Spanish Benchmark

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The preterite stems of decir and traer end in j, when being used by the pronouns uds./ellos/ellas ending. With any other pronouns you would use the irregular preterite endings for decir and traer. decir (to say) becomes traer (to bring) becomes

Uds./ellos/ellas dij- traj-

What are the irregular preterite endings?

Yo - e Tú - iste El/Ella/Ud. - o Nosotros - imos Ellos(as)/ Uds. - ieron

What are the regular preterite endings for -ar verbs?

Yo - é Tú - aste El/Ella/Ud - ó Nosotros - amos Ellos(as)/ Uds. - aron

What are the regular preterite endings for -er/ -ir verbs?

Yo - í Tú - iste El/Ella/Ud. - ió Nosotros - imos Ellos(as)/ Uds. - ieron

How do you conjugate the verb construir in past tense?

Yo construí tu construiste El/Ella construyó Nosotros construimos Ellos/as construyeron

How do you conjugate the verb leer in past tense?

Yo leí tu leíste El/Ella leyó Nosotros leímos Ellos/as leyeron

Pronoun Placement Commands Follow the example. Ex. - Noberto y Federica/sacar las verduras Sáquenlas a. Josefa y Noberto/cortar el limón _______________________________________________________________ b. Norberto, Joaquín y Federica/ poner la mesa ______________________________________________________________________ c. Josefa/servir calientes los postres ______________________________________________________________________

a. Cortenlo b. ponganla c. sirvanlos

These are the affirmative words in Spanish. What do they mean in English? algo - alguien - algún/alguno(a) - o.....o - siempre - también -

algo - something alguien - someone algún/alguno(a) - some o....o - either.....or siempre - always también - also

In the preterite, verbs that end in -car, -gar, and -zar are spelled differently in the yo form. buscar becomes pagar becomes empezar becomes

busqué pagué empecé

These are the negative words in Spanish. What do they mean in English? nada - nadie - ninigún/ninguno(a) - ni....ni - nunca - tampoco -

nada - nothing nadie - no one ninigún/ninguno(a) - none,not any ni....ni - neither...nor nunca - never tampoco - neither, either

rascacielos

skyscraper

These verbs change differently in the yo form when in past tense. Conjugate them correctly. sacar changes to jugar becomes almorzar becomes

sáque jugué almorce

hervir

to boil

freir

to fry

doblar a la derecha

turn right

The verbs venir, querer, decir, and traer are irregular in the preterite. venir (to come) becomes querer (to want) becomes

vin- quis-

Write the sentences with the correct command and pronoun. Ex. - Ustedes/verduras frescas (comprar) Cómprenlas a. Usted/los ingredientes (buscar) _______________________________________________________________________ b. Used/los huevos freir (no freir) _______________________________________________________________________ c. Ustedes/el aceite (mezclar) _______________________________________________________________________ d. Usted/la sal (no añadir) ________________________________________________________________________

In affirmative commands, you attach object pronouns to the end of the verb. In negative commands, you place object pronouns before the verb and after no. a. Busquenlos b. No los franlos c. Mezclenlo d. No la añadala,

cuchillo

Knife

How do you conguagate the verbs buscar, pagar, and empezar as past tense using the pronoun tú?

Tú buscaste Tú pagaste Tú empezaste

Fill in the blanks below with the specific word. 1. Hoy no sirven espaguetis. ¡______ tienen espaguetis! (negativa) (Spaghetti is not served today. they ______ have spaghetti!) 2. Nadie pidió caldo, pero ______ pidió gazpacho. (afirmativa) (Nobody ordered broth, but ______ ordered soup.) 3. No veo al camarero. No hay _____ aquí para atender las mesas. (negativa) (I don't see the waiter. There is no _____ here to wait on the tables) 4. No hay pollo. _______ hay chueltas de cerdo. (negativa) (There is no chicken. _______ there are pork chops) 5. En el menú dice que hay ensalada. _______ hay espinacas. (afirmativa) (On the menu it says there is salad. _____ there is spinach)

1. Nunca 2. alguién 3. nadie 4. Tampoco 5. También

Rewrite the setences using both double object pronouns. (I.O. + D.O. + conjugated verb) 1. Le sirvo un té a la señora. 2. Piden una tarta de chocolate para ti. 3. Les trae más servilletas a Miriam y Mariana. 4. Le van a pedir la paella y una cuchara a la camarera.

1. Se lo sirvo 2. Te la piden 3. Se las traen 4. Se las van a pedir.

You form usted commands with the yo form of verbs in the present tense. Drop the -o and add the endings. Yo pruebo ---> Ud. ____________ , Uds. ____________ Yo como ----> Ud. __________, Uds. _____________ Yo añado ----> Ud. ___________, Uds. _______________

Add an e,en to ar verbs. Add a,an to er verbs. Ud. pruebe, Uds. prueben Ud. coma, Uds. coman Ud. añada, Uds. añadan

Make this command negative. Añada más sal. (Add more salt)

Add no before the verb to make commands negative. No añada más sal.

What do you do if both pronouns start with the letter l?

Change the indirect object pronoun to se.


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