SPE-300 Final Exam

The school team at Lakeview Elementary uses a discrepancy model to identify learning disabilities. This education team looks for what type of discrepancy in students to make this educational​ diagnosis? A. A discrepancy between intellectual ability​ (e.g., IQ) and student achievement​ (e.g., academic​ tests) B. A discrepancy between different academic achievement scores​ (e.g., math and reading​ scores) C. A discrepancy between types of intellectual ability​ (e.g., processing speed and​ reasoning) D. A discrepancy between a​ student's stated preferences and their achievement on academic tasks​ (e.g., reading and​ math).

A. A discrepancy between intellectual ability​ (e.g., IQ) and student achievement​ (e.g., academic​ tests)

When educators use the discrepancy model to identify students with learning​ disabilities, they are usually looking for what type of​ discrepancy? A. A discrepancy between intellectual ability​ (e.g., IQ) and student achievement​ (e.g., academic​ tests) B. A discrepancy between a​ student's stated preferences and their achievement on academic tasks​ (e.g., reading and​ math). C. A discrepancy between different academic achievement scores​ (e.g., math and reading​ scores) D. A discrepancy between types of intellectual ability​ (e.g., processing speed and​ reasoning)

A. A discrepancy between intellectual ability​ (e.g., IQ) and student achievement​ (e.g., academic​ tests)

One​ research-reported benefit of teaching mindfulness to teenagers with EBD includes which of the​ following? A. Aggressive behavior was found to reduce B. Teachers were found to be more responsive to student emotional and behavioral needs C. Depression symptoms were found to decrease D. Academic performance was found to increase

A. Aggressive behavior was found to reduce

Which of the following is NOT a choice schools could use to identify students with learning​ disabilities? A. Alternative, school-created procedures B. Response-to-intervention, to determine if the student responds to​ scientific, research-based intervention C. Alternative, research-based procedures D. Severe discrepancy between intellectual ability and achievement in oral​ expression, listening​ comprehension, written​ expression, basic reading​ skill, reading​ comprehension, mathematical​ calculation, or mathematical reasoning

A. Alternative, school-created procedures

Mr. Valdez is using (CBM) in his classroom. Which of the following is true about​ CBM? A. CBM are​ assessments, tied to Common Core​ standards, that allow teachers to identify what skills a student has mastered and those skills on which a student needs more instruction. It is used to select appropriate intervention strategies. B. CBM are specialized curricula for students with learning disabilities that allow teachers to work on skills a student has not mastered. It is used to remediate math and reading skills. C. CBM are curricula used in reading and math developed by the creators of Common Core standards that allow teachers to provide instruction closely aligned to the standards. It is used to teach math and reading. D. CBM are assessment tools that identify the presence of a SLD in reading or math. It is used to classify students as​ having, or not​ having, a learning disability in math​ and/or reading

A. CBM are​ assessments, tied to Common Core​ standards, that allow teachers to identify what skills a student has mastered and those skills on which a student needs more instruction. It is used to select appropriate intervention strategies.

Which of the following is NOT a cause of​ ADHD? A. Dietary issues. B. Environmental factors C. Brain differences D. Heredity

A. Dietary issues.

Providing instruction during naturally occurring activities throughout a​ day, rather than all at​ once, is referred to as what type of​ instruction? A. Embedded instruction B. Systematic instruction C. Community-based instruction D. Self-determined learning model of instruction

A. Embedded instruction

(TQ) Review of anecdotal​ records, collection of speech and language​ samples, hearing and vision​ screenings, curriculum-based​ assessments, and direct observation are which of the​ following? (ch.8) A. Information used by the​ speech-language pathologist to identify speech and language disorders B. Information used by the classroom teacher to identify speech and language disorders C. Information used by the parents to identify speech and language disorders D. Information used by the pediatrician to identify speech and language disorders

A. Information used by the​ speech-language pathologist to identify speech and language disorders

Today, public health officials suggest women take what action to reduce the risk of spina​ bifida? A. Ingesting folic acid supplements prior to and during pregnancy B. Avoiding contact with lead and lead paint prior to and during pregnancy C. Avoiding saunas and hot tubs during pregnancy D. Avoiding acne medication prior to and during pregnancy

A. Ingesting folic acid supplements prior to and during pregnancy

(TQ) The most frequent function or purpose of problem behaviors including aggression is which of the following? (ch. 12) A. Lack of ability to effectively communicate needs B. Lack of intellectual capacity C. Lack of appropriate discipline procedures D. Lack of a structured learning environment

A. Lack of ability to effectively communicate needs

(TQ) What type of Assessment is DABS? (ch.11) A. Norm-referenced test of adaptive behavior B. Norm-referenced test of intellectual ability C. Criterion-Referenced test of intellectual ability D. Criterion-Reference test of adaptive behavior

A. Norm-referenced test of adaptive behavior

ADHD is part of which IDEA disability​ category? A. Other Health Impairment B. Multiple Disabilities C. Intellectual Disability D. ADHD

A. Other Health Impairment

(TQ)Tom, a child with a speech & language disorder, says "cat drink!" Mr. Reynolds supports Tom's language development by keeping the basic meaning but changing the structure "I see the cat drinking!" This is an example of which strategy(ch.8): A. Recasting B. Event Casts C. Focused Contrast D. Expansion

A. Recasting

(TQ) Which of the following is not a criteria that must be present as​ social-communication deficits before a student may be classified as having​ autism, as defined in the DSM-5​? (ch.12) A. Social intelligence. B. Maintaining relationships C. Nonverbal communication D. Social-emotional reciprocity

A. Social intelligence.

Which of the following statements is true about the rates of inclusion for students with health impairments and PD? A.Students w/ PD are much more likely to be taught outside of gen ed settings than students w/ health​ impairments, although they can easily access and make progress in such settings when provided supports. B.Students w/ PD are much more likely to be taught outside of gen ed settings than students w/ health​ impairments, and their inclusion is unlikely to be successful because of the many supports they require. C.Students w/ health impairments are much more likely to be taught outside of gen ed settings than students w/ PD and their inclusion is unlikely to be successful because of the many supports they require. D.Students w/ health impairments are much more likely to be taught outside of gen ed settings than students w/ PD, likely because of the high risk of hospitalization of this group of studen

A. Students with physical disabilities are much more likely to be taught outside of general education settings than students with health​ impairments, although they can easily access and make progress in such settings when provided supports.

The Pyramid Model of PBS is defined​ as: A. a positive behavior support system for young children​ (infants and​ toddlers). B. a positive behavior support system for transition aged youth​ (ages 18-21). C. a positive behavior support system for​ school-aged children​ (K-12). D. a positive behavior support system for children with autism of all ages.

A. a positive behavior support system for young children​ (infants and​ toddlers).

The domain of adaptive behavior that includes skills such as​ language, money, and​ self-direction is: A. conceptual skills. B. practical skills. C. social skills. D. functional skills.

A. conceptual skills.

Ms. Jackson teaches vocabulary to her students by explicitly teaching students how the information they already know about living things compares to what they are learning about​ non-living things. This strategy is known as​ using: A. graphic organizers. B. scaffolded retrieval. C. inferential acquisition. D. over-correction.

A. graphic organizers.

Leila has a visual impairment and cannot learn from clues in pictures and other visual aids. A strategy to provide context for Leila​ is: A. incorporate​ tactile/kinesthetic learning and experiential activities. B. enlarge the font and pictures for students with​ low-vision. C. provide​ one-on-one instruction. D. provide different materials to students with​ low-vision.

A. incorporate​ tactile/kinesthetic learning and experiential activities.

According to​ IDEA, physical disabilities are referred to​ as: A. orthopedic impairment. B. multiple disabilities. C. other health impairment. D. physical disabilities.

A. orthopedic impairment.

A process of IEP development that focuses on the​ student's and​ family's dreams is a process​ called: A. person-centered planning. B. self-determination. C. the SETT framework. D. student-directed learning.

A. person-centered planning.

(TQ) Hearing loss that is caused by a problem in the inner near​ (such as the cochlea or auditory​ nerve) is referred to​ as: (ch. 15) A. sensorineural hearing loss. B. conductive hearing loss. C. intractable hearing loss. D. mixed hearing loss.

A. sensorineural hearing loss.

One of the most common approaches to treating students with ADHD​ is: A. stimulant​ medications, to help decrease​ hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention. B. depressant​ medications, to help decrease​ hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention. C. No medication has been approved by the FDA to effectively treat ADHD. D. rigorous exercise programs and the elimination of sugar.

A. stimulant​ medications, to help decrease​ hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention.

Which process is NOT part of a functional behavior​ assessment? A. Gathering information from​ teachers, staff,​ families, and students B. ADOS or ADI assessment C. Observation of students D. Hypothesizing the purpose​ (function) of the problem behavior

B. ADOS or ADI assessment

Andrew's educational team suspects he has a learning disability because of his imperfect ability to​ read, write, and​ spell, suggesting Andrew has dyslexia. In reviewing​ Andrew's records, the team discovers Andrew has​ below-average intellectual abilities. The team​ decides: A. Andrew is eligible for classification of a learning​ disability, due to dyslexia and​ below-average intellectual ability. B. Andrew is not eligible for classification of a learning​ disability, because his learning disorder is primarily a result of intellectual disability. C. Andrew is eligible for classification of a learning​ disability, due to dyslexia. D.Andrew is not eligible for classification of a learning​ disability, because he fails to meet both the inclusionary and exclusionary standards for learning disability.

B. Andrew is not eligible for classification of a learning​ disability, because his learning disorder is primarily a result of intellectual disability.

What type of assessment is used to determine the​ student's ability to produce speech​ sounds? A. Fluency assessment B. Articulation assessment C. Language assessment D. Voice assessment

B. Articulation assessment

Which of the following experiences is more likely for students with emotional or behavioral disorder​ (EBD) compared to other students with​ disabilities? A. Being hospitalized B. Being arrested C. Being placed on the honor roll D. Getting pregnant

B. Being arrested

(TQ)A student who has a conductive loss would benefit most from which type of hearing​ aid? (ch.15) A. Earmold B. Bone-anchored hearing aid C. Behind-the-ear hearing aid D. Cochlear implant

B. Bone-anchored hearing aid

(TQ)An initial evaluation tool used to determine whether a student has ADHD​ is: (ch.10) A. Attention Deficit Disorders Evaluation Scales. B. Conners' Rating Scales. C. WISC-III. D. Behavioral and Emotional Rating Scale

B. Conners' Rating Scales.

As a​ teacher, you notice that​ Adam, a student with​ ADHD, consistently turns in assignments that seem rushed. He makes a lot of​ errors, and his work is often incomplete. What is one strategy you should use with​ Adam? A. Send frequent notes to​ Adam's parents, expressing your concern and disappointment in his progress. B. Ensure he understands instructions and adjust the length of the assignment to what is reasonable for him to complete in a specified time period. C. Keep Adam in from​ recess, or after​ school, to correct and complete his work. D. Assign him failing grades so he learns to be more responsible.

B. Ensure he understands instructions and adjust the length of the assignment to what is reasonable for him to complete in a specified time period.

(TQ) Which term refers to the area that people can visually detect when looking straight​ ahead? A. Tunnel vision B. Field of vision C. Visual acuity D. Visual frame

B. Field of vision

Betty's pattern of behaviors includes​ withdrawal, depression,​ anxiety, obsessions, and compulsions. Which of the following is Betty likely​ experiencing? A. Externalizing problem behaviors. B. Internalizing problem behaviors C. Oppositional defiance D. Conduct disorder

B. Internalizing problem behaviors

Lorenzo has a difficult time understanding communication that he hears. What type of disorder does Lorenzo​ experience? A. Language disorder B. Receptive language disorder C. Hearing disorder D. Speech disorder

B. Receptive language disorder

(TQ) Each of the following is an example of a self-care skill, except: (ch.13) A. Eating B. Safely navigating the school environment C. Managing clothing D. Going to the bathroom

B. Safely navigating the school environment

Ms. Roberts is teaching Jordan to sit in his chair with all legs of the chair on the​ floor; in other​ words, not to lean back in the chair so that there is a risk of tipping over. Ms. Roberts has taken pictures of Jordan sitting correctly in the​ chair, and prompts Jordan to review those pictures before he returns to his seat. This is an example of what kind of​ strategy? A. Picture exchange system B. Self-modeling C. Self-instruction D. Self-monitoring

B. Self-modeling

Thomas has difficulty producing sounds as well as disorders of voice quality or fluency of speech. What type of disorder does Thomas appear to​ experience? A. Expressive language disorder B. Speech disorder C. Language disorder D. Receptive language disorder

B. Speech disorder

Which of the following statements is NOT true about the​ behavioral, emotional, and social characteristics of students with​ ADHD? A. Students with ADHD have a greater likelihood of having fewer close friends and more peer rejection. B. Students with ADHD are more likely to act aggressively when frustrated. C. Students with ADHD are more likely to experience oppositional defiant disorder​ and/or conduct disorder. D. Students with ADHD commonly have difficulty managing their positive and negative emotions

B. Students with ADHD are more likely to act aggressively when frustrated.

Which statement about paraprofessionals is​ true? A. Paraprofessionals are required to receive training and preparation prior to beginning their work with students. B. There is an​ over-reliance on paraprofessionals in U.S. schools today. C. Assigning paraprofessionals to support students with disabilities improves their academic skill development D. There are more licensed teachers than paraprofessionals working in U.S. schools.

B. There is an​ over-reliance on paraprofessionals in U.S. schools today.

All of the following are examples of the expanded core curriculum for students with visual​ impairment, except​: A. compensatory and communication skills. B. functional vision assessment. C. social and interaction skills. D. ​self-determination skills.

B. functional vision assessment.

One of the main components of DBT is: A. journaling B. skill development focused on both acceptance and change C. skill development focused on conflict resolution through empathy teaching D. medication

B. skill development focused on both acceptance and change

Nathan has a form of cerebral palsy in which the muscles in his arms and legs are tight and​ stiff, limiting his mobility. This is referred to as which form of cerebral​ palsy? (ch. 7) A. athetoid. B. spastic. C. ataxic. D. dyskinetic.

B. spastic.

Lars needs movement breaks to complete tasks at school. He may​ need: A. classroom ecology. B. task modifications. C. spatial accommodations. D. to learn in a separate environment.

B. task modifications.

Making individual sounds visible when teaching literacy to students who are deaf or hard of hearing is known​ as: A. visual decoding. B. visual phonics. C. visual comprehension. D. visual fluency.

B. visual phonics.

When the ​DSM-5 was​ published, each of the following were removed as discrete conditions in​ autism, except which​ one? A. Childhood disintegrative disorder B. Asperger syndrome C. Autism spectrum disorder D. Rett disorder

C. Autism spectrum disorder

Although all students can have​ EBD, which groups of students continue to be​ over-identified as having​ EBD? A. Girls B. Asian Students C. Black students D. White students

C. Black students

Cara's educational team suspects she has a learning disability because of her imperfect ability to​ read, write, and​ spell, suggesting Cara has dyslexia. In reviewing​ Cara's records, the team discovers Cara has a vision impairment. The team​ decides: A. Cara is eligible for classification of a learning​ disability, due to dyslexia and vision impairment. B. Cara is eligible for classification of a learning​ disability, due to dyslexia. C. Cara is not eligible for classification of a learning​ disability, because her learning disorder is primarily a result of her vision impairment. D. Cara is not eligible for classification of a learning​ disability, because she fails to meet both the inclusionary and exclusionary standards for learning disability.

C. Cara is not eligible for classification of a learning​ disability, because her learning disorder is primarily a result of her vision impairment.

(TQ)Conner has ADHD. Which statement is most likely to be true about Conner's intellectual functioning and academic achievement? (ch. 10) A. Conner has intellectual deficits and thus has lower academic achievement. B. Conner has average intelligence and has academic achievement that is on par with other students who do not have disabilities. C. Conner has average intelligence but still experiences lower academic achievement than students without disabilities D. Conner has above average intellectual ability but has lower academic achievement due to his impulsivity and inattention.

C. Conner has average intelligence but still experiences lower academic achievement than students without disabilities

Behaviors that include​ withdrawal, depression,​ anxiety, obsessions, and compulsions are which of the​ following? A. Conduct disorder B. Oppositional defiance disorder C. Internalizing D. Externalizing

C. Internalizing

(TQ)Consider the characteristics of students with a learning disability. Which of the following is​ true? (ch. 7) A. Learning disability is more common for girls than boys. B. Learning disability is more likely to be classified in Asian than Black or Hispanic students. C. Learning disability is the most common disability in the U.S. D. Learning disability is a relatively uncommon disability in the U.S.

C. Learning disability is the most common disability in the U.S.

Danny demonstrates a pattern of​ negativistic, hostile,​ disobedient, and defiant behaviors. What is Danny likely​ experiencing? A. Conduct disorder B. Bipolar disorder C. Oppositional defiant disorder D. Anxiety disorder

C. Oppositional defiant disorder

Michael is a person with autism. He has an extraordinary ability to name the days of the week when given a date​ (such as November​ 13, 1954). This is known as what type of​ ability? A. Sensory disorders B. Repetitive behavior C. Savant syndrome D. Theory of mind

C. Savant syndrome

Which of the following statements about visual impairments and incidental learning is​ true? A. Incidental learning has a limited impact on how children with visual impairment learn new skills. B. Visual impairment usually prevents children from acquiring skills. C. Students with visual disabilities will need other forms of​ instruction, such as tactile​ exploration, to learn information that sighted people learn incidentally through observation. D. Students with visual disabilities are a fairly homogenous group with very similar characteristics.

C. Students with visual disabilities will need other forms of​ instruction, such as tactile​ exploration, to learn information that sighted people learn incidentally through observation.

(TQ) Which strategy is NOT a​ research-based practice for training paraprofessionals to support students with​ disabilities? (ch. 13) A.Written instruction B. Modeling C. Train and hope D. Oral descriptions

C. Train and hope

A useful procedure for determining the strengths and needs of older students and planning services and supports for them​ is: A. ​community-based learning. B. universal design for learning. C. Transition Planning​ Inventory-2. D. functional curriculum.

C. Transition Planning​ Inventory-2.

Limitations in adaptive behavior and intelligence are conceptualized​ as: A. an inherent part of a person. B. an immutable set of deficits that lead to a​ student's need for ongoing support and services. C. an outcome of the interaction between a person and the environment in which that person is functioning. D. a medical model of disability.

C. an outcome of the interaction between a person and the environment in which that person is functioning.

Activities that​ speech-language pathologists engage in while working in schools include each of the​ following, ​except: A. activities as members of the community of educators. B. Indirect services to implement​ students' education programs. C. direct services to teachers and parents. D. direct services to support students in the general education curriculum.

C. direct services to teachers and parents.

SLPs engage a variety of activities while working in schools. Their activities include each of the​ following, ​except: A. indirect services to implement​ students' education programs. B. activities as members of the community of educators. C. direct services to teachers and parents. D. direct services to support students in the general education curriculum.

C. direct services to teachers and parents.

(TQ) The type of spina bifida in which the spinal cord protrudes from the back in a sac at birth is known as: A. Meningocelem B. Occulta C. myelomeningocele D. Nervosa

C. myelomeningocele

Embedding a photograph of a​ car, next to the printed word​ 'car,' is an example​ of: A. response prompt. B. systematic instruction. C. stimulus prompt. D. consequence.

C. stimulus prompt.

Mrs. Lopez plans to evaluate​ Jenny's communication skills. Jenny is a nonverbal communicator. What must Mrs. Lopez do to assess Jenny most​ accurately? A. Assess​ Jenny's written and verbal skills with equal measure B. Provide Jenny with​ pictures, or​ icons, that convey common​ messages; Jenny's ability to accurately and fluently use these messages will form the basis of her assessment. C. Use​ standardized, norm-referenced assessments D. Assess​ Jenny's forms of​ communication, such as eye​ gaze, body​ language, and facial expressions to determine the purpose​ (function) of these forms of communication

D. Assess​ Jenny's forms of​ communication, such as eye​ gaze, body​ language, and facial expressions to determine the purpose​ (function) of these forms of communication

Ms. Jones works in a school that uses the​ response-to-intervention model to assess learning disability. She has referred Jamie to the school psychologist for possible learning disability. Ms. Jones used the following criteria to make this​ referral: A. Jamie does not respond to verbal instructions within an average response time. B. Jamie has not made adequate yearly progress. C. Jamie's overall intellectual ability is higher than her level of achievement. D. Jamie is not responding to​ scientific, evidence-based instruction.

D. Jamie is not responding to​ scientific, evidence-based instruction.

(TQ) Danny demonstrates a pattern of​ negativistic, hostile,​ disobedient, and defiant behaviors. What is Danny likely​ experiencing? (ch.9) A. Anxiety disorder B. Conduct disorder C. Bipolar disorder D. Oppositional defiant disorder

D. Oppositional defiant disorder

(TQ) Max tells his teacher the kinds of accommodations he needs in the classroom. This is an example of what kind of​ skill? A. Self-motivation B. ​Self-monitoring C. Self-reliance D. Self-advocacy

D. Self-advocacy

A student who has stiff muscles in his arms and legs has which form of cerebral​ palsy? A. Athetoid B. Dyskinetic C. Ataxic D. Spastic

D. Spastic

Marcus has features of both inattention and​ hyperactivity-impulsivity. What type of ADHD does Marcus​ have? A. The multimodal type of ADHD B. The mixed type of ADHD C. The concurrent type of ADHD D. The combined type of ADHD

D. The combined type of ADHD

(TQ) When considering people with multiple​ disabilities, which of the follow statements is true​? A. They are fairly homogeneous in regard to interests and​ preferences, but heterogeneous in regard to capabilities and needs. B. They are heterogeneous in regard to interests and​ preferences, but fairly homogeneous in regard to capabilities and needs. C. They are a fairly homogeneous​ group, due to their severe educational needs. D. They are as diverse as people who do not have disabilities.

D. They are as diverse as people who do not have disabilities.

A strategy to support a student who makes a lot of errors and turns in incomplete work​ is: A. assign failing grades so the student learns to be more responsible. B. keep the student in from recess or after school to correct and complete work. C. send frequent notes to the​ student's parents, expressing your concern and disappointment in his or her progress. D. ensure the student understands instructions and adjust the length of the assignment to what is reasonable to complete in a specified time period.

D. ensure the student understands instructions and adjust the length of the assignment to what is reasonable to complete in a specified time period.

(TQ) All of the following are possible consequences for children who are born with hearing loss but do not have access to early spoken or signed​ language, except​: (ch.15) A. spelling difficulties. B. language delay. C. reading difficulties. D. math difficulties.

D. math difficulties.

(TQ) The ability to recall information that has been stored for a few seconds to a few hours is referred to​ as: A. working memory. B. generalization. C. ​long-term memory. D. short-term memory.

D. short-term memory.