Speech 1315

Generally, the introduction should be brief and no more than what percent of the speech?

10 to 15

What percentage of a speech should be allotted for the conclusion?

10%

speech purpose

A clearly defined specific ________ ________ or goal helps the speaker maintain a clear focus.

context

Anything influencing the speaker, audience, occasion, or speech is called ________.

________ is the process of interpreting a message.

Decoding

What is a step you can take to determine the authenticity of an online source

Examine the domain in the web address

What is a step you can take to determine the authenticity of an online source?

Examine the domain in the web address.

Athenians routinely spoke publicly about personal quarrels in the agora in order to be more active citizens.

False

Developing public speaking skills discourages civic engagement.

False

Dyadic communication is between a speaker and a large, unknown audience.

False

In any given communication situation, all listeners will process information in exactly the same manner.

False

The audience's responses to a message are primarily nonverbal.

False

The channel is the content of the communication process.

False

The five canons of rhetoric are invention, adaptation, arrangement, timing, and delivery.

False

The source, or sender, is the person who receives the message.

False

Unlike many forms of communication, public speaking is a skill you are born with.

False

_______ sources provide analysis or commentary about phenomena not directly seen or experienced by the originator of the source.

Secondary

When preparing classroom presentations, what can you do to avoid boring your audience and raising tension in the classroom?

Steer clear of overused and trivial topics.

shared meaning

The mutual understanding of a message between the speaker and the audience is called ______ _________.

Being an audience-centered speaker means keeping the needs and values of your audience in mind.

True

Communication skills are one of the top job skills sought by most employers.

True

Creating, organizing, and producing the message is termed encoding.

True

Delivery includes the nonverbal behavior you use while making your case.

True

Interference with the message is known as noise.

True

Selective perception is a process in which listeners pay attention to certain messages and ignore others.

True

Shared meaning is the mutual understanding of a message between speaker and audience.

True

Speaking effectively can enhance your career professionally, personally, and academically.

True

The contemporary term for any one of a variety of places used for discussing issues of public interest is a public forum.

True

The practice of oratory, or rhetoric, emerged in Greece around the fifth century B.C.E.

True

The receiver decodes or interprets the message.

True

Which of the following is NOT a reputable watchdog site?

Wikipedia

Feedback

________, also called noise, is any physical, emotional, psychological, or environmental barrier to communication.

Interference

________, also called noise, is any physical, emotional, psychological, or environmental barrier to communication.

The source qualifier is

a brief description of the source's qualifications to address the topic.

In her speech about friendship, Cassandra opened by stating, ìAs C. S. Lewis once said, 'Friendship is born at that moment when one person says to another: What! You too? I thought I was the only one.'î Cassandra began her introduction with

a quotation.

ìWhat would you do if you found you couldn't make this month's credit card bill?î could function in a speech as

a rhetorical question to open a speech

The thesis statement, the theme or central idea of a speech, should be expressed as

a single, declarative sentence

When preparing a speech, the speaker's first task is to select

a topic and purpose appropriate to the audience and occasion.

Listeners should evaluate evidence in terms of

accuracy and credibility of the source

Using the ____ voice will make your statement more clear and assertive.

active

Speech conclusions fulfill which of the following functions?

alert the audience that the speech is coming to an end

_______ is the repetition of the same sounds, usually initial consonants, in two or more neighboring words or syllables.

alliteration

ìHis character plays a rocking, rolling, rip-roaring, raging role.î This statement best illustrates which of the following techniques?

alliteration

In a public speaking situation, it is always important to

alliterative meaning

When citing a source, you should be sure to

alternate phrases introducing citations to help maintain a natural delivery.

All communication events include all the following EXCEPT

an electronic device.

A(n) _______ compares an unfamiliar concept to a more familiar one in order to increase audience understanding of the unfamiliar concept.

analogy

Repeating a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, or sentence is called

anaphora

Brief stories of interesting, humorous, or real-life incidents are called

anecdotes

When we refer to noise in the communication process, we are referring to

any interference with the message

Effective interview questions

are a mix of closed ended and open ended questions

Effective interview questions

are a mix of closed-ended and open-ended questions

The purpose of a speech introduction is to

arouse the audience's attention and motivate the audience to accept the speaker's goals.

The first challenge faced by the speaker in the introduction of the speech is to win the audience's

attention

Our general evaluations of people, ideas, objects, or events are our

attitudes

_____________,____________, and __________ reveal a great deal about the audiences general evaluations, preception of reality and their judgments about right and wrong.

attitudes, values, benefits

Because not every trustworthy source may be appropriate for every audience, ______ _______ should play a role in your choice of sources.

audience analysis

ch6 Maintaining an _________ approach to all phases of the speech preperation process will help you prepare a presentation that is meaningful to your audience

audience centered

When narrowing a topic, the speaker need not consider

audience seating arrangements

Keeping the needs, values, attitudes, and wants of your listeners clearly in focus is being

audience-centered

Which of the following should NOT be used to effectively introduce or conclude a speech?

bibliography

A ________, a site containing journal-type entries, can be a useful source of information about unfolding events and new trends and ideas, if the source is reputable.

blog

What kind of website contains journal-type entries maintained by individuals or groups?

blog

What kind of website contains journal-type entries maintained by individuals groups?

blogs

Using word association to generate ideas for topics is what kind of technique?

brainstorming

What type of example offers a single illustration of point?

brief

A challenge in the conclusion of a persuasive speech usually comes as a _______ _______ _______

call to action

A concluding challenge by a speaker that asks an audience to act in response to the speech is termed a

call to action

To discuss a topic in terms of its underlying causes, a speaker should use which pattern of arrangement?

causal

To describe a series of developments in time or a set of actions that occur sequentially, a speaker should use which pattern of arrangement?

chronological

Even if not copyrighted, supporting material listed on a presentation aid that has been taken from a source may require ____________.

citation

White as snow. This phrase best illustrates which of the following

cliche

Fixed alternative and scale questions are what type of questions?

closed ended

ìHave you ever been to a professional hockey game?î is an example of

closed-ended question

Establishing _______ _______ with your audience will help you overcome any differences they perceive between you.

common ground

Facts that are widely known are referred to as ______ ______ and require no citation.

common knowledge

2. _______ language is specific, tangible, and definite.

concrete

The _______ meaning of a word is the special association that different people bring to bear on it.

connotative

When people disagree about the meaning of a word, they are usually responding to the word's

connotative meaning

Narratives are used to

convey a message through a story

What kind of points in an outline are of roughly equal importance and weight in the speech?

coordinate

A speaker citing a book, website, or television program should mention a(n)

date

Which of the following is the process of interpreting a message?

decoding

The ______ web contains information that general search engines often fail to find because of licenses or fees.

deep

The portion of the web that general search engines often fail to find is referred to as the

deep web

The _______ meaning of a word is its literal, or dictionary, definition.

denotative

The literal, dictionary definition of a word is its

denotative meaning

When speaking in front of an ethically and culturally diverse audience, a speakers first priority should be treating the audience members with ___________ and acting with _________.

dignity, integrity

Invention refers to

discovering evidence and arguments you will use to make your case.

Which term refers to the deliberate falsification of information?

disinformation

A form of communication between two people, such as a conversation, is ________ communication.

dyadic

Communication between two people is called

dyadic communication

How many demographic characteristics are typically considered in the analysis of speech audiences?

eight

Transforming ideas and thoughts into messages is called

encoding

Listeners are most likely to remember and act on a speech that

ends with a strong conclusion

A speaker who uses vivid imagery

engages audience members' senses

If a medical doctor gives cutting-edge information on the threat of high cholesterol, she or he is providing which type of supporting material?

expert testimony

Which type of example offers a multifaceted illustration of a point?

extended

Listening distractions are

external and internal

Construction noise or competing conversations are examples of

external distractions

All blogs and social news sites should be considered reputable speech sources.

false

Audience members will listen carefully even if they believe the speakers message is of no importance

false

Cherry-picking is one way to present statistics ethically.

false

Examples in a speech can be brief or extended

false

Examples in a speech weaken audience understanding by making ideas, items, or events less concrete.

false

Facts are findings, eyewitness accounts, or opinions from professionals trained to evaluate a given topic.

false

Hypothetical examples are effective for making a point about something that has already occured

false

Ideas that are considered common knowledge need to be cited in your speech.

false

If a speech topic is assigned to you, you are not accountable for tailoring it to suit the audience and speech situation.

false

In an interview, vague questions help reinforce the interviewer's agenda.

false

In defensive listening, audience members decide that they like what the speaker is going to say.

false

Internet search engines give you easy access to the deep web, so you don't need to use your library's online portal.

false

Listeners who do not like a speakers topic are not required to be honest and fair in evaluating speech

false

Noise, movement, light, darkness, heat, and cold are all examples of internal distractions.

false

Statistics always add precision to speech claims, even if the speaker does not understand them.

false

Surveys are more useful than interviews for obtaining primary source material.

false

The general speech purpose answers the question, ìWhat is my topic?î

false

The term misinformation refers to the deliberate falsification of information.

false

The three types of averages are calculated differently but all illustrate the same information about a set of numbers.

false

Though speakers should set goals, it is unimportant for listeners to do so .

false

When we engage in scriptwriting, we focus on what the speaker will say next.

false

Wikipedia links are already verified as accurate and can be cited in speeches without further investigation.

false

A ______ _____ is an inaccurate or misleading comparison suggesting that because two things are similar in some ways, they are necessarily similar in other ways.

faulty analogy

The audiences response to a message is referred to as

feedback

Forms of expression that make striking comparisons between the unfamiliar and the known, allowing listeners to more quickly grasp meaning, are called

figures of speech

Audiences find it easiest to remember the

first and last points made

If you ask survey respondents to respond to questions with a limited choice of answers, you are asking what type of questions?

fixed alternative

Active listeinging is

focused on purposeful

What kind of speech purpose answers the question, ìWhat is my objective in speaking on this topic to this audience on this occasion?î

general

Effective examples for a speech can be all of the following except

hypothetical

Which type of example may be used to make a point about something that could happen in the future if certain events were to occur?

hypothetical

Under what circumstances should the speaker begin by showing the topic's relevance to the audience, and then relate the topic to ideas and experiences about which the audience holds a positive attitude?

if the topic of the speech is new to the listeners

Benefits of public speaking do NOT include

improving hand-eye coordination.

Surveys are an especially effective source of support for topics related to the attitudes, values, and beliefs of the people

in a speakers immediate enviroment

Socioeconomic status includes

income, occupation, education

Listeners rarely pay attention to

information that is unrelated to their intrests

In which type of speech does the speaker challenge audience members to use what they have learned in a way that benefits them?

informative

What kind of speech has the purpose of increasing the audience's understanding and awareness of a topic?

informative

Daydreaming and fatigue are examples of

internal distractions

______________ can take place in one on one or group settings, in person, or over the phone to help you learn about your audience.

interviews

It is important to establish credibility in the _______ of the speech.

introduction

The specialized language of a given profession is called _______.

jargon

If a person who was a witness to the destruction of the Twin Towers on 9/11 provides a quotation about what she or he saw, that quotation would be considered

lay testimony

Questions in an interview that encourage or force a particular response from the interviewee are known as ______ questions

leading

A(n) ______ is an electronic entry point into the holdings of a school's or town's library e-resources.

library portal

Interview questions that are phrased to reinforce the interviewer's agenda are known as ______ questions.

loaded

The body of the speech consist of

main points, supporting points, and transitions

In this form of communication, the receiver is physically removed from the messenger, and there is little or no interaction between the speaker and the audience.

mass communication

The key to keeping the speech flowing while citing sources is to avoid __________ or formulaic delivery.

mechanical

In Mariam's presentation on her graduate school experiences she said, ìGraduate school is an uphill battle.î Mariam used which figure of speech?

metaphor

In order to deal with a sudden distraction while you are giving a speech, you might

minimize your response and proceed as soon as possible

Parables, anecdotes, and other stories are all kinds of

narratives

When conducting interviews, you should aim to create _______ questions that don't lead the interviewee to a desired response.

neutral

Questions that don't lead the interviewee to a desired response are known as

neutral questions

Questions that dont lead the interviewee to a desired response are known as

neutral questions

Speech humor should always match the audience, topic, purpose, and

occasion

At the end of the interview , you should

offer a brief, positive summary of important things you learned

At the end of the interview, you should

offer a brief, positive summary of important things you learned

Values are

our most enduring judgments about what is good and bad in life

Tools a speaker can use to analyze an audience include all of the following EXCEPT

personal opinions

Using a story as a speech introduction

personalizes issues

Which of the following is one of the five canons of rhetoric?

persuasion

Speakers who don't acknowledge the work of others are guilty of ________ and lose credibility.

plagiarism

Scriptwriters tend to

plan what they, not the speaker will say next

Eyewitness testimony, diary entries, interviews, and surveys are examples of what kind of source?

primary

Eyewitness testimony, diary entries, interviews, and surveys are examples of what kind of sources?

primary

______ sources provide firsthand accounts or direct evidence of events

primary

To demonstrate the nature and significance of a problem and provide justification for a proposed solution, a speaker should use which pattern of arrangement?

problem-solution

What kind of information is presented in such a way as to provoke a specific response?

propaganda

_______ is information presented in such a way as to deliberately provoke a desired response.

propaganda

what kind of information is presented in such a way as to provoke a specific response?

propaganda

Discerning listeners accept supporting materials as legitimate if the speaker

provides credentials establishing the sources as reliable and credible.

What are statistics NOT used for?

providing anecdotal information

Which of the following involves delivering a specific message to an in-person audience?

public speaking

Another way to obtain information about the audience members is through ________________ sources

published

During the speech introduction, the audience decides whether they are interested in the topic and the speaker. To build credibility, a speaker should establish his or her

qualifications

The conclusion should NOT

recount each supporting point of the speech the speakers credentials

Encyclopedias are examples of ______ works.

reference

One way that a speaker can leave a lasting impression on listeners is to incorporate oral language that is artfully arranged and infused with rhythm. One device that helps a speaker accomplish this specific purpose is

repetition

The conclusion of the speech should

restate the purpose

originally the practice of giving speeches was known as

rhetoric

Paying attention to information that is important to us, being interested in information that touches our own experiences and backgrounds, and sorting and filtering new information based on what we already know are key elements of

selective perception

The rhetorical situation, how many audience members will attend the speech , and whether he speaker will need a microphone are all components of the physical speech

setting

3. A(n) _______ explicitly compares one thing to another, using like or as to do so.

simile

_____ _________ is the level of trust placed in a source's credentials and its track record for providing accurate information.

source credibility

A _____ _____ is a brief description of the source's qualifications to address the topic.

source qualifier

To support a major point effectively, the speaker should offer all of the following EXCEPT

sources without source qualifiers

To explain the physical arrangement of a place, an object, or an event, a speaker should use which pattern of arrangement?

spatial

What kind of speech purpose expresses exactly what the speaker wishes the audience to get from the speech?

specific

To establish a feeling of identification with the audience,

stress your commonalities

When citing testimony in a speech, the speaker should always

supply the qualification of the source

Facts, statistics, testimonies, and narratives are all examples of

supporting material

Which of the following is not a type of secondary source ?

surveys

Which of the following is not a type of secondary source?

surveys

When actively listening, a person should

take note of the speakers key point

The __________ refers to those individuals in a larger audience who are most likely to be influenced in the direction you seek.

targeting audience

Previewing the speech in the introduction

tells the audience the order in which the main points will be addressed

Characteristics of the speech setting include all of the following EXCEPT

the psychological profile of the audience.

The recipient of the sources message is

the receiver

The specific citation elements that need to be mentioned in a speech depend on

the type of source

All of the following are examples of transition techniques EXCEPT

thesis statements.

For each source, the speaker should tell the audience the author or origin, the type of source, the _______ or description, and the date it was published.

title

All of the following are reasons to cite sources during your speech EXCEPT

to make the speech longer

To have the freedom to move points around according to the way the speaker wishes to present his or her topic, a speaker should use which pattern of arrangement?

topical

________ words signal that the speech is about to end.

transitional

A listening distraction is anything that competes for the attention you are trying to give to something else

true

A speaker can gain considerable insight into a topic by conducting an interview with an expert.

true

Acknowledging speech sources builds your credibility and demonstrates good ethics.

true

Active listeners listen for speakers main ideas and watch his or her nonverbal cues

true

Active listening is focused and purposeful

true

After the interview, you should offer to send the interviewee the results of the interview.

true

An active listener will try to detect the speakers main points

true

Before beginning any search, speakers should assess their research needs.

true

Before giving a presentation, it is important for a speaker to identify whether he or she is seeking to inform, persuade, or mark a special occasion.

true

Brainstorming is a topic-generating technique that can be done through word association or topic mapping.

true

Daydreaming as you listen can be considered an internal distraction

true

Differences in dialects or accents, nonverbal cues and physical appearance sometimes serve as cultural barriers to listeneing.

true

Digital collections include oral histories, photographs, and audio recordings.

true

Encyclopedias, books of quotations, and poetry collections are examples of reference works.

true

Ethical speeches are based on facts put into context, not on misinformation or disinformation.

true

Frequencies can help listeners understand comparisons between two or more categories.

true

In Western societies, most people require some type of evidence before they will accept a speaker's position or claims.

true

Lay testimony is given by non-experts (such as eyewitnesses).

true

Laziness and overconfidence occur when we expect too little from speakers, ignore important information, or display an arrogant attitude

true

One of the most powerful means of conveying a message is through a narrative

true

Popular internet search engines can be a great resource for identifying speech topics.

true

Primary sources provide firsthand accounts or direct evidence of events, objects, or people.

true

Secondary sources provide analysis or commentary about phenomena not directly witnessed by the originator of the source.

true

Stories tell tales that are either real or imaginary

true

Testimony comprises firsthand findings, eyewitness accounts, and opinions.

true

The internet is full of propaganda, designed to instill a particular attitude or emotion in the reader.

true

The thesis statement and the specific purpose are not related

true

To assess the credibility of an online source, look for an ìAboutî link that describes the organization.

true

When evaluating evidence, the listener should determine if the speaker's source are creditable

true

When listening to a speech it is important to consider different perspectives and realize that there are multiple ways to view an argument

true

Research indicates that audiences prefer speeches that contain how many main points?

two to seven

A well-organized speech is characterized by

unity, coherence, and balance

To present statistics ethically,

use only trustworthy and reputable sources

You can prepare your speech for the ear (for hearing and understanding) by

using familiar words

Active listeners

usually set listening goals and listen for main ideas

An audience centered approach means

you consider your audience in every phase of the speech preparation process