Sociology Quiz One-Nine

Supercentenarians are people who are ____ and older.

110

An average of ____ people in the United States fall victim to hate crimes each year?

195,000

How many pillars are essential to the Islamic faith?

5

Your grandmother is still very active and loves to get her friends together for bridge on Friday. They always talk about all those old-old people down at the senior center who like to play bingo. About how old are the old-old senior citizens to whom they are referring?

85

The term meritocracy is defined by the text as:

A bureaucracy where membership and advancement is based on proven and documented skills.

Which theorist would be most interested in who controls the media, and the ways in which the dominant race and class minimizes the media presence of the lower classes and other races?

A conflict theorist

The term values can be defined as:

A culture's standard of discerning what's good and just in society

In an effort to control a total institution, and to create a community of sameness, inmates are forced to strip down, be searched by police officers, and given identical uniforms before entering prison. This is an example of _______.

A degradation ceremony

Which of the following is NOT a product of gender stereotyping?

A father buying a basketball hoop for his daughter's eighth birthday.

What is the Head Start Program?

A federal program that provides academically focused preschool to students of low socioeconomic status.

Polygyny is:

A man who is married to more than one woman at the same time.

The term sexuality is defined by the text as:

A person's capacity for sexual feelings.

The term value neutrality is defined by the text as:

A practice of remaining impartial, without bias or judgement during the course of a study and in publishing results.

When Hildegard visited a Church of Christ, she realized just how similar their practices and beliefs are to her regular denomination of choice, the Episcopalian Church. These similarities probably mean that the Church Christ is:

A sect within the Christian faith

The concept anomie can be defined as:

A situation in which society no longer has the support of a firm collective consciousness.

The term language can be defined as:

A symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted.

If someone who follows the teaching of Confucius mentions the word jen, they are referring to:

A teaching that everyone should be treated kindly.

A hypothesis can defined as

A testable proposition

88 million people live on less than $1.00 a day. These people are said to be living in _____________.

Absolute poverty

Sandy is standing in line for Kanye West tickets. The line wraps around the block, spilling into the streets and crowding store windows. Sandy is part of a(n):

Aggregate

Which of the following is NOT one of Marx's four types of alienation?

Alienation from one's religion

In the United States, where outsourcing is almost always addressed negatively, companies still get away with outsourcing. How do they do this?

Americans want lower prices for their consumable products, and the only way for companies to deliver those low prices is to outsource the work to cheaper laborers.

Sumaira is scared that she will not find a job in the current economy. She decides to be a business major and attend one of the top business schools in the country. Upon graduation, she is hired by a major investment banking firm in New York. Sumaira has completed:

Anticipatory socialization

Ivanka Trump is the daughter of business mogul Donald Trump. Her role as heiress to the Trump fortune is an example of ______.

Ascribed status

Which continent has the largest number of people living in poverty in the world?

Asia

Which of the following is NOT an example of new media?

Barnes and Noble

Which of the following is an example of a negative informal sanction?

Beatrix being booed off stage after telling an offensive joke during her comedy routine.

Which theorist studied the power elite, and the influence they had over society?

C. Wright Mills

Miguel is doing a research paper on New York City's Stonewall riots of 1969. He visits the scene of the riots, interviews people who were there, reads the police reports of the event, and watches video footage. Miguel is conducting a(n)

Case Study

Cultural deviance theory

Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay

Durkheim defined ______ as the communal beliefs, morals, and attitudes of a society.

Collective conscience

As industrialization began to boom, Durkheim believed people were more susceptible to anomie because:

Collective norms are weakened. Society no longer has the support of the collective consciousness. Specialization of labor lead to alienation.

Mark, whose parents are wealthy, has been socialized to believe that he can be whoever he wants to be. His best friend Matt, whose parents are blue-collar workers, has been socialized to believe that hard work and following instructions is all he needs to support himself. Which sociological paradigm does this story fit?

Conflict

Tyson visits China over spring break, and after getting online to write home to her parents, she realizes some of her favorite social media sites are blocked by the Chinese government. She becomes concerned with how technology reinforces inequalities among communities, both within and among countries. What sociological perspective best fits Tyson's concerns?

Conflict

In recent times, scholars have been trying to sort out why the countries on the continent of Africa, as a whole, have trouble competing to today's global, capitalist economy. While an answer to this question is complex and carries with it many ambiguities, most scholars point to European colonialism as a key to understanding the current state of Africa. A sociologist studying this topic, would ascribe to which theoretical paradigm?

Conflict theory

Which of the following sociological perspectives argues that the educational system reinforces and perpetuates social inequalities arising from differences in class, gender, race, and ethnicity?

Conflict theory

Hope is desperate for the new designer purse that she saw while window shopping at her local mall. She knew every girl in school would covet her bag and wish to be like her. When she walked in, she whipped out her credit card, and purchased the $5,000 bag. This kind of purchasing is called:

Conspicuous consumption

What causes some caretakers to abuse their elderly charges?

Depression

Ally's father was sent to prison when she was 12 for the trafficking of narcotics; her brother was arrested when she was 13 for possession of methamphetamines. By the age of 18, Ally has been arrested three times for possession of marijuana. Which theory best describes Ally's experience?

Differential association theory

In 2010, what did controversial Senate Bill 1070 propose, causing a series of protests and legal battles?

During a lawful stop, detention, or arrest, Arizona police officers may establish the immigration status of anyone they suspect may be here illegally.

Differential association

Edwin Sutherland

Which theorist claimed that people rise to their proper level society based solely on personal merit?

Emile Durkheim

It was time for Oli to marry. He had finished school and was starting a job. His parents chose a bride for him whose parents had the same amount of wealth and belonged to the same class as they did. Oli and his bride will have a(n) _________ marriage.

Endogamus

Elise travels across Thailand with her friends and , to her surprise, finds the country quite unlike the United States. "I hate the food," she tells her family at home. :I hate the language. I hate the weird customs and awful music. American is clearly the best place to be." This is an example of ____.

Ethnocentrism

After the floppy disk was introduced, zip drives were invented shortly after, followed quickly by flash drives. This is an example of:

Evolutionary model of technological change

Deviance is always considered a crime?

False

Why do sociologists find the study of family to be so important when trying to grasp the mores and norms of a culture?

Families provide for each other as well as carry out and teach a particular culture to other members of the family.

What is the first agent of socialization?

Family

Tyson is researching whether actors on prime-time television and hit movies negatively impact teenagers' body images. He is going undercover at a local high school to observe and participate with the students to better understand the world they live in. Tyson is conducting which research method?

Field research

The process of simultaneously analyzing the behavior of individuals and the society that shapes that behavior (or, the concept that the individual and society are inseparable) is referred to as:

Figuration

If you consider the University of Virginia's National Marriage Project, what can be concluded from their study?

Finances are an important foundation for a successful marriage.

Which of the following are steps in the scientific method?

Formulate a hypothesis, research existing sources, and report results

Weber's proposal of anti-positivism influences sociological researchers to ____ while examining different social worlds.

Gain a subjective understanding of human cultural norms

Which of the following does NOT account for the differences in the educational system from country to country?

Geographic distribution of male and female students

When elderly people are considered elders and elders of a group of people, they are functioning under a(n):

Gerontocracy

What is a negative risk of media globalization?

Governments censoring information for their benefit.

Which number does the World Bank use to determine the status and classification of each nation?

Gross National Income per Capita

Which of the following is an example of cultural relativism?

Helena putting aside her vegetarianism to eat meals with the local tribe she is studying

When Wendy's sorority sisters discover that Wendy is a lesbian, they hold a secret meeting to decide if Wendy should still be allowed to pledge. A handful of the sisters vote "no." This is an example of:

Homophobia

Please define C. Wright Mill's sociological imagination.

How individuals understand their own and others' pasts in relation to history and social structure.

What seems to be the key (although not the rule) to upward social mobility?

How much education you have.

Please place the following societies in chronological order:

Hunter-gatherer; Pastoral; Horticultural; Agricultural

According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, when do humans begin to think about the feelings of other people and begin to see the world through other people's eyes?

In their teenage years

Qualitative sociology can be defined as

In-depth interviews, focus groups, and/or analysis of content sources as the sources of its data

Which of the following is an example of a cultural universal?

Incest taboos

No one in the United States can watch the news without hearing about the struggle over Social Security. Which approach has been used in the past to avoid the program's collapse?

Increase the age at which someone can start collecting Social Security

Grace works in at an advertising agency. Grace's coworkers help her complete presentations, contact clients, and assist her with research. Her coworkers are serving a(n):

Instrumental function

An instrumental leader:

Is goal-oriented and largely concerned with accomplishing set tasks.

Which of the following is NOT an example of a stereotype?

Isaiah cooking his girlfriend a meat-free dinner because she is a vegetarian

What is particularly unique about the United States middle class?

It is broken into two subcategories: upper and lower middle class.

What is a dependency ratio?

It is the comparison of working people to non-working people.

What is the importance of interpretive framework?

It leads to in-depth knowledge of a participant's social world

Whose work do conflict theorists rely on to help form their arguments surrounding social stratification?

Karl Marx

___ believed that societies grew and changed as a result of the struggles of different social classes over the means of production and greatly favored ____

Karl Marx; Communism

Which of the following is NOT an example of self-fulfilling prophecy?

Kevin sprained his ankle a month before a marathon. Though his trainer advises him not to participate, Kevin runs the marathon and places third.

In first grade, Scott is unfairly singled out by his teacher for bad behavior, partly because his older brothers had behavioral problems themselves. Throughout grade school, Scott gains a reputation as a "problem" child. Scott eventually drops out of school, thinking he was born to fail anyway. Which school of thought best fits Scott's experience?

Labeling theory

Which is an effect of absolute poverty that also contributes to its cyclical nature?

Lack of education

Christine is president of her Improvisation Comedy Troupe. When making decisions about booking gigs, rehearsal spaces, and call-times, Christine leaves the troupe to decide for themselves. Christine is a(n) _____ leader.

Laissez-faire

When Rosa and Sergei realized that the poor were being neglected in their city, they mobilized the members of their synagogue to send letters to the government asking them to fix the growing rate of poverty, or at least, fund the citizens so they might help their neighbors. This is an example of

Liberation Theology

The U.S. Census Bureau keeps records of different statistics that pertain to families. For example, in 2010, there were three million children who did not live with their parents. 54% of these children were:

Living with their grandparent(s)

Which of the following is NOT an example of a formal norm within the United States?

Making eye contact while speaking

Which of the following is NOT a method used within the United States to produce educational equality?

Mandatory tutoring

Which is one reason that sociologist cite to explain why men and women are delaying marriage until their mid-to-late twenties?

Many young people place education and career higher than marriage on their list of priorities.

Marcy and her three children have been trying to scrape by ever since Marcy's husband was killed in an automobile accident. Given what you know about George Murdock's theory, what would you expect to happen to this family?

Marcy would go back to work and rely on her parents for childcare.

Which of the following is an example of an in-group/out-group dynamic:

Members of sorority Delta Delta Delta advise their pledges not to socialize with members of pledges of rival sorority Sigma Delta Theta.

What is the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) and marriage?

Men and women who are married experience less abuse, than those who are separated or cohabitating

Which court case set the precedent for access to education within the United States for students with disabilities?

Mills vs. Board of Education of the District of Columbia

What did Marx and Freud see as the downfall of religion that would lead to the secularization of society?

Modernization of society

Which trend has the World Bank seen in its study of poverty in low-income nations?

More women live in poverty than men.

Symbolic interactionists have come to the conclusion that:

Most people only socialize with people in their same social class.

If you work with children, why is it important to be ever vigilant for any signs of child abuse?

Most reports of child abuse come from non-relative adults who interact with the child.

It is parent-teacher conference day at Littleton Elementary School. Jimmy's teacher is anxious to meet his parents and discuss his habit of disrupting the class. When the teacher expresses her concern that Jimmy is not being socialized properly, his dad insists that he was the same way at Jimmy's age and that disrupting the class is natural for the children in his family. Jimmy's teacher and father are arguing about which fundamental sociological theory?

Nature vs. Nurture

Functionalist Émile Durkheim believed some deviance within society was:

Necessary; it challenged people's views.

According to the social construction of race school of thought, race is:

Not biologically identifiable

In order to better understand the sorority pledging process at her university for her sociology these, Carmen pledges with a popular sorority. This is an example of

Participant observation

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a bureaucracy

Personality-based promotion

Which sociological studied how cultural capital helps an individual navigate their culture?

Pierre Bourdieu

Katrina, age 5, and Sharon, age 4, love to play together while their mothers chat. Katrina has a toy iron and washing machine. She and Sharon spend hours "washing" and "ironing" her baby doll's clothes, just like they see their mothers do. Which of George Herbert Mead's stages of development are Katrina and Sharon exemplifying?

Play stage

Asad's first grade class is diverse: there are two students from Korea, five students from South America, two students from the United States, three students from Kuwait, a student from Mexico, two students from England, and five students from western Europe. Asad's class is:

Pluralistic

MTV's widely watched TV series The Jersey Shore is an example of___, while the obscure works of playwright Same Shepard are an example of ___

Popular culture; high culture

The term discrimination is defined in the text as:

Prejudiced action against a group of people

Roberto has just moves to a new city. He does not know anyone but he wants to find a mosque where he can practice Islam. Which theory will Roberto sue, either consciously or subconsciously, to make a decision?

Rational choice theory

Which of the following is NOT a step in the scientific method?

Receive corroboration from the field

When Michael starts high school, he joins the basketball team. He begins to look to his teammate friends for cues on how to behave at dances, in the hallways, and even in the classroom. Michael's basketball team is serving as Michael's _____.

Reference group

Which of the following is NOT true of the sociological perspective on religion?

Religion is a symbol of high culture

Sherry is in her mid-eighties and is moving to a nursing home. She is used to getting up at 5 o'clock each morning and making breakfast for herself. Her new roommate likes to sleep until 7 o'clock and breakfast is not served at the nursing home until 8 o'clock. What is Sherry most likely to experience through this transition?

Resocialization

Strain theory

Robert Merton

On the first day of high school, Kaitlin overhears a group of girls calling her "goth" and "emo." She soon begins to don more black clothing, dark makeup, and seek out friends who dress the same. This is an example of ______.

Role performance

Which two words did Emile Durkheim use to distinguish between religious objects and non-religious objects?

Sacred; profane

Which of the following is an example of planned obsolescence?

Sarah's iPod breaks just as the newest iPod Nano is being introduced.

While visiting your dad at his nursing home, you see an elderly lady sitting at the table with a full tray of food in front of her. She is in a wheel chair and seems depressed. You conclude that she is experiencing:

Secondary aging

Alexis wants to research the 1960s feminist movement. She reads articles from the time period, watches documentaries, and reads scholarly journals on the topic. What kind of research method is Alexis using?

Secondary data analysis

What is the difference between sex and gender?

Sex refers to physical or physiological differences between males and females Gender is the extent to which one identifies as being either masculine or feminine.

Peggy accepts a job offer as an advertising copywriter. Her boss immediately assigns her campaigns for products such as makeup and cleaning products. Peggy asks for different clients, but her boss tells her she should stick to what she and "her kind" know best. Peggy is experiencing :

Sexism

One main issue in studying global social inequality is:

Social inequality is relative and therefore, difficult to compare across cultures.

Which of the following is NOT a manifest function of education?

Social networks

During her first day of kindergarten, Marie does not understand how the lunch line in the cafeteria works. She hesitates and watches as the other kids pick up their trays and silverware and then get in line. She follows their lead and successfully buys herself lunch. Marie's experience in the lunchroom is an example of___.

Socialization

___ view society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of individuals who make up that society.

Structural Functionalists

The two regions with the highest risk of social unrest are:

Sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East-North Africa region

A symbolic interactionist may choose to study senior centers, and other groups of elderly people. Which theory might they find most useful for their study?

Subculture of aging theory

In 1973, the American Psychological Association (APA) declassified homosexuality as an abnormal or deviant disorder. Which sociological perspective would be most interested in the statement the (APA) made to society?

Symbolic Interactionism

After weeks of protest in Zuccotti Park, NYC's "Occupy Wall Street" divided into two camps: one composed of higher income protestors, and one composed of lower-income protesters. A ______ would be most interested in the relationship and nature of day-to- day exchanges between the two groups.

Symbolic interactionist

Max believes that most people's racial beliefs are based on images conveyed in popular media since many people never meet members of certain races for themselves. Max's perspective is:

Symbolic interactionist

Sociology is defined as the

Systematic study of society and social interaction

The _____ records Jewish interpretations of the ____ which is their sacred text.

Talmud; Torah

Susan has the newest iPhone, iPad, iPod, and Mac. When a new Apple product is released, Susan stands in line for hours to be the first to buy it. Susan is a(n):

Technophile

Elizabeth Kubler-Ross's book On Death and Dying added much content knowledge to which field?

Thanatology

The Davis-Moore Thesis states:

That the more society values a particular profession, the more the people in that profession will make.

A class of third graders are told that the assistant principal will be visiting their class to confirm their teacher's reports of bad behavior. When the principal visits, the students behave perfectly. This is an example of

The Hawthorn Effect

Which historical event was greatly responsible for global stratification as we see it today?

The Industrial Revolution

Alienation is defined by the text as:

The condition in which the individual is isolated and divorced from his or her society, work, or sense of self.

Speedy Gonzalez is a popular cartoon character, but is widely considered an inappropriate stereotype. Many children are raised watching Speedy Gonzalez cartoons, unaware that such stereotypes are negative. This is a product of:

The culture of prejudice

Solomon Asch concluded that one reason people conform to a group is because they believe:

The group is better informed than they are.

Ahmed has been trying to change his schedule so that he can take one more AP class his senior year in high school. He keeps running between the guidance office and the administration office to sort out the problem. Ahmed's interaction with the school's bureaucracy is an example of:

The hidden curriculum of schools

Which of the following is an example of a counterculture?

The hippie movement of the 1960s

Which of the following is not a branch of the U.S. Criminal Justice System?

The jury

The term formal education is defined by the text as:

The learning of academic facts and concepts.

Which of the following is NOT an example of a sociological hypothesis?

The more CDs Jamilla buys, the less money she has in her bank account.

Which of the follow are examples of sociological hypothesis?

The more positive reinforcement a parent give a child, the better they do in school The more study halls students are given during the school day, the worse they perform on their tests. The longer an inmate spends in prison, the more difficult it is for him to adapt to the outside world.

Xenocentrism is:

The opposite of enthocentrism

Adolf Hitler blaming Germany's pre-war problems on the Jewish population is an example of:

The scapegoat theory

The term technological diffusion is defined as:

The spread of technology across borders.

GNI PPP, or gross national income divided by purchasing power parity, helps measure:

The standard of living in a country.

What is one of the biggest challenges facing groups and organizations that try to prevent intimate partner violence (IPV)?

The victims of IPV do not report the abuse

Karl Marx asserted that the means of societal change existed in the tension between:

The working class proletariat taking the means of production from the wealthy bourgeois.

The term media globalization can be defined as:

The worldwide integration of media through the cross-cultural exchange of ideas.

Peer groups are important to adolescents because

They help to develop a sense of identity separate from adolescents' parents.

Watching television shows can be a good way to understand and study families because:

They teach us how a family on screen can represent the values of the era in which they aired.

The debate about net neutrality consists of two main sides. Which of the following is one of those sides?

Those who provide Internet service should be treated as common carriers, legally prohibited from discriminating based on the customer or nature of the goods.

Which of the following is not a purpose of the American Sociological Association's role of ethics?

To ensure the financial gain of the researchers

Which of the following is a purpose of the American Sociological Association's role of ethics?

To guarantee the safety of their participants, to maintain value neutrality, to foster professionally responsible scholarship in sociology.

What is the purpose of queer theory?

To question the ways society perceives and experiences sex, gender, and sexuality.

Which of the following is NOT a latent function of education?

Transmission of culture

Control theory

Travis Hirschi

True or false: A person's sex, as determined by his or her biology, does not always correspond with his or her gender.

True

Maria babysits as a form of income while she is in college. Because the amounts she gets per job are not huge, Maria never bothers to report her earnings to the IRS. Maria is a part of the _____________.

Underground economy

Jackson lives in rural Chile, and is the son of a poor farmer. The nearest school is 50 miles away, and he has no means to get there. What does the educational system in Jackson's country lack?

Universal access

Justin enrolls in a local community college so he can one day become an engineer. Justin is about to become a member of a:

Utilitarian organization

Which statement explains why Immanuel Wallerstein's classification is preferred by sociologist?

Wallerstein's classification uses neutral terms that allow his classification of nations to be less biased and appear less ethnocentric.

Which three states allow some form of physician-assisted suicide?

Washington State, Oregon, and Montana

The term secondary deviance can be defined as:

When a person's self-concept and behavior begin to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by members of society.

The term doing gender can be defined as:

When people perform tasks based upon the gender assigned to them by society and, in turn, themselves.

When Alexander, who is white, drives his car over the speed limit, a police officer lets him off with a warning. When Christopher, who is Hispanic, drives his car at the same speed as Alexander on the same road, the officer gives him a ticket, even though his record is clean. This is an example of:

White privilege

Which position describes Karl Marx's view of religion and society?

religion simply kept the Proletariat in their low social class

Janet is visiting her childhood friend in the Hamptons. Janet wears ripped jeans and Chuck Taylors to an infamous "White" part. The majority of party-goers refuse to socialize with her. Janet is experiencing a form of

social control

The term assimilation is defined by the text as:

the process by which a minority individual or group takes on the characteristics of the dominant culture