Sociology Unit 5: Groups and Organizations

The concept "reference groups" can be defined as:

Groups to which an individual compares himself or herself.

_________describes how any action that is repeated frequently becomes cast into a pattern.

Habitualization

Please place the following societies in chronological order:

Hunter-gatherer; Pastoral; Horticultural;Agricultural

Grace works in at an advertising agency. Grace's coworkers help her complete presentations, contact clients, and assist her with research. Her coworkers are serving a(n):

Instrumental function

An instrumental leader.

Is goal-oriented and largely concerned with accomplishing set tasks.

Which of the following is NOT a means of self-fulfilling prophecy?

Kevin sprained his ankle a month before a marathon. Though his trainer advised him not to participate, Kevin runs the marathon and places third.

Christine is president of her Improvisation Comedy Troupe. When making decisions about booking gigs, rehearsal spaces, and call-times, Christine leaves the troupe to decide for themselves. Christine is a(n) _____ leader.

Laissez-faire

Which if the following is NOT an example of organic solidarity?

A freelance artist creating a sculpture of Barack Obama

What is the difference between primary group and secondary group?

A primary group is small, consisting of emotional face to face relationships; a secondary group is larger and impersonal.

The concept anomie can be defined as:

A situation in which a society no longer has the support of a firm collective consciousness.

Sandy is standing in line for Kanye West tickets. The line wraps around the block, spilling into the streets and crowding store windows. Sandy is part of a(n):

Agreggate

______societies relied on permanent tools for survival, and expanded due to innovations such as crop rotation and fertilizer.

Agricultural

Which if the following is NOT one of Marx's four types of alienation?

Alienation from one's religion

As industrialization began to boom, Durkheim believed people were more susceptible to anomie because:

All of the above: Collective norms are weakened, society no longer has the support of the collective consciousness, and specialization of labor lead to alienation.

Functionalist Émile Durkheim viewed society as:

An organism in which each portion plays a vital role in keeping the organism stable and healthy.

A total institution can be defined as:

An organization in which participants live a controlled lifestyle and in which total resocialization occurs.

Ivanka Trump is the daughter of business mogul Donald Trump. Her role as heiress to the Trump fortune is an example of ______.

Ascribed status

In the 2010 film, The Social Network, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg was portrayed as a leader who was goal-oriented, issuing orders and assigning tasks. Which of the following leadership styles did Zuckerberg likely use?

Authoritarian

Which of the following is an example of role strain?

Becca returns to work after giving birth to her daughter, finding it difficult to act as a mother, wife, and executive.

The Agricultural Revolution is often referred to as "dawn of civilization" because:

Cities and towns were established, and humans had more time for leisure activities.

A famous socialite is court-ordered to enter a rehabilitation center to eliminate her drug addiction. The socialite is about to become a member of a:

Coercive organization

Durkheim defined_____as the communal beliefs, morals, and attitudes of a society.

Collective conscience

Karl Marx's Communist Manifesto is based on the______perspective.

Conflict theory

Kellan wants to shop at Express for the new school year, but because all of his friends shop at Pacific Sun, Kellan does as well. Kellan's behavior is an example of:

Conformity

Which of the following is an example of in-group/out-group dynamic:

Members of sorority Delta Delta Delta advise their pledges not to socialize with members of pledges of rival sorority Sigma Delta Theta.

Charles Cooley's concept of the looking-glass self hypothesizes that:

People base their images on how they think other people see them.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a bureaucracy.

Personality-based promotion

On the first day of high school, Kaitlin overhears a group of girls calling her "goth" and "emo." She soon beings to don more black clothing, dark make up, and seek out friends who dress the same. This is an example of____.

Role performance

Which of the following does NOT constitute cyberbullying?

Sending threatening letters to someone's home

A judge and her gavel. A cop and his gun. A lawyer and her power suit. A ____ would be most concerned with the parts these objects play in impression management.

Symbolic interactionist

When Kevin backpacks across Europe after his high school graduation, he is surprised to find Burger Kings, H&Ms, and even Wal-Mart stores in the foreign cities. This is an example of:

The McDonaldization Effect

The term institutionalization can be defined as:

The act of implanting a convention or norm into society.

Alienation is defined by the text as:

The condition in which the individual is isolated and divorced from his or her society, work, or sense of self.

Solomon Asch concluded that one reason people conform to a group is because they believe:

The group is better informed than they are.

The McDonaldization of Society refers to:

The increased presence of the fast-food business model in common social institutions.

Karl Marx asserted that the means of societal change existed in the tension between:

The working class proletariat taming the means of production from the wealthy bourgeois.

Justin enrolls in a local community college so he can one day become an engineer. Justin is about to become a member of a:

Utilitarian organization

The United States Government is a form of:

A bureaucracy

The term meritocracy is defined by the text as:

A bureaucracy where membership and advancement is based k. proven and documented skills.