Spec. Periodic Table - Metals

distillation

boiling a liquid to create vapor which is collected when cooled separate from the original liquid

Characteristic properties of nonmetals

brittle, dull, low melting/boiling points, poor conductors of heat and electricity, neither malleable or ductile, gas at room temp (some are solids),

Mixture

contains two or more types of particles that retain their own characteristic properties, can be separated by physical means, homogenous and heterogenous

Extensive Property

depends on the amount of matter, varies from sample to sample (mass, volume, length)

Metalloids/semimetals

elements that can have properties of both metals and nonmetals, or a mix between properties of metals and nonmetal

Group/Families

elements that have similar properties are aligned in vertical columns

Compound

formed when 2 or more elements chemically combine to form new substance with new characteristic properties, not all particles from same atom, only can be molecule, have fixed mass ratios

Characteristic properties of metals

luster, malleability, good conductors of heat and electricity, ductile, high density, usually solid at room temp. (not mercury), high melting/boiling points, can be magnetic

quantitative

measurable property of matter (she is 5 foot tall)

Variable composition

not necessarily uniformed throughout the sample

qualitative

observed property of matter that cannot be measured (she is pretty)

Argon

Ar, nonmetal, noble gas

Bromine

Br, nonmetal, halogen

Carbon

C, nonmetal

Flourine

F, nonmetal, halogen

Iron

Fe, transition metal

Pure Substances

Fixed composition, one set of characteristic physical properties (boiling, mp, bp), cannot be separated by physical means, particles are identical, element + compound

Alkali metals

Group 1A

Alkaline earth metals

Group 2A

Halogens

Group 7A

Noble gases

Group 8A

Hydrogen

H, nonmetal

Helium

He, nonmetal, noble gas

Mercury

Hg, transition metal

Periods

Horizontal rows on the table

Iodine

I, nonmetal, halogen

Intensive Property (Characteristic Property)

Identical in all samples of given substance, used to identify substances (density at specific temp, melting/boiling point, color)

Potassium

K, alkali metal

Krypton

Kr, nonmetal, noble gas

Tin

Sn, metal

Decantation

process in removing water above sediment (placing separated water in another beaker)

Physical properties

properties that can be observed + measured w/o changing identity (mass, volume, color, physical state, melting/boiling point, temperature, density

Filtration

separation of finer impurities from decantate using filter paper

Zinc

Zn, transition metal

Sedimentation

when heavier component in mixture settles (muddy water--> mud settles at bottom)

Heterogenous

you can see different components of the mixture, no chemical bond, may exist in more than one phase, variable properties (mixture)

Homogenous

you cannot see the different components, also called solution/alloy, can be mixture of elements, compounds, or both, exists in one phase, uniformed properties throughout

Sodium

Na, alkali metal

Neon

Ne, nonmetal, noble gas

Nickel

Ni, transition metal

Oxygen

O, nonmetal

Phosporus

P, nonmetal

Lead

Pb, metal

Palladium

Pd, transition metal

Platinum

Pt, transition metal

Silver

Ag, transition metal

Aluminum

Al, metal

Arsenic

As, metalloid/semimetal

Gold

Au, transition metal

Boron

B, metalloid/semimetal

Barium

Ba, alkaline earth metal

Beryllium

Be, alkaline earth metal

Calcium

Ca, alkaline earth metal

Chlorine

Cl, nonmetal, halogen

Cobalt

Co, transition metal

Chromium

Cr, transition metal

Cesium

Cs, alkali metal

Copper

Cu, transition metal

Nitrogen

N, nonmetal

Lithium

Li, alkali metal

Magnesium

Mg, alkaline earth metal

Manganese

Mn, transition metal

Radon

Rn, nonmetal, noble gas

Sulfur

S, nonmetal

Antimony

Sb, metalloid/semimetal

Silicon

Si, metalloid/semimetal

Strontium

Sr, alkaline earth metal

Elements

Substance with unique characteristic/intensive properties, smallest particle is the atom, particles of 7 are the diatomic molecules (pure substance)

Titanium

Ti, transition metal

Term for elements in the B groups

Transition metals and inner transition metals (Lanthanide and Actinide Series)

Uranium

U, metal, actinide series

Periodic Law

When elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, their physical and chemical properties show a periodic pattern

Xenon

Xe, nonmetal, noble gas