SPECIAL SENSES
bloodshot eyes
- Dilation and congestion of the blood vessels of the bulbar conjunctiva due to local irritation/infection
vallate papillae
- form an inverted v-shaped row at the back of the tongue - Houses 100-300 taste buds
palpebrae fissure
- space between the upper and lower eyelids exposing the eyeballs
LYZOSOME
1.) - Protective bacterial enzyme
SEBACIOUS CILIARY GLANDS
1.) base of the hair follicles of the eyelashes - Release a lubricating fluid into follicles
lacrimal glands
1.) size and shape of an almond
LARCIMAL PUNCTA
1.) surface of the eyeball to enter two small openings then passing to the two ducts: inferior and superior lacrimal canaliculi which leads to the lacrimal sac into the nasolacrimal duct (carries the lacrimal fluid into the nasal cavity)
3 KINDS OF CELL IN OLFACTORY EPITHELIUM
Basal cell, Olfactory receptor cell, supporting cell
odorants
Chemicals that bind to and stimulate olfactory receptors in the olfactory cilia
papillae
Elevations of the tongue which increase the surface area and provide a rough structure to the tongue.
EXCRETORY LACRIMAL DUCTS
Empty tears onto the surface of the conjuctiva of the upper lid
NERVE IMPULSES
GUSTATORY NUCLEUS to the LIMBIC SYSTEM to the HYPOTHALAMUS and the THALAMUS to PRIMARY GUSTATORY AREA
FULLATE PAPILLAE
Located in small trenches on the lateral margins of the tongue - Degenerate in early childhood.
UNGIFORM PAPILLAE
Mushroom-shaped elevations scattered over the entire surface of the tongue - Contains 5 taste buds each
TASTE BUDS
OVAL BODY CONSISTING OF:
tarsal glands
Row of elongated modified sebaceous glands
Ophthalmology
Science that deals with the eyes and their disorders.
EYELIDS/PALPABRAE
Shade the eyes during sleep, protect the eyes from excessive light and foreign objects. - the upper eyelid is more moveable and the lower contains the LEVATOR PALPEBRAE SUPERIORIS
BASAL CELLS
Stem cell located between the bases of the supporting cells. · Undergo cell divison to produce new olfactory receptor
TESTANS
Stimulate gustatory receptor cells. once dissolved in saliva, it can make contact with the plasma membrane of the GUSTATORY MICROVILLI
supporting cells (gustation)
Surround about 50 gustatory receptor cells
3 KINDS OF PAPILLAE:
Vallate papillae, fungiform papillae, fullate papillae
medial commissure
broader and nearer the nasal bone
SUPPORTING CELLS
columnar epithelial cells of the mucous membrane lining nose
GLOMERULI
contain ball-like arrangements called
lacrimal caruncle
contains sebaceous glands and sweat glands
OLFACTORY RECEPTOR CELLS
first-order neurons of the olfactory pathway · Bipolar neuron with an exposed knob-shaped dendrite
GUSTATORY MICROVILI
from each gustatory receptor cell to external surface through the taste pore
DACRYOCYSTITIS
infection of the lacrimal sacs
lateral commissure
its angles which is narrower and closer the temporal bone and the medial commissure
GUSTATORY RECEPTOR CELLS
lifespan of 10 days
olfactory epithelium
occupies the superior part of the nasal cavity
taste buds
opening in taste buds
OLFACTORY GLANDS/BOWMANS GLANDS
produce mucus carried to the surface of epithelium by ducts.
GUSTATORY MICROVILLI
site of taste transduction)
olfactory cilia
sites of olfactory transduction
CHALAZION
small bump, infection of the tarsal glands produces a tumor of cyst in the eyes
BASAL CELLS
stem cells found at the periphery of the taste bud near connective tissue layer
tarsal plate
thick fold of connective tissue that gives form and support to the eyelids
conjuctiva
thin, protective mucous membrane composed of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
VAGUS NERVE (X)
· - Serves in throat and epiglottis.
PALPEBRAL CONJUCTIVA
· Lines the inner aspect of the eyelids
bulbar conjuctiva
· Passes from the eyelids onto the surface of the eyeball
MITRAL CELLS
· Second order of neurons of the olfactory pathway.
FACIAL NERVE (VII)
· Serves taste buds in the anterior two-thirds of the tongue
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
· energy in the form of waves that radiates from the sun. such as gamma rays, x-rays, uv rays, micorwaves and etc.
ORBITOFRONTAL CORTEX
· pathway extends via the thalamus - right hemisphere exhibits greater activity during olfactory processing than the left hemisphere
GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE (IX)
· serves taste buds posterior one-third of the tongue