes that the commodification of health has created a large number of problems within the United States. From which sociological perspective does this come from?
a. Conflict theory
When thinking about gender, Jeff sees men as the dominant social group and women the subordinate group. This exploitation of the subordinate group has created social problems, such as high rates of poverty among single mothers. Which sociological perspective best fit Jeff's views?
a. Conflict theory
Which sociological theory would agree with the following statement: "Deviance is defined by the powerful, and the behaviors of the less powerful are more likely to be criminalized than the behaviors of the powerful"?
a. Conflict theory
Society and culture _____.
a. Could not exist without each other
Ally's father was sent to prison when she was 12 for the trafficking of narcotics; her brother was arrested when she was 13 for possession of methamphetamines. By the age of 18, Ally has been arrested three times for possession of marijuana. Which theory best describes Ally's experience?
a. Differential association theory
Angela's mother says to her, "I don't want you to hang around with Melissa. She's going to be a bad influence on you." The mother may not know it, but she's subscribing to which theory?
a. Differential association theory
Why has e-waste become an issue, especially in the 21st century?
a. E-waste not only contains harmful chemicals, but electronics become obsolete every six months or so, which means, every six months people are throwing away perfectly good electronics in order to get the newest one. This has led to an enormous increase in the amount of trash people produce.
Quincia is studying how of the lack of comprehensive sex education is affecting a small, rural town in North Dakota. She spends two months in the town, observing and interviewing the townspeople. Quincia is conducting a(n) _____.
a. Ethnography
Why do sociologists find the study of family to be so important when trying to grasp the mores and norms of a culture?
a. Families provide for each other as well as carry out and teach a particular culture to other members of the family.
If you consider the University of Virginia's National Marriage Project, what can be concluded from their study?
a. Finances are an important foundation for a successful marriage.
Which of the following is an example of convergence theory in action?
a. Germany rebuilt its economy after World War II, creating more job opportunities and prosperity for its citizens.
Which number does the World Bank use to determine the status and classification of each nation?
a. Gross National Income
Obesity is rising at the fastest rate in which of the following countries?
a. High income
Qualitative sociology can be defined as:
a. In-depth interviews, focus groups, and/or analysis of content sources as the source of its data
Which factor is considered when evaluating someone's standard of living?
a. Income b. Employment c. Class D. All Of The Above
Émile Durkheim's much lauded study of suicide is important to the field of sociology in many ways. One of the most influential impacts was:
a. It defined the differences between sociology and psychology
What is the importance of interpretive framework?
a. It leads to in-depth knowledge of a participant's social world.
Education is important to society because:
a. It teaches children facts about the world in which they live. b. It teaches children how to interact with their peers and helps them to gain social graces. c. It teaches children how to react to authority and how to behave in group and one-on-one situations D. All Of The Above.
Which is one reason that sociologist cite to explain why men and women are delaying marriage until their mid-to-late twenties?
a. Many young people place education and career higher than marriage on their list of priorities.
Which of the following is an example of a learned custom?
a. Marrying for love b. Shoving and pushing on the metro c. Greeting an acquaintance with a handshake D. All Of The Above
Which court case set the precedent for access to education within the United States for students with disabilities?
a. Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia
Functionalist Émile Durkheim believed some deviance within society was:
a. Necessary; it challenged people's views.
What have sociologists begun to realize about the nomadic lifestyle?
a. Nomads have a hard time bridging the gap between their traditional lifestyle and doing what is best for the land.
Many Americans pay for haircuts, trips to the dentist, or transportation on the metro and bus systems. These actions support the notion of capitalism, an example of _____.
a. Non-material culture
Jin is a conflict theorist sociologist. Which of the following statements about Occupy Wall Street would most align with Jin's sociological perspective?
a. Occupy Wall Street is positive; our capitalist economy is only making social inequality grow larger.
Keshawn used to work for an IT company in Baltimore, but lost his job when his company decided to use workers in New Delhi instead. This is an example of:
a. Outsourcing
A paradigm can be defined as:
a. Philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them
Which of the following contributes to the myths surrounding male and female learning abilities in the classroom?
a. Praising males for right answers more often than praising females. b. Giving males more opportunity to expand on their ideas. c. Placing males and females in competition with each other. D. All Of The Above
Roberto has just moved to a new city. He does not know anyone but he wants to find a mosque where he can practice Islam. Which theory will Roberto use, either consciously or subconsciously, to make a decision?
a. Rational Choice Theory
Which two words did Émile Durkheim use to distinguish between religious objects and non-religious objects?
a. Sacred; profane
When a sociologist says that she used a cohort study to gather and analyze her data, what does she mean?
a. She took a large number of subjects and collected a large amount of data which she broke down into measurable and consistent groups as a way to make the facts clearer to her audience.
During her first day of kindergarten, Marie does not understand how the lunch line in the cafeteria works. She hesitates and watches as the older kids pick up their trays and silverware and then get in line. She follows their lead and successfully buys herself lunch. Marie's experience in the lunchroom is an example of _____.
a. Socialization
Drake lives in Great Britain, where the British government owns and operates the country's health care system. This is an example of ____:
a. Socialized medicine
Joseph and Paula are excited to welcome their child into the world. They cannot wait to pass on all their knowledge, insight, and rich culture. Just as their parents gave them guidance and showed them how to live, Joseph and Paula will continue the chain by handing down their societal values and thus, sustain the society they love so much. Which sociological paradigm does this story fit?
a. Structural Functionalism
Which sociological theory would agree with the following statement: "Deviance helps society clarify moral boundaries and promotes social cohesion"?
a. Structural functionalism
A sociologist is studying how the population of certain countries influences and affects the population and environment of other neighboring countries. This sociologist is most likely a:
a. Structural functionalist
Kara has behavioral problems as a young child. As she goes through school, she is labeled "troubled," and told she will never amount to anything. Kara, though intelligent, decides to "live down" to this expectation. Which sociological perspective would be most interested in studying Kara's experience?
a. Symbolic interactionism
Which of the following is an example of an informal sanction?
a. The football team throwing a slushy in Finn's face because he tried to join the Glee club.
The McDonalidization of Society refers to:
a. The increasing presence of the fast-food business model in common social institutions.
Which of the following is an example of polarization?
a. The job market is increasing in the lowest economic levels, and is increasing in the highest economic levels.
Bobby came home from school crying because the other kids in his class were calling him stupid. His mother tried to console him, but he really started to believe that he was stupid. Charles Cooley would say that this is a classic example of _______.
a. The looking-glass self
If we consider the concentric zone model, which is a conflict theorist's critique?
a. The model fails to show the gentrification of neighborhoods as certain classes start to take over cities.
Which of the following best defines the concept of "The Sick Role"?
a. The pattern of expectations that define appropriate behavior for the sick and for those who take care of them
Katrina, age 5, and Sharon, age 4, love to play together while their mothers chat. Katrina has a toy iron and washing machine. She and Sharon spend hours "washing" and "ironing" her baby doll's clothes, just like they see their mothers do. Which of George Herbert Mead's stages of development are Katrina and Sharon exemplifying?
a. The preparatory stage
The transition from college life to work life can be quite difficult for many young adults in the United States. Which is a possible cause for this struggle?
a. The status quo has been maintained for a substantial period of time, and now the economy and government are undergoing significant changes. b. Many young people are in the same situation, so drawing expertise or knowledge from their experiences from peers is difficult. c. Finding a job, renting an apartment, and being independent is a daunting task that seems insurmountable. D. All Of The Above.
What is one of the biggest challenges facing groups and organizations that try to prevent intimate partner violence (IPV)?
a. The victims of IPV do not report the abuse.
Which factors do sociologists suspect were the cause for such a high divorce rate during the 1960's?
a. There was an increase in women working outside of the home, and also, greater social acceptance of divorce.
What is the purpose of queer theory?
a. To question the ways society perceives and experiences sex, gender, and sexuality.
Chase grew up wanting to wear his sister's dresses over his brother's pants and button up shirts. When Chase turns 18, he decides to begin living as woman, though he's still only sexually attracted to women. He decides he doesn't want to undergo surgery. Chase is:
a. Transgender
True or false: A person's sex, as determined by his or her biology, does not always correspond with his or her gender.
a. True
Maria babysits as a form of income while she is in college. Because the amounts she gets per job are not huge, Maria never bothers to report her earnings to the IRS. Maria is a part of the _____________.
a. Underground economy
Since the social classes in the United States do not have any clear boundaries, how is a sociologist supposed to determine whether their subjects are in the upper class or the upper-middle class?
a. Upper class is often defined as having control over one's life and the lives of people around you, while the upper-middle class is often defined as having control only over one's own life.
Which statement explains why Immanuel Wallerstein's classification is preferred by sociologist?
a. Wallerstein's classification uses neutral terms that allow his classification of nations to be less biased and appear less ethnocentric
A man is riding on a bus when suddenly, for no reason, he stands up and yells, "FIRE! FIRE!" There is clearly no fire, and people are really irritated at the delay this causes. His behavior was:
a. deviance
Which is an effect of absolute poverty that also contributes to its cyclical nature?
a. lack of education
The term values can be defined as:
b. A culture's standard for discerning what's good and just in society.
In an effort to control a total institution, and to create a community of sameness, inmates are forced to strip down, be searched by police officers, and given identical uniforms before entering prison. This is an example of _______.
b. A degradation ceremony
What is the Head Start Program?
b. A federal program that provides academically focused preschool to students of low socioeconomic status.
A cultural universal is:
b. A pattern or trait common to all societies
The term language can be defined as:
b. A symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted.
The term deviance can be defined as:
b. A violation of established contextual, cultural, or social norms, whether folkways, mores, or codified law.
Which of the following is not an example of underemployment?
b. After his wife gave birth to twins, Jerry quit his job to help raise them.
Which of the following is an example of a negative informal sanction?
b. Beatrix being booed off stage after telling an offensive joke during her comedy routine
Some sociologists have pointed out that gender roles are often determined by how a society socializes young boys and girls. Which of the following is an example of socializing a child into a gender role?
b. Buying Sarah a toy kitchen to play with.
Miguel is doing a research paper on New York City's Stone Wall riots of 1969. He visits the scene of the riots, interviews people who were there, reads the police reports of the event, and watches video footage. Miguel is conducting a(n) ______.
b. Case study
What is one of the largest contributors to health problems in low-income countries?
b. Clean water access
Mark, whose parents are wealthy, has been socialized to believe that he can be whoever he wants to be. His best friend Matt, whose parents are blue-collar workers, has been socialized to believe that hard work and following instructions is all he needs to support himself. Which sociological paradigm does this story fit?
b. Conflict
Jeremy wrote an essay criticizing the college admissions process, arguing that heavy competition and limited educational resources make admission difficult for the average student. Which perspective would Jeremy's argument fall under?
b. Conflict Theory
Which of the following sociological perspectives argues that the educational system reinforces and perpetuates social inequalities arising from differences in class, gender, race and ethnicity?
b. Conflict theory
Melissa has been working to develop drought-resistance seeds that require little water to grow and which produce grain. She wants to send these to arid parts of the world, where conventional grain is not easy (or even impossible) to grow to improve nutrition for the people in those countries. In sociological terms, Melissa most likely ascribes to:
b. Cornucopian theory
Bernie Madoff, recently sentenced to 150 years in prison for creating a ponzi scheme which caused clients to lose millions of dollars, engaged in which form of crime?
b. Corporate crime
Malik grew up in an affluent household which embraced activities such as attending the opera, visiting museums, and traveling to foreign countries at least once a year. When Malik goes to college, he finds he has much to talk about with professors, and fellow students from similar backgrounds. Malik is enjoying the benefits of:
b. Cultural capital
Kurt and Mitch visit an Amish village on a class trip. "Let's see if we can round up some old radios and appliances and drop them off for them later this week. I think they'll appreciate it. They just don't understand what they're missing." Mitch rolls his eyes. Kurt's perspective is an example of _______.
b. Cultural imperialism
Angelica visits Thailand with her family. When she wears short-shorts and tank tops while visiting a series of temples during her first week, she is met with hostility from the locals. She feels she no longer knows how to behave or interact with those outside her family. Angelica is experiencing _____.
b. Culture shock
True or False: Deviance is always considered a crime?
b. False
What is the first agent of socialization?
b. Family
Which of the following does NOT account for the differences in the educational system from country to country?
b. Geographic distribution of male and female students
Many of the world's most powerful corporations have headquarters in New York City, which hosts endless influential events, and offers an advanced transportation infrastructure. New York City is a ______ city.
b. Global
Apple computers ship their computer parts to India to be made, and station their tech support in India. This is an example of a:
b. Global assembly line
What was the significance of NAFTA?
b. It allowed freer trade opportunities for the United States, Canada, and Mexico.
The U.S. Census Bureau keeps records of different statistics that pertain to families. For example, in 2010, there were three million children who did not live with their parents. 54% of these children were:
b. Living with their grandparent(s)
Eleanor is researching the effect social media has on worldwide political awareness and revolution. Felix is examining the effect World of Warcraft has on the romantic relationships of middle-aged men in his metro area. Eleanor's analysis is _____, while Felix's analysis is _____.
b. Macro-level; micro-level
Alex's country was once communist, but now allows limited private ownership of companies, and lets market forces determine production and pricing decisions. What kinds of economy is Alex living in?
b. Market Socialist
Which of the following is an example of legitimation?
b. Marley's doctor diagnosing him with bronchitis
Which of the following is an example of an in-group/out-group dynamic:
b. Members of sorority Delta Delta Delta advise their pledges not to socialize with members of pledges of rival sorority Sigma Delta Theta.
What is the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) and marriage?
b. Men and women who are married experience less abuse, than those who are separated or cohabitating.
If you work with children, why is it important to be ever vigilant for any signs of child abuse?
b. Most reports of child abuse come from non-relative adults who interact with the child.
What do the modern studies and projects of population suggest about the future population of the planet?
b. People are having more children and the population is growing exponentially.
Peter finds that he always reacts differently to correction from his father than from his mother. What might a symbolic interactionist studying families make of this situation?
b. Peter plays different roles with his father and mother.
Sanchita worships three different and separate gods. Her religion falls into which category?
b. Polytheism
MTV's widely-watched TV series The Jersey Shore is an example of _____, while the obscure works of playwright Sam Shepard are an example of ______.
b. Popular culture; high culture
The United States healthcare system consists of:
b. Public and private insurance coverage
By 2009, America had suffered several consecutive quarters of economic decline. America was in the midst of a:
b. Recession
When Michael starts high school, he joins the basketball team. He begins to look to his teammate friends for cues on how to behave at dances, in the hallways, and even in the classroom. Michael's basketball team is serving as Michael's _____.
b. Reference group
Which position describes Karl Marx's view of religion and society?
b. Religion simply kept the Proletariat in their low social class.
Peggy accepts a job offer as an advertising copywriter. Her boss immediately assigns her campaigns for products such as makeup and cleaning products. Peggy asks for different clients, but her boss tells her she should stick to what she and "her kind" know best. Peggy is experiencing :
b. Sexism
One main issue in studying global social inequality is:
b. Social inequality is relative and therefore, difficult to compare across cultures
Family is a term that is difficult to define. When studying sociology it is important to remember that:
b. Sociologists try to keep the definition open to encompass all types of people who are emotionally close to each other.
Which sociological pioneer performed an experiment in which he showed a group of participants a paper with three lines on it, all varying in length, and asked them to compare the lines?
b. Solomon Asch Correct
Sheryl was diagnosed with bipolarity when she was a teenager. She's hesitant to tell her friends, and tries her best to hide her diagnosis from her coaches, teachers, and employers, since she's seen other people with the illness be discriminated against on account of it. Bipolarity is an example of a(n):
b. Stigmatized illness
Tasha believes that gender is about the division of labor in the family. In the pre-industrial era, men were the hunter-gatherers and bread-winners, and women were keepers of the home. After World War II, changes in the family structure allowed women to become breadwinners also, altering the roles of the family. From what sociological perspective do Tasha's thoughts come?
b. Structural functionalism
In which country is sex education required in public schools?
b. Sweden
Sociology is defined as the:
b. Systematic study of society and social interaction
When Kevin backpacks across Europe after his high school graduation, he is surprised to find Burger Kings, H&Ms, and even Wal-Mart stores in the foreign cities. This is an example of:
b. The McDonaldization of Society
Which is an aspect of city life that might catch a human ecologist's attention?
b. The decision to make sidewalks narrower so that a city road can provide on-street parking.
Solomon Asch concluded that one reason people conform to a group is because they believe:
b. The group is better informed than they are.
Which of the following is not a branch of the U.S. Criminal Justice System?
b. The jury
Which of the following is NOT an example of a sociological hypothesis?
b. The more CDs Jamilla buys, the less money she has in her bank account
What is one reason unemployment statistics are unreliable?
b. The statistics include only those who are currently looking for work.
Parents often socialize their children to:
b. Understand and follow the same norms that they themselves follow
What is one way the people of the United States, and the world, are reaching and abusing the Earth's carrying capacity?
b. We show little concern about contaminating water with our garbage and waste.
The term doing gender can be defined as:
b. When people perform tasks based upon the gender assigned to them by society and, in turn, themselves.
As of 2008, how many adults in the United States are in jail or prison?
c. 1 in 100
What has been the main factor that has aided the financial situations of many countries in Latin America?
c. A greater emphasis on educating young people
The term sexual orientation can be defined as:
c. A person's emotional and sexual attraction to a particular sex.
88 million people live on less than $1.00 a day. These people are said to be living in _____________.
c. Absolute poverty
Strain theory:
c. Addresses the relationship between having socially acceptable goals and having socially acceptable means to reach those goals
In the United States, where outsourcing is almost always addressed negatively, companies still get away with outsourcing. How do they do this?
c. Americans want lower prices for their consumable products, and the only way for companies to deliver those low prices is to outsource the work to cheaper laborers.
The term mercantilism can best be defined as:
c. An economic policy based on national policies of accumulating silver and gold by controlling markets with colonies and other countries through taxes and customs charges.
Sumaira is scared that she will not find a job in the current economy. She decides to be a business major and attend one of the top business schools in the country. Upon graduation, she is hired by a major investment banking firm in New York. Sumaira has completed:
c. Anticipatory socialization
Kellan wants to shop at Express for the new school year, but because all of his friends shop at Pacific Sun, Kellan does as well. Kellan's behavior is an example of:
c. Conformity
Queen Noor of Jordan is a leader of which form of government?
c. Constitutional monarchy
In the late 2000's, Ugg Boots became a major fashion fixture, sported by everyone from celebrities to college students. The Ugg boots craze is an example of a _____ trend within the United States.
c. Cultural
Which of the following was not among the United Nations eight Millennium Development Goals set in 2000?
c. Decrease obesity
Passing on one's heritage, possessions, and wealth is:
c. Generally based on lineage, which is defined by one's culture and family.
Your best friend Sky is hoping to start a new city on an island in the Pacific. Which sociologist would you suggest she read first, before setting out?
c. Gideon Sjoberg
How is global stratification different from social stratification?
c. Global stratification examines a myriad of different types of prejudice and inequality, while social stratification covers the social class and standing of individuals.
Which of the following is NOT a result of the commodification of health care?
c. HIV spreading across the United States at a rapid rate in the 1980's
Which of the following is an example of cultural relativisim?
c. Helena putting aside her vegetarianism to eat meals with the local tribe she is studying
When Wendy's sorority sisters discover that Wendy is a lesbian, they hold a secret meeting to decide if Wendy should still be allowed to pledge. A handful of the sisters vote "no." This is an example of:
c. Homophobia
According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, when do humans begin to think about the feelings of other people and begin to see the world through other people's eyes?
c. In their teenage years
Which of the following is an example of a cultural universal?
c. Incest taboos
Charlotte was born to a lower class family in rural Pennsylvania. After taking a job in the mail room of a large corporate office, Charlotte is slowly promoted through the ranks and becomes CEO of the company by the age of 50. What type of stratification is shown in this story?
c. Intragenerational mobility
An instrumental leader:
c. Is goal-oriented and largely concerned with accomplishing set tasks.
Christine is president of her Improvisation Comedy Troupe. When making decisions about booking gigs, rehearsal spaces, and call-times, Christine leaves the troupe to decide for themselves. Christine is a(n) _____ leader.
c. Laissez-faire
Which of the following contributes lower percentage of voter turnout from those who come from lower socioeconomic backgrounds?
c. Lower-paying jobs frequently have less flexible hours, making time to vote difficult.
Marcy and her three children have been trying to scrape by ever since Marcy's husband was killed in an automobile accident. Given what you know about George Murdock's theory, what would you expect to happen to this family?
c. Marcy would go back to work and rely on her parents for childcare.
Which trend has the World Bank seen in its study of poverty in low-income nations?
c. More women live in poverty than men.
It is parent-teacher conference day at Littleton Elementary School. Jimmy's teacher is anxious to meet his parents and discuss his habit of disrupting the class. When the teacher expresses her concern that Jimmy is not being socialized properly, his dad insists that he was the same way at Jimmy's age and that disrupting the class is natural for the children in his family. Jimmy's teacher and father are arguing about which fundamental sociological theory?
c. Nature vs. Nurture
Which of the following is an example of an unethical sociological research practice?
c. Observing study participants without their consent
Jake receives a promotion at his law firm after winning an important case. This is an example of a:
c. Positive formal sanction
Which of the following is not a step in the scientific method?
c. Receive corroboration from the field
Sherry is in her mid-eighties and is moving to a nursing home. She is used to getting up at 5 o'clock each morning and making breakfast for herself. Her new roommate likes to sleep until 7 o'clock and breakfast is not served at the nursing home until 8 o'clock. What is Sherry most likely to experience through this transition?
c. Resocialization
Janet is visiting her childhood friend in the Hamptons. Janet wears ripped jeans and Chuck Taylors to an infamous "White" party. The majority of party-goers refuse to socialize with her. Janet is experiencing a form of ____.
c. Social control
Jenny is given a doll for 2nd birthday, while her brother, Tyrone, is given a fire truck. This is an example of gender:
c. Socialization
Corporal Punishment is another way of saying:
c. Spanking
_____ view society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of individuals who make up that society.
c. Structural Functionalists
In the early 2000's, The L Word and Queer as Folk debuted on Showtime. Both shows depicted the lives of members of the LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) community, thus giving viewers a glimpse into a ______.
c. Subculture
Baby Marla is always well dressed. She has ribbons, bows, and frills all over her dresses and even in her hair. Her mother, who is worried that people might mistake Marla for a little boy, is determined to communicate to t
c. Symbolic Interactionism
You are interested, like Durkheim, in how ordinary objects become sacred. Which theoretical approach will help you most in analyzing the data you collect?
c. Symbolic interactionism
After weeks of protest in Zuccotti Park, NYC's "Occupy Wall Street" divided into two camps: one composed of higher income protestors, and one composed of lower-income protesters. A ______ would be most interested in the relationship and nature of day-to-day exchanges between the two groups.
c. Symbolic interactionist
What sociologist pioneered the concept of "The Sick Role"?
c. Talcott Parsons
The Davis-Moore Thesis states:
c. That the more society values a particular profession, the more the people in that profession will make.
During what time period did economies begin to develop globally?
c. The Agricultural Revolution
Some people may think that once you've studied one city, you've studied them all. Which is an example of why these people may be misinformed?
c. The banlieues, or suburbs, of Paris are the bad parts of town, almost inside-out compared to Baltimore.
In which part of the family life cycle, do sociologists point to as the most stressful time for a marriage?
c. The birth of the first child.
Which of the following is an example of a counterculture?
c. The hippie movement of the 1960's
Which of the following is not a purpose of the American Sociological Association's code of ethics?
c. To ensure the financial gain of the researchers
Taylor works as a legal assistant. His insurance doesn't cover treatment for depression, and he spends 15% of his income each month to receive care. This is an example of
c. Underinsurance
Justin enrolls in a local community college so he can one day become an engineer. Justin is about to become a member of a:
c. Utilitarian organization
Three things are important for the formation and sustentation of a city. Which of the below options is NOT one of them?
c. Well constructed buildings
Anil has noticed that infertility has been affecting many of his intergenerational friends and family. Based on this observation, Anil is writing his senior thesis on the effects that certain cities, water quality, and hormones might have on his friends. Anil will most likely approach his findings and paper using which theory?
c. Zero population growth theory
Josh sits in his kitchen in the city projects trying to sip his coffee while inhaling the nauseating fumes wafting from the town dump that was relocated to within a mile of his home. He desperately wishes he could move, but he works two jobs just to make ends meet for his family. Josh lives in the poorer part of town; the part that is greatly overlooked by local government officials. What might a sociologist call this phenomenon?
c. environmental racism
Pollution, like many other issues in the world, has become a global issue. What was the name of the agreement that several countries signed as a way to pledge the lessening of carbon emissions?
c. the Kyoto Protocol
For every dollar a man makes in the United States, how much does a woman make?
d. 77 cents
The term meritocracy is defined by the text as:
d. A bureaucracy where membership and advancement is based on proven and documented skills.
Which of the following is NOT a product of gender stereotyping?
d. A father buying a basketball hoop for his daughter's eighth birthday.
Please define representative democracy:
d. A government wherein citizens elect officials to represent their interests. Correct
What is the difference between a violent crime and a hate crime?
d. A hate crime is based on a person's race, religion, or other characteristics
Why do we have two words for a big city: metropolis and megalopolis?
d. A metropolis is just one city while a megalopolis includes many different cities.
The term sexuality is defined by the text as:
d. A person's capacity for sexual feeling
Which of the following best defines Medicare?
d. A publicly funded health care program which provides health services to people over 65 years old as well as people who meet other standards for disability
Sandy is standing in line for Kanye West tickets. The line wraps around the block, spilling into the streets and crowding store windows. Sandy is part of a(n):
d. Aggregate
A total institution can be defined as:
d. An organization in which participants live a controlled lifestyle and in which total resocialization occurs.
Davis is low on cash, but really wants an electric guitar. He offers to trade his acoustic guitar, for his friend Bill's electric guitar. Davis is engaging in:
d. Bartering
Which theorist studied the power elite, and the influence they had over society?
d. C. Wright Mills
A famous socialite is court-ordered to enter a rehabilitation center to eliminate her drug addiction. The socialite is about to become a member of a:
d. Coercive organization
Elise travels across Thailand with her friends and, to her surprise, finds the country quite unlike the United States. "I hate the food," she tells her family at home. "I hate the language, I hate the weird customs and awful music. America is clearly the best place to be." This is an example of _______.
d. Ethnocentrism
Which of the following industries is not projected to experience growth within the United States within the next 10 years?
d. Farming, Fishing, and Forestry
Which sociological perspective argues that sick people fill a societal role, and are stigmatized by society if they spend longer in that role than is appropriate?
d. Functionalism
"Climate change" is a less politicized phrase that has replaced:
d. Global Warming
The concept "reference groups" can be defined as:
d. Groups to which an individual compares himself or herself.
Medical sociology is the systematic study of:
d. How humans manage issues of health and illness, disease and disorders, and health care for both the sick and the healthy
Please define C. Wright Mill's sociological imagination.
d. How individuals understand their own and others' pasts in relation to history and social structure.
Erik Erikson's theory explains:
d. How the actions of society help shape personalities throughout the eight basic stages of life.
John wants to study whether a larger number of laptops available to students at his school lead to higher grades. Choose the independent and dependent variable.
d. Independent variable: Number of laptops; Dependent variable: Grades
Grace works in at an advertising agency. Grace's coworkers help her complete presentations, contact clients, and assist her with research. Her coworkers are serving a(n):
d. Instrumental function
Whose work do conflict theorists rely on to help form their arguments surrounding social stratification?
d. Karl Marx
In first grade, Scott is unfairly singled out by his teacher for bad behavior, partly because his older brothers had behavioral problems themselves. Throughout grade school, Scott gains a reputation as a "problem" child. Scott eventually drops out of school, thinking he was born to fail anyway. Which school of thought best fits Scott's experience?
d. Labeling theory
Which of the following is NOT an example of a formal norm within the United States?
d. Making eye contact while speaking
In recent years, a great compulsion to engage in frequent and risky sexual behaviors was deemed sexual addiction. This is an example of:
d. Medicalization of deviance
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, three fourths of children of divorced parents, live with their mother. What impact might this have on the U.S. male population over time?
d. Men may be more aggressive which may lead to an increase in crime, domestic violence, etc.
What is a difference between a more and a folkway?
d. Mores may carry serious consequences if violated; folkways do not.
Symbolic interactionists have come to the conclusion that:
d. Most people only socialize with people in their same social class.
When Maria married John, she moved to John's house which was adjacent to his parent's house. Her mother-in-law was always over giving Maria advice on everything from decorating to icing cakes. Maria lives in a:
d. Patrilocal residence
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a bureaucracy:
d. Personality-based promotion
Kevin conducted a study on whether the length of the line at a local Starbucks affected how well the customers enjoyed their coffee after receiving it. Malcolm conducted the study at his local Starbucks, and found the same results. Kevin's study had a high level of _____.
d. Reliability
Which of the following is NOT true of the sociological perspective on religion?
d. Religion is a symbol of high culture.
Thomas wants to better understand the trends in literacy rates in Baltimore city over the past 50 years using Baltimore city data. What type of research should Thomas conduct?
d. Secondary data analysis
What is the difference between sex and gender?
d. Sex refers to physical or physiological differences between males and females, while gender is the extent to which one identifies as being either masculine or feminine.
Paris has been studying the demography of the United Kingdom. The U.K. is very similar to the United States or Sweden in that it is industrialized, has relatively long life expectancy, and infant mortality is low. Which stage in the Demographic Transition Theory would the U.K. fall into?
d. Stage 4
Terrence and his family own a farm in a remote region of Chile. They farm only enough to produce enough food to feed the family, and pay their taxes. What are Terrence and his family engaging in?
d. Subsistence Farming
In 1973, the American Psychological Association (APA) declassified homosexuality as an abnormal or deviant disorder. Which sociological perspective would be most interested in the statement the (APA) made to society?
d. Symbolic interactionism
In recent decades, lobbying has become a powerful force in the political world. Lobbyists frequently meet behind closed doors with senators, lawmakers, and congressmen and women to push influential legislation through the congressional process. Which sociological perspective would be most interested in examining the lobbying movement?
d. Symbolic interactionism
Until 1973 homosexuality was considered a psychological disorder American Psychological Association. Which sociological perspective would be most concerned with why this was considered an illness, and what effect that diagnosis had on society?
d. Symbolic interactionist
Which historical event was greatly responsible for global stratification as we see it today?
d. The Industrial Revolution
Given the example of London with its postindustrial economy of ideas, how might the Internet affect the modern city as we know it?
d. The Internet could allow people with knowledge to connect in a virtual "city" without having to be physically close to each other.
When a number of young, gay men in New York, San Francisco and Los Angeles began dying of a mysterious disease in the early 1980's, the public began referring to the disease as "the gay cancer," stigmatizing the disease for doctors and patients. This is an example of:
d. The cultural meaning of illness
Ahmed has been trying to change his schedule so that he can take one more AP class his senior year in high school. He keeps running between the guidance office and the administration office to sort out the problem. Ahmed's interaction with the school's bureaucracy is an example of:
d. The hidden curriculum of schools
Which of the following would a social epidemiologist be likely to study:
d. The high cancer rates surrounding a large manufacturing plant in New Mexico
Which of the following best defines the term globalization?
d. The process of integrating governments, cultures, and financial markets through international trade into a single world market.
Social control is:
d. The regulation and enforcement of norms.
Watching television shows can be a good way to understand and study families because:
d. They teach us how a family on screen can represent the values of the era in which they aired.
Which of the following is an example of structural unemployment?
d. Though many companies are hiring in Washington D.C., unemployment is high in Tennessee.
Communist regimes, which attempt to control all aspects of citizens' lives, are examples of which form of government:
d. Totalitarian dictatorship
Dana's lives in a country which guarantees healthcare for all of its citizens. Dana lives in a country which uses:
d. Universal healthcare
The term secondary deviance can be defined as:
d. When a person's self-concept and behavior begin to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by members of society.
What is the threshold population for a town, community, etc. before it begins to act like, and take on the characteristics of a city?
d. When it reaches 100,000 people
To a conflict theorist, marriage and families are fascinating because:
d. Within the family are social standings and power struggles.
