SPECIAL SENSES

bloodshot eyes

- Dilation and congestion of the blood vessels of the bulbar conjunctiva due to local irritation/infection

vallate papillae

- form an inverted v-shaped row at the back of the tongue - Houses 100-300 taste buds

palpebrae fissure

- space between the upper and lower eyelids exposing the eyeballs

LYZOSOME

1.) - Protective bacterial enzyme

SEBACIOUS CILIARY GLANDS

1.) base of the hair follicles of the eyelashes - Release a lubricating fluid into follicles

lacrimal glands

1.) size and shape of an almond

LARCIMAL PUNCTA

1.) surface of the eyeball to enter two small openings then passing to the two ducts: inferior and superior lacrimal canaliculi which leads to the lacrimal sac into the nasolacrimal duct (carries the lacrimal fluid into the nasal cavity)

3 KINDS OF CELL IN OLFACTORY EPITHELIUM

Basal cell, Olfactory receptor cell, supporting cell

odorants

Chemicals that bind to and stimulate olfactory receptors in the olfactory cilia

papillae

Elevations of the tongue which increase the surface area and provide a rough structure to the tongue.

EXCRETORY LACRIMAL DUCTS

Empty tears onto the surface of the conjuctiva of the upper lid

NERVE IMPULSES

GUSTATORY NUCLEUS to the LIMBIC SYSTEM to the HYPOTHALAMUS and the THALAMUS to PRIMARY GUSTATORY AREA

FULLATE PAPILLAE

Located in small trenches on the lateral margins of the tongue - Degenerate in early childhood.

UNGIFORM PAPILLAE

Mushroom-shaped elevations scattered over the entire surface of the tongue - Contains 5 taste buds each

TASTE BUDS

OVAL BODY CONSISTING OF:

tarsal glands

Row of elongated modified sebaceous glands

Ophthalmology

Science that deals with the eyes and their disorders.

EYELIDS/PALPABRAE

Shade the eyes during sleep, protect the eyes from excessive light and foreign objects. - the upper eyelid is more moveable and the lower contains the LEVATOR PALPEBRAE SUPERIORIS

BASAL CELLS

Stem cell located between the bases of the supporting cells. · Undergo cell divison to produce new olfactory receptor

TESTANS

Stimulate gustatory receptor cells. once dissolved in saliva, it can make contact with the plasma membrane of the GUSTATORY MICROVILLI

supporting cells (gustation)

Surround about 50 gustatory receptor cells

3 KINDS OF PAPILLAE:

Vallate papillae, fungiform papillae, fullate papillae

medial commissure

broader and nearer the nasal bone

SUPPORTING CELLS

columnar epithelial cells of the mucous membrane lining nose

GLOMERULI

contain ball-like arrangements called

lacrimal caruncle

contains sebaceous glands and sweat glands

OLFACTORY RECEPTOR CELLS

first-order neurons of the olfactory pathway · Bipolar neuron with an exposed knob-shaped dendrite

GUSTATORY MICROVILI

from each gustatory receptor cell to external surface through the taste pore

DACRYOCYSTITIS

infection of the lacrimal sacs

lateral commissure

its angles which is narrower and closer the temporal bone and the medial commissure

GUSTATORY RECEPTOR CELLS

lifespan of 10 days

olfactory epithelium

occupies the superior part of the nasal cavity

taste buds

opening in taste buds

OLFACTORY GLANDS/BOWMANS GLANDS

produce mucus carried to the surface of epithelium by ducts.

GUSTATORY MICROVILLI

site of taste transduction)

olfactory cilia

sites of olfactory transduction

CHALAZION

small bump, infection of the tarsal glands produces a tumor of cyst in the eyes

BASAL CELLS

stem cells found at the periphery of the taste bud near connective tissue layer

tarsal plate

thick fold of connective tissue that gives form and support to the eyelids

conjuctiva

thin, protective mucous membrane composed of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

VAGUS NERVE (X)

· - Serves in throat and epiglottis.

PALPEBRAL CONJUCTIVA

· Lines the inner aspect of the eyelids

bulbar conjuctiva

· Passes from the eyelids onto the surface of the eyeball

MITRAL CELLS

· Second order of neurons of the olfactory pathway.

FACIAL NERVE (VII)

· Serves taste buds in the anterior two-thirds of the tongue

ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION

· energy in the form of waves that radiates from the sun. such as gamma rays, x-rays, uv rays, micorwaves and etc.

ORBITOFRONTAL CORTEX

· pathway extends via the thalamus - right hemisphere exhibits greater activity during olfactory processing than the left hemisphere

GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE (IX)

· serves taste buds posterior one-third of the tongue