Sociology Final

What percentage of American adults aged 24-29 are living with their parents?

42%

What is the difference between the nuclear and extend family?

Nuclear family- husband wife chidden and immediate family Extended- nuclear + all other relatives

Name and explain 3 types of authority as elaborated by Max Weber?

Traditional- birth into family, always know who's next in line Rational-legal- everyone is involved, written rules, next in line is elected Charismatic- a person becomes an authority figure because of his/her outstanding traits

t/f- A central sociological principle of education is that a nation's education and educational system reflects its culture.

True

t/f- In the U.S. there is a political gender gap, whereby men are more likely to vote Republican and women are more likely to vote Democrat.

True

Sociologically, which of the definitions below is the most accurate definition of 'marriage'?

a groups approved mating arrangements, usually marked by a ritual of some sort to indicate the couples new public status

Define power

ability to get your way despite resistance

What do functionalists view as the purpose of the 'incest taboo'?

avoid role confusion

What is the term for illegitimate power?

coercion

What is the relationship between the level of industrialization and the level of traditional authority?

decline

The number of children that Americans see as ideal has _____________over the years.

decreased

What is the primary criticism leveled against capitalism?

leads to social inequality

Who in the US is most likely to vote and why?

non hispanic whites because they are more educated and feel they have a higher stake in the system

Regina lives in a society in which the descent of children is identified by the father's relatives, but not her mother's relatives. Which type of descent system does this denote?

patrilineal

What is the entity that claims a monopoly on legitimate force or violence?

the state

Which of the following women are most likely to remarry?

young mothers and those with less education

What are Timasheff's 3 conditions of war?

1. Antagonistic Situation - Two or more states confront incompatible objectives 2. Cultural Tradition of War - Leaders of a group see war as an option for dealing with serious disputes with other nations 3. Fuel - Heats the antagonistic situation to a boiling point

Name and Explain 5 major functions of family.

1. economic production- fam. prepares children to go out and work when older 2. socialization of kids- teach children norms, values, moral beliefs, and ideas of society 3. care for sick and aged- responsibility switches 4. recreation- build relationships and companionships 5. sexual control- have one partner to love and care for 6. reproduction

According to Emile Durkheim there are 3 elements of religion. What are they?

Beliefs- that Some Things are Sacred Practices- Centering on Things Considered Sacred A Moral Community- Resulting from a Group's Beliefs and Practices

Name and explain 2 trends in the American family.

Cohabitation - 2/3 of marriage couples have lived together before they got married Grandparents as Parents - more grandparents are fulfilling the parental role as more parents are working

Name 3 political differences between Democrats and Republicans.

Democrats- Younger, Minority groups, Liberal, Working classes, More government Republicans- Older, Middle to upper class, Conservative, Less government

t/f- 60% of Americans identify Christianity as their religion.

False

t/f- Sociologists study religion in order to determine which ideology best explains the nature and meaning of the hereafter.

False

t/f- The United States serves as a perfect example of laissez-faire capitalism

False

t/f- The holy book of Islam is the Torah.

False

t/f- There are only 3 major religions in the world.

False

t/f- Traditional authority increases with the level of industrialization in a society.

False

Who stated that "violence is the foundation of any political order"?

Peter Berger

Define and explain the purpose of a PAC. What is a common criticism of PACs?

Political Action Committees; money used to buy votes and influence legislation; criticism-money buys votes

t/f- According to your textbook, 94% of Americans belief that there is a god.

True

t/f- All major religions began as cults.

True

t/f- Conflict theorists stress that education reproduces the nation's social class system.

True

t/f- Family background is more important than test scores in predicting who attends college in the United States.

True

t/f- Hunting and gathering societies usually have a subsistence economy.

True

t/f- The State claims a monopoly on 'legitimate' force or violence.

True

t/f- The sacred is the opposite of profane.

True

Which statement is true regarding the effect of social class on child-rearing in the U.S.?

differences can occur when it comes to social class and child rearing; working class- naturally develops, sets limits, and let loose

What is an organization that solicits contributions from many donors and then uses the money to influence legislation?

political action committee

Name and explain 3 ways in which war dehumanizes people.

reduces people to objects, breeds callousness and cruelty, moral cost

What were the three sources of authority identified by Max Weber?

traditional, rational-legal, charismatic

In which societies do anthropologists see exogamy as especially functional?

tribal societies