Sociology of Deviance - Test #2: Chapter 5

_______ said that rape was the ultimate physical threat to women. a. Smith b. Phillips c. Brownmiller d. Strauss

ANSWER: c REFERENCES: 143 NOTES: 5.13

In general, murderers: a. think of themselves as criminals b. recidivate often c. do not engage in criminal careers d. do not end their criminal ways just because they are arrested

ANSWER: c REFERENCES: 148 NOTES: 5.5

Which of the following would be considered a part of the sociological conception of crime? a. Behaviors that violate a specific criminal statute, such as robbery. b. Violations of regulatory law created by agencies of the federal government such as the Federal Trade Commission. c. Odd behavior on city streets and elevators, which may not be considered against the law of a government, but still disrupt social order. d. Both a and b

ANSWER: d REFERENCES: 116 NOTES: 5.1

A criminal career includes which of the following roles? a. A commitment to crimes as a social role and characteristic activity. b. Identification with crime. c. Progression in crime through the development of increasingly complex and sophisticated criminal techniques and attitudes. d. All of the above.

ANSWER: d REFERENCES: 118 NOTES: 5.5

A ______ criminal is one who displays no identification or commitments and does not have a criminal self concept? a. Career criminal b. Semi-professional criminal c. Professional criminal d. Non-career criminal

ANSWER: d REFERENCES: 118 NOTES: 5.6

Oliver (1994) noted that men who had committed assaults reported that most of the assaultive episodes resulted from a series of precipitating conditions known as: a. independent transgressions b. specific transgressions c. cumulative transgressions d. autonomy transgressions

ANSWER: d REFERENCES: 127 NOTES: 5.10

Spousal abuse includes which of the following offenses? a. Marital rape b. Physical violence c. Sexual abuse d. All of the above

ANSWER: d REFERENCES: 134 NOTES: 5.12

Which of the following is NOT true of elder abuse? a. Victims sometimes withhold information because they fear retaliation b. Evidence of physical injury does not usually provide evidence of abuse c. Victims may not provide credible testimony d. We have reliable estimates of the extent of this problem

ANSWER: d REFERENCES: 137 NOTES: 5.7

Rape shares a number of characteristics with what other crimes? a. Drug crimes b. Vandalism and auto theft c. Burglary and other property crimes d. Crimes of interpersonal violence

ANSWER: d REFERENCES: 143 NOTES: 5.13

Which of the following is NOT a reason why rape victims may not report the crime to the police? a. Victims sometimes must deny implications that they consented by either resisting too weakly or by leading on their assailant. b. Rape is an emotionally upsetting and humiliating experience c. Rape victims have faced embarrassing questioning by the police and prosecutors to verify details of crimes. d. All of the above are reasons why rape is underreported

ANSWER: d REFERENCES: 144 NOTES: 5.13

Another term for white-collar crimes is: a. Occupational crime b. common-law crime c. delinquency d. petty crime

ANSWER: a REFERENCES: 116 NOTES: 5.2

The industrialized country with the highest homicide rate is: a. the United States b. Finland c. Sweden d. Ireland

ANSWER: a REFERENCES: 120 NOTES: 5.7

Murders among the middle and upper classes are more likely to include: a. pre-meditation b. alcohol c. lack of personal gain d. cocaine

ANSWER: a REFERENCES: 123 NOTES: 5.8

Of the four stages that lead one to be a violent offender, which one involves experiencing physical coercion to submit to authority? a. Brutalization b. Belligerency c. Violent performances d. Virulency

ANSWER: a REFERENCES: 128 NOTES: 5.11

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor or family characteristic that contributes to child abuse? a. Grandparent is primary guardian b. Family size c. Income d. Single-parent households

ANSWER: a REFERENCES: 132 NOTES: 5.12

A late 1960s study in the Philadelphia correctional system found that almost _____ percent of male inmates that had passed through the system had been raped.

ANSWER: a REFERENCES: 141 NOTES: 5.13

According to the Stanford Rape Education Project: a. one in three female students has been raped b. nearly half of all female students have been raped c. around 40% of male students have been raped d. college students are rarely if ever raped

ANSWER: a REFERENCES: 141 NOTES: 5.13

Of the following four sociological explanations for rape, which one did not receive empirical support? a. rape represents an extension of legitimate violence in society b. rape varies with the degree of gender inequality c. rape results in part from depictions of women as sexual objects in pornography d. rape results from value conflicts in the larger society

ANSWER: a REFERENCES: 147 NOTES: 5.15

Another term for conventional or street crimes is: a. white-collar crime b. common-law crime c. delinquency d. petty crime

ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 116 NOTES: 5.2

Which of the following is NOT a way that we can distinguish criminals from one another? a. commitment b. abstention c. identification d. progression

ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 118 NOTES: 5.6

An application of physical force with the intent to do severe bodily harm to settle a dispute is classed? a. Battery b. Aggravated assault c. Manslaughter d. Assault and battery

ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 119 NOTES: 5.7

According to Widom, early experiences of child abuse: a. have no effect on the likelihood of abusing later as an adult b. constitute a risk factor in later violent behavior c. lead directly to abusing later as an adult d. guarantee future abuse of children, but not of one's spouse

ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 131 NOTES: 5.12

Criminal justice officials handle spouse abuse cases as instances of ______. a. endangerment b. assault c. stalking d. aggravated kidnapping

ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 136 NOTES: 5.12

Which of the following is NOT a recent legal reform for rape cases? a. Shield laws that prevent publication of victims' names. b. Many states have increased the requirements for corroboration by others of rape victims' testimony. c. Many states have expanded rape limits to include any nonconsensual sexual behavior and not just intercourse. d. The number of special units in police departments dealing with rape cases has increased

ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 145 NOTES: 5.14

Certain crimes are considered bad in themselves, such as rape and murder and robbery. The term lawyers like to use for "bad in themselves" is: a. mala prohibita b. doli incapax c. mala in se d. mens rea

ANSWER: c REFERENCES: 116 NOTES: 5.3

Personal violence in urban areas is highest among young age groups and males. In the United States, what age group shows much higher homicide rates than any other group? a. 12-14 b. 15-17 c. 18-24 d. All of the above

ANSWER: c REFERENCES: 123 NOTES: 5.8

More than half of murder offenders and victims: a. are strangers b. are intimate with one another (married, cohabitating, dating) c. are acquaintances (friends, neighbors, casual acquaintances) d. more than half are not in any one category

ANSWER: c REFERENCES: 124 NOTES: 5.8

The concept of __________ states that violence frequently results from an attempt to establish or reestablish a position of power over another person? a. Race b. Gang affiliation c. Differential power d. Alcohol

ANSWER: c REFERENCES: 124 NOTES: 5.9

When comparing rates of child abuse internationally, we find that the U.S. rate of abuse: a. is higher than in other countries b. is generally lower than in other countries c. are comparable to those in other countries d. international comparative studies have not been conducted

ANSWER: c REFERENCES: 133 NOTES: 5.12

A national incidence survey found that in _____ of the violent homes both men and women committed offenses. a. one-fourth b. one-third c. one-half d. two-thirds

ANSWER: c REFERENCES: 134 NOTES: 5.12