Specific Heat

Convection

Transfer of heat energy due to density differences

4 types of greenhouse gasses

Water vapor (h2o), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide, (N2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2)

During which phase change of water is the most energy released into the environment?

Water vapor condensing

Radiation

transfer of EME through space in the form of transverse waves. **no medium is required for this transfer of energy

Conduction

transfer of heat energy due to molecular collision

Which process requires the most absorption of energy by water?

vaporizing 1 gram of liquid water

The same amount of heat energy is added to equal masses of Lead, Iron, Basalt, and water at room temperature. Assuming no phase change takes place, which substances will have the smallest change in temperature?

water

Reflect

when light bounces off a surface

refract

when light gets bent

Give the two phase changes that release energy

Condensation and freezing

What type of relationship does kinetic energy and temperature have?

Direct relationship

Which statement best explains why water in a glass becomes colder when ice cubes are added?

Heat flows from the water to the ice cubes

Equal masses of Basalt, Granite, Iron and Lead received the same amount of solar energy during the day.. At night which of these materials would cool down at the fastest rate

Lead

What is a joule?

The unit of measurement in the SI (the improved metric unit) system. It is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree celsius

Heat

Thermal energy that is transferred from one substance to another

specific heat

The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius

5 gram samples of Granite, Basalt, Iron, and copper at room temperature are placed in a beaker of boiling water. Which sample would reach a temperature of 60* C first?

basalt

Liquid water can store more heat energy than an equal amount of any other naturally occurring substance because liquid water

has the higher specific heat

When an object reflects most of the light that hits it, it looks bright and has a ____ albedo.

high

Hot things ___ and cold things ___

hot things rise (lower density) and cold things sink (higher density)

Which process requires water to gain 334 joules of energy per gram?

melting

Give the two phase changes that gain energy

melting and vaporizing

When these particles are sufficiently large, we notice their presence as they ____ scatter and ____ absorb sunlight. Their scattering of sunlight can ____ visibility (haze) and redden sunrises and sunsets.

scatter, absorb, reduce

Sun's rays are

short rays

Density at 3.98* Celsius

1.0 g/mL

How many joules of heat energy are released by each gram of water vapor that condenses to form cloud droplets?

2,260

How many joules are required to evaporate 1 gram of boiling water?

2,260 J

Which energy statement is correct when 10 grams of water vapor condenses?

22,600 J

Heat energy gained during vaporization

2260 J/g

Heat energy released during condensation

2260 J/g

What is the total number of joules required to melt 100 grams of ice at 0* C to liquid water at 0*C?

33,400

Heat Energy Gained During Melting

334 J/g

Heat energy released during freezing

334 J/g

How many joules of heat energy are required to evaporate 2 grams of water from a lake surface (its ok to look at reference table)

4,520

Large oceans moderate the climatic temperatures of surrounding coastal land areas because the temperature of ocean water changes

slowly due to waters high specific heat

Conduction works best in what phase and why?

solids because molecules are packed tightly together

Heat always flows from the...

source (hotter object) to the sink (cooler object)

After sunset, what can be expected with the cooling rate of soil compared to the cooling rate of water?

the soil will cool faster because it has a lower specific heat

When water changes to ice, its density decreased because

the water volume expanded as it changed to ice

Aerosols

tiny particles suspended in the atmosphere (i.e. ash from volcanic eruptions, salt from sea spray, etc.)

Pieces of lead, copper, iron, and granite, each having a mas of 1 kilogram and a temperature of 100* C, were removed from a container of boiling water and allowed to cool under identical conditions. Which piece most likely cooled to room temperature first?

Lead

Temperature

Measures the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter

Scattering

to get reflected and refracted in all directions

Absorb

to take in (good absorbers are good re-radiators)

Light colored and smooth are good or bad absorbers

bad, they reflect good though

During the winter, explain why locations near the Atlantic ocean have air temperatures that are warmer than locations farther inland, at the same latitude

because the water has a higher specific heat making it cool down slower.

During which phase change does water release the most heat energy?

condensation

Compared to the climate conditions of dry, inland locations, the climate conditions of locations influenced by a nearby ocean generally result in

cooler summers and warmer winters, with a smaller annual range of temperatures.

What is the correct process that changes the states of matter starting with freezing?

freezing, melting, evaporation, condensation

Dark and rough are good or bad absorbers

good

When water at 90*C is cooled down to 4* its density will slightly..

increase

Land surfaces of Earth heat more rapidly than water surfaces because

land has a lower specific heat than water

How do the rates of warming and cooling of land surfaces compare to the rates of warming and cooling of ocean surfaces

land surfaces warm faster and cool faster

Convection works best in what two phases?

liquid and gas

Which phase change requires water to gain 2260 J/g

liquid water vaporizing

IR radiation given from the Earth is

long wave

When an object absorbs most of the light that hits it, it looks dark and has a ___ albedo.

low

Albedo

the fraction of the incident sunlight that is reflected

The greater the specific heat...

the slower it heats up or cools down/the greater the amount of heat needed to raise its temperature