Sociology test review

Which of the following types of authority does not reside primarily in a leader?

Dictatorial

._______________ theorist is more likely to view religious beliefs and experiences as not necessarily sacred unless people in a society regard them as sacred.

Emile Durkheim

Which is not one of functionalism's four main purposes of government?

Equally distributing resources

The number one predictor of student achievement is

Expectations of staff

Germany, England, Japan, Switzerland and Taiwan have public health insurance because they believe health care is a privilege and they are capitalistic countries.

False

The cost of getting a college degree has declined since the mid-1980s, while government support in the form of Pell Grants has barely increased.

False

Which perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps keep the social system running smoothly?

Functional perspective

Which of the following paradigms would consider movements such as Occupy Wall Street undesirable and unnecessarily forcing social change?

Functionalism

Which sociologist is not associated with conflict theory?

George H. Mead

Nations who ranked among the top in education could be explained by:

Hiring graduate students who are in the top 5-10% of their class

Which concept corresponds best to structural functionalism?

Interdependence

_____________ happen between different groups of people ranging from tolerance to intolerance.

Intergroup relationships

Many Arab Americans face especially after 9/11.

Islamphobia

Which Type of intergroup relation is an explusion?

Japanese Americans being put in internment camps during WWII

The example of Malcolm X's teacher who told him that he will never be a lawyer is ____________ theory.

Labeling

Studying education under the latent and manifest functions falls under ______________ theory.

Structural functionalism

The four different types of men often portrayed in media are:

Superhero, strong and silent, thug, man-child

Which of the main theoretical perspectives would approach religion from the micro-level, studying how religion impacts an individual's sense of support and well-being?

Symbolic interactionism

Which theory of education focuses on the labels acquired through the educational process?

Symbolic interactionism

Which program is not an example of socialized medicine?

The United States' new system under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

Which of the following is the best example of a gender stereotype?

Women tend to be overly emotional, while men tend to be levelheaded.

Rewarding students for meeting deadlines and respecting authority figures is an example of _____________.

a manifest function

Sociologists associate sexuality with_________________

a person's capacity for sexual feelings

_____________ theorists say that schools play the role of training working-class students to accept and retain their position as lower members of society because of the different unequal resources available to students in richer and poorer neighborhoods as well as through testing.

a. Conflict

Studying education under the latent and manifest functions falls under ______________ theory.

b. Structural functionalism

The Protestant work ethic was viewed in terms of its relationship to:

capitalism

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. used his public speaking abilities and magnetism to inspire African Americans to stand up against injustice in an extremely hostile environment. He is an example of a(n) __________ leader.

charismatic

Sociologist G. William Domhoff's Who Rules America? asserts that wealth is often necessary to exert the most influence over social and political systems. This is a ____ perspective.

conflict theory

This ___________ perspective views that religion has been used to support the "divine right" of oppressive monarchs and to justify unequal social structures, like India's caste system.

conflict theory

Learning from classmates that most students buy lunch on Fridays is an example of ________.

cultural transmission

Social scientists refer to the use of a church to combat social injustice in the political realm as:

liberation theology

__________ discusses theology from the point of view of the poor and the oppressed, and some interpret the scriptures as a call to action against poverty and injustice.

liberation theology

_____________ are everyday verbal, nonverbal, and environmental slights, snubs, or insults, whether intentional or unintentional, which communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative messages to target persons based solely upon their marginalized group membership.

microaggressions

Which is not a characteristic of a democracy?

. A king or queen holds the majority of governmental control

Those who contribute to the stigmatization of illness include:

. All of the above

What are the major factors that affect education systems throughout the world?

. Resources and money

. Informal education _________________.

. refers to the learning of cultural norms

Informal education _________________.

. refers to the learning of cultural norms

The percentage of female college students who are the victim of an attempted or completed sexual assault is:

20%

According to Piketty, public spending in Europe that covers the cost of education and health is around 75%, while in America it is around 50%.

75%, 50%

In America, ________ of U.S. 4th grade math teachers majored or minored in math, compared with ________ in Singapore.

8%, 48%

Repeated studies have found that exposure to violence in the media has resulted in:

All of the above

Which subordinate group is often referred to as the model minority?

Asian Americans

Which statement best expresses the difference between power and authority?

Authority is based on the perceived legitimacy of the individual in power.

what course case ended de jure segregation in the south

Brown Vs. Board

Courtship

Which of the following is not a manifest function of education?

In what part of the world have Confucianism and Taoism been primarily practiced?

China

Which statement best expresses why the United States is not a true democracy?

Citizens elect representatives who vote on their behalf to make policy.

Which sociological perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps to maintain social inequalities within a society?

Conflict theory

Which sociological theory most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps to maintain social inequalities within a society?

Conflict theory

Which theory of education focuses on the ways in which education maintains the status quo?

Conflict theory

According to a Gallup poll in 2016, the number one biggest fear related to health is ______ and the number two is _________.

Cost, access

In the U.S. Senate, it is customary to assign each senator a seniority ranking based on years of government service and the population of the state he or she represents. A top ranking gives the senator priority for assignments to office space, committee chair positions, and seating on the senate floor. What type of authority does this example best illustrate?

Legal-rational

_____________ theorists considered religion inseparable from the economy and the worker. Religion could not be understood apart from the capitalist society.

Max Weber and Karl Marx

Which public healthcare system offers insurance primarily to people over sixty-five years old?

Medicaid

Amalgamation is represented by the metaphor.

Melting pot

In which only country other than the United States is it legal for pharmaceutical and drug companies to advertise in media:

New Zealand

What doctrine justified legal segregation in the South?

Plessey v. Ferguson

is a mixture of different cultures where each culture retains its own identity and yet adds to the flavor of the whole dominant culture.

Pluralism

what intergroup relationship is represented by the salad bowl metaphor?

Pluralism

Which of the following do the functionalist and conflict perspectives share?

Position that religion relates to social control, enforcing social norms

Which current world figure has the least amount of political power?

Queen Elizabeth II

has been the greatest influence on sexual behavior in most societies

Religion

What does the individual mandate provision of the 2010 U.S. healthcare reform do?

Requires everyone to have insurance or pay a penalty

According to the Pew Research Center, the highest scores for 15-year old students in reading, math, and science was in:

Singapore

The Arab Spring, Occupy Wall Street protests, and the Tea Party movement have the following in common:

They are examples of conflict theory in action

What makes Native Americans unique as a subordinate group in the United States?

They are the only group that did not come here as immigrants.

Conflict theorists see IQ tests as being biased. Why?

They reward affluent students with questions that assume knowledge associated with upper-class culture.

What term describes the assignment of students to specific education programs and classes on the basis of test scores, previous grades, or perceived ability?

Tracking

Current examples of planned segregation in America would be de facto segregation.

True

Disease is the biological effects and illness is the social experience of an illness.

True

In terms of youth and sexual practices, high school students today are having less sex than high school students in the past decade or two.

True

Which factor does not influence voting practices?

Voting booths

Genocide

Which intergroup relation displays the least tolerance?

The terms "masculine" and "feminine" refer to a person's

gender

The term _______ refers to society's concept of how men and women are expected to act and how they should behave.

gender role

Research indicates that individuals are aware of their sexual orientation

in early adolescence

Some sociologists offer 3 major findings of the last 50 years on the social construction of health. They are:

the cultural meaning of illness, the social construction of the illness experience, social construction of medical knowledge.