SOCY 1001 Exam 2

Serafina is a political elite in an agrarian culture and, as such, has the resources to support and enjoy the arts while most other members of the culture focus on growing food. Serafina can be considered a member of the popular culture. True False

False

Status refers to expectations about how a person should think, feel, and behave. True False

False

Stereotypes can stem from prejudice, which are predetermined ideas about groups of people. True False

False

The "one-drop rule" indicates that, through U.S. history, racial labels were never determined by one's heritage. True False

False

The European Union has a lower poverty rate than the United States. This is due, in part, to the fact that the EU has lower tax rates than the United States. True False

False

The concept of a meritocracy is infallible because it ensures that everyone will have access to the same resources. True False

False

Betty is bringing a bottle of wine to share at her friend's dinner party because she knows it is an appropriate and expected behavior for the situation. This is an example of a social norm. True False

True

Charlize sends her children to private school, enrolls them in swim lessons at the country club, and arranges playdates only with other children of high socioeconomic status. This demonstrates social class reproduction. True False

True

Cho can accurately interpret the cues of others and behave appropriately in various situations. Due to these skills, Cho is considered to have high social intelligence. True False

True

Class-based systems offer the most mobility compared to other systems of stratification. True False

True

Cultural universals mean all human groups do some of the same things, but each group does those things in unique ways. True False

True

Culture includes characteristics that make certain groups distinct from others. True False

True

Of the minority groups, Asian Americans tend to have the lowest unemployment rates and highest levels of education and income. True False

True

The development of the word hangry exemplifies the social construction of language. True False

True

Those with high fiscal capital often have better access to money and the things it can buy than those with low fiscal capital. True False

True

Using a sociological eye will help you notice patterns of racial inequality and make you better capable of holding leaders in your community accountable for addressing them. True False

True

What was the result of Ronald Reagan's "trickle down" approach to economic policy? a. Corporations invested in nations with cheaper workforces leading to deindustrialization. b. The economic inequality gap lessened as the wealthy created more jobs for the working class. c. The economy flourished due to rapid industrialization and technological advances. d. Small business boomed as the common folk had more money to invest in communities.

a. Corporations invested in nations with cheaper workforces leading to deindustrialization.

Which piece of legislation worked to abolish national immigration quotas and did much to increase immigration and alter the racial makeup of the United States? a. Immigration Act of 1965 b. Immigration Act of 1924 c. Three-Fifths Compromise d. Gentlemen's Agreement of 1907

a. Immigration Act of 1965

Rodrick belongs to a group that lives "off the grid" because its members believe the government wants to take away all their rights. Which term best describes Rodrick's group? a. counterculture b. subdominant culture c. low culture d. opposing culture

a. counterculture

What factor contributes to the increasing economic inequality in the United States? a. declining power of unions b. social networks c. lack of social supports d. increasing social services

a. declining power of unions

A person who has the resources to obtain an education and purchase high-quality clothing is said to have ______. a. high cultural capital b. high social intelligence c. low cultural capital d. low social intelligence

a. high cultural capital

Ana is discussing ways to address racial discrimination with her friend Harry. Which of the following are topics they would likely discuss? a. holding leaders accountable for patters of inequality. b. calling out microaggressions c. avoiding speaking about race directly d. connecting with people of other racial and ethnic groups

a. holding leaders accountable for patters of inequality. b. calling out microaggressions d. connecting with people of other racial and ethnic groups

Which action is violating a folkway? a. interrupting someone b. setting fire to a building c. stealing from a store d. neglecting to pay taxes

a. interrupting someone

In a debate with her peers about racial inequality, Maura said, "Well, slavery was abolished way back in 1865 and racism isn't as prevalent as it once was." Which of the four themes in the color-blind perspective does Maura's view best demonstrate? a. minimization b. abstract liberalism c. culturalization d. naturalization

a. minimization

According to Max Weber, which trait determines a person's socioeconomic or social standing? a. status b. biology c. race d. attitude e. class f. party

a. status e. class f. party

In a public school, the teachers could be considered ______. a. subculture b. counterculture d. high culture e. dominant culture

a. subculture

Cristobal owns $500,000 worth of assets and has $50,000 in student loan debt. Therefore, Cristobal's ______ is $450,000. a. wealth b. capital c. buying power d. income

a. wealth

Which statement about racial disparities in the criminal justice system is true? a. White people are less likely than Black people to use and sell illegal drugs. b. Black people are more likely than white people to face arrests for drug charges. c. White drivers are more likely to be pulled over by police than Black drivers. d. Black people are less likely than members of other races to be removed from a jury.

b. Black people are more likely than white people to face arrests for drug charges.

What is suggested by Oscar Lewis's culture of poverty thesis? a. The poor could move out of poverty if they got married. b. Conditions of deprivation create cultural responses geared to survival. c. Poverty is so common that most are likely to experience it at some point in the United States. d. Most U.S. citizens believe in the concept of a culture of poverty. e. The poor could move out of poverty if they worked harder.

b. Conditions of deprivation create cultural responses geared to survival. e. The poor could move out of poverty if they worked harder.

The results of which event allowed White people to once again dominate political power in the South and lead to the establishment of Jim Crow laws? a. Three-Fifths Compromise b. Hayes-Tilden Compromise of 1877 c. Loving v. Virginia d. Brown v. Board of Education

b. Hayes-Tilden Compromise of 1877

Which statement best describes the relationship between prejudice and discrimination? a. Discrimination can lead to prejudiced behavior over time. b. Prejudice is irrational feelings toward groups, and discrimination is unfair treatment of groups. c. Prejudice is unfair treatment of groups of people, and discrimination is irrational attitudes. d. Discriminatory behavior and prejudiced feelings can only be possessed by the dominant group.

b. Prejudice is irrational feelings toward groups, and discrimination is unfair treatment of groups.

______ refers to the way valuable goods and desired intangibles are distributed in society. a. Social capital b. Social stratification c. Absolute hierarchy d. Income equality

b. Social stratification

Which of the following elements is considered material culture? a. language b. artifacts c. symbols d. values

b. artifacts

Dwayne and his family lived on a small plot of land and worked hard every day to grow enough food to survive. Since most of their time was spent farming, Dwayne's family had little time for personal development and hobbies. In which type of society did Dwayne live? a. hunter-gatherers b. horticultural/pastoral c. urban d. industrial

b. horticultural/pastoral

The Fair Housing Act of 1968 prohibited discrimination by landlords and property owners on the basis of ______. a. sexual orientation b. race and national origin c. gender identity d. socioeconomic status

b. race and national origin

Carl is a White man who believes White people are superior to all other groups. Which concept does this best demonstrate? a. discrimination b. racism c. stereotypes d. prejudice

b. racism

In a public school, the teachers could be considered a ______. a. high culture b. subculture c. dominant culture d. counterculture

b. subculture

Which statement best demonstrates the naturalization theme of the color-blind perspective on race? a. "We are biologically programmed to segregate along the lines of race." b. "Black culture itself, not racism, is responsible for creating adverse conditions." c. "I don't see color and race doesn't matter anymore." d. "Everybody has the power within them to fight for racial equality."

c. "I don't see color and race doesn't matter anymore."

Riley, who is from Colorado, likes to play soccer. She takes special interest when learning about a soccer program for kids in Africa and, when on a family trip in England, that kids there typically like soccer. What is this an example of? a. Cultural relativism b. Multiculturalism c. Cultural universal d. Counterculture

c. Cultural universal

Declan was born and raised in Scotland, and he believes that Scottish culture is better than all other cultures around the world. This is an example of ______. a. racism b. institutionalized discrimination c. ethnocentrism d. prejudice

c. ethnocentrism

RJ attends a school where most students are people of color. Since funding for the school relies on local taxes, and most people living in the community are of low socioeconomic status, RJ's school receives less funding than schools in predominantly White communities. This best exemplifies ______. a. de jure segregation b. racism c. institutional discrimination d. racial stereotyping

c. institutional discrimination

Bartolome grew up in a poor family with limited access to social resources, but he was able to attend college and land a high-paying job. Bartolome and his children are now members of the upper class. Which type of mobility does this best exemplify? a. downward b. horizontal c. intergenerational d. structural

c. intergenerational

Social intelligence and cultural capital are components of our ______. a. cultural power b. cultural perspective c. social identity d. self-perception

c. social identity

Correctly arrange the four steps in Robert Park's assimilation process.

contact, conflict, accommodation, assimilation

Which statement describes the concept of absolute value? a. A record player that did not cost a lot of money but is kept because it is much loved. b. A cherished pair of ballet shoes reminds the woman of her childhood. c. A flag symbolizes the nation and is valued by the nation's people. d. An old baseball card is valued at around $5. e. A record player is valued at around $100.

d. An old baseball card is valued at around $5. e. A record player is valued at around $100.

Which characteristic tends to relate to negative views toward Muslim immigrants? a. higher education levels b. frequent interactions with Muslims c. far-left political views d. Christian identity e. lack of interaction with Muslims f. lower education levels

d. Christian identity e. lack of interaction with Muslims f. lower education levels

Which statement best characterizes the concept of cultural relativism? a. Culture causes people to have unique perspectives. b. Everybody experiences culture differently. c. Cultural values are universal. d. Cultures cannot be ranked as better or worse than others.

d. Cultures cannot be ranked as better or worse than others.

Concepts such as norms, values, beliefs, symbols, and language belong to what form of culture? a. Socially constructed b. Material c. Generalized other d. Non-material

d. Non-material

Which statement most accurately describes the difference between race and ethnicity? a. Race is a label that is ascribed by others, while ethnicity is a label ascribed by oneself. b. Race refers to biological differences, while ethnicity refers to country of origin. c. Race includes genetic makeup, while ethnicity includes perceived physical differences. d. Race is socially constructed, while ethnicity refers to shared cultural heritage.

d. Race is socially constructed, while ethnicity refers to shared cultural heritage.

Which is considered a pull factor driving immigration? a. abundant job opportunities in the home country b. political persecution in the home country c. gang violence in the home country d. access to safe housing in the second country e. job opportunities in the second country

d. access to safe housing in the second country e. job opportunities in the second country

As a common person, Horatio is unable to vote. That right is reserved only for clergymen, nobility, and other members of high social groups. In which type of system does Horatio most likely live? a. class-based system b. slavery c. caste system d. estate system

d. estate system

Vaishnavi is an Indian American student who shares the same language, nation of origin, and religion as her Indian American peers. This best refers to Vaishnavi's ______. a. self-identity b. race c. group identification d. ethnicity

d. ethnicity

Compared to other nations, to which stratification category does the United States belong? a. low-income countries b. upper middle-income countries c. lower middle-income countries d. high-income countries

d. high-income countries

Which type of society relies on technology to produce goods and food? a. agrarian b. horticultural/pastoral c. hunter-gatherers d. industrial

d. industrial

Salvatore works as a pediatrician and Zachary works in a fast-food restaurant. Salvatore earns more money than Zachary, because society deems doctors to be more important than fast-food workers. Which term best describes the society in which Salvatore and Zachary live? a. bureaucracy b. autocracy c. democracy d. meritocracy

d. meritocracy

What is used as a basis in determining social class? a. sexual orientation b. social network c. mobility d. occupation e. education f. income

d. occupation e. education f. income

Lena is at a party where she doesn't know many people. Through her observations, she is able to figure out which people are friends and whom is dating whom. She uses this information in her conversations with some of the people at the party. This situation exemplifies Lena's ______. a. social identity b. outgoing personality c. cultural capital d. social intelligence

d. social intelligence

Suppose a new educational technology product makes it easier to obtain a degree online and gain high-paying employment, leading to increased membership in the middle and upper classes. Which type of mobility would this best exemplify? a. downward b. horizontal c. intergenerational d. structural

d. structural

How are workers with low wages ultimately being supported? a. private programs b. family c. friends d. taxpayers

d. taxpayers

Nishma's parents live in a small apartment in the city center and both have blue-collar jobs. Neither were able to afford to go to college. However, Nishma's grades allow her to attend the state's public university and later earn a good living as a computer engineer. What is Nishma's mobility an example of? a. structural b. lateral c. downward d. upward

d. upward

"Freedom is something to be upheld and cherished by society" could best be described as a ______. a. folkway b. role c. more d. value

d. value

About three fourths of all people in the United States are middle class. True False

False

Automation and globalization have increased the number of middle-class jobs in the United States. True False

False

Durkheim argued that the presence of external inequality--like racial discrimination--in an industrial society serves an important function. True False

False

From 1970 to 2016, the earnings of those in lower classes increased at a much more rapid rate than the earnings of those in the top class. True False

False

Lower income students tend to have higher test scores than wealthy students have. True False

False