Spec. Periodic Table - Metals
distillation
boiling a liquid to create vapor which is collected when cooled separate from the original liquid
Characteristic properties of nonmetals
brittle, dull, low melting/boiling points, poor conductors of heat and electricity, neither malleable or ductile, gas at room temp (some are solids),
Mixture
contains two or more types of particles that retain their own characteristic properties, can be separated by physical means, homogenous and heterogenous
Extensive Property
depends on the amount of matter, varies from sample to sample (mass, volume, length)
Metalloids/semimetals
elements that can have properties of both metals and nonmetals, or a mix between properties of metals and nonmetal
Group/Families
elements that have similar properties are aligned in vertical columns
Compound
formed when 2 or more elements chemically combine to form new substance with new characteristic properties, not all particles from same atom, only can be molecule, have fixed mass ratios
Characteristic properties of metals
luster, malleability, good conductors of heat and electricity, ductile, high density, usually solid at room temp. (not mercury), high melting/boiling points, can be magnetic
quantitative
measurable property of matter (she is 5 foot tall)
Variable composition
not necessarily uniformed throughout the sample
qualitative
observed property of matter that cannot be measured (she is pretty)
Argon
Ar, nonmetal, noble gas
Bromine
Br, nonmetal, halogen
Carbon
C, nonmetal
Flourine
F, nonmetal, halogen
Iron
Fe, transition metal
Pure Substances
Fixed composition, one set of characteristic physical properties (boiling, mp, bp), cannot be separated by physical means, particles are identical, element + compound
Alkali metals
Group 1A
Alkaline earth metals
Group 2A
Halogens
Group 7A
Noble gases
Group 8A
Hydrogen
H, nonmetal
Helium
He, nonmetal, noble gas
Mercury
Hg, transition metal
Periods
Horizontal rows on the table
Iodine
I, nonmetal, halogen
Intensive Property (Characteristic Property)
Identical in all samples of given substance, used to identify substances (density at specific temp, melting/boiling point, color)
Potassium
K, alkali metal
Krypton
Kr, nonmetal, noble gas
Tin
Sn, metal
Decantation
process in removing water above sediment (placing separated water in another beaker)
Physical properties
properties that can be observed + measured w/o changing identity (mass, volume, color, physical state, melting/boiling point, temperature, density
Filtration
separation of finer impurities from decantate using filter paper
Zinc
Zn, transition metal
Sedimentation
when heavier component in mixture settles (muddy water--> mud settles at bottom)
Heterogenous
you can see different components of the mixture, no chemical bond, may exist in more than one phase, variable properties (mixture)
Homogenous
you cannot see the different components, also called solution/alloy, can be mixture of elements, compounds, or both, exists in one phase, uniformed properties throughout
Sodium
Na, alkali metal
Neon
Ne, nonmetal, noble gas
Nickel
Ni, transition metal
Oxygen
O, nonmetal
Phosporus
P, nonmetal
Lead
Pb, metal
Palladium
Pd, transition metal
Platinum
Pt, transition metal
Silver
Ag, transition metal
Aluminum
Al, metal
Arsenic
As, metalloid/semimetal
Gold
Au, transition metal
Boron
B, metalloid/semimetal
Barium
Ba, alkaline earth metal
Beryllium
Be, alkaline earth metal
Calcium
Ca, alkaline earth metal
Chlorine
Cl, nonmetal, halogen
Cobalt
Co, transition metal
Chromium
Cr, transition metal
Cesium
Cs, alkali metal
Copper
Cu, transition metal
Nitrogen
N, nonmetal
Lithium
Li, alkali metal
Magnesium
Mg, alkaline earth metal
Manganese
Mn, transition metal
Radon
Rn, nonmetal, noble gas
Sulfur
S, nonmetal
Antimony
Sb, metalloid/semimetal
Silicon
Si, metalloid/semimetal
Strontium
Sr, alkaline earth metal
Elements
Substance with unique characteristic/intensive properties, smallest particle is the atom, particles of 7 are the diatomic molecules (pure substance)
Titanium
Ti, transition metal
Term for elements in the B groups
Transition metals and inner transition metals (Lanthanide and Actinide Series)
Uranium
U, metal, actinide series
Periodic Law
When elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, their physical and chemical properties show a periodic pattern
Xenon
Xe, nonmetal, noble gas