Speech 1315
Generally, the introduction should be brief and no more than what percent of the speech?
10 to 15
What percentage of a speech should be allotted for the conclusion?
10%
speech purpose
A clearly defined specific ________ ________ or goal helps the speaker maintain a clear focus.
context
Anything influencing the speaker, audience, occasion, or speech is called ________.
________ is the process of interpreting a message.
Decoding
What is a step you can take to determine the authenticity of an online source
Examine the domain in the web address
What is a step you can take to determine the authenticity of an online source?
Examine the domain in the web address.
Athenians routinely spoke publicly about personal quarrels in the agora in order to be more active citizens.
False
Developing public speaking skills discourages civic engagement.
False
Dyadic communication is between a speaker and a large, unknown audience.
False
In any given communication situation, all listeners will process information in exactly the same manner.
False
The audience's responses to a message are primarily nonverbal.
False
The channel is the content of the communication process.
False
The five canons of rhetoric are invention, adaptation, arrangement, timing, and delivery.
False
The source, or sender, is the person who receives the message.
False
Unlike many forms of communication, public speaking is a skill you are born with.
False
_______ sources provide analysis or commentary about phenomena not directly seen or experienced by the originator of the source.
Secondary
When preparing classroom presentations, what can you do to avoid boring your audience and raising tension in the classroom?
Steer clear of overused and trivial topics.
shared meaning
The mutual understanding of a message between the speaker and the audience is called ______ _________.
Being an audience-centered speaker means keeping the needs and values of your audience in mind.
True
Communication skills are one of the top job skills sought by most employers.
True
Creating, organizing, and producing the message is termed encoding.
True
Delivery includes the nonverbal behavior you use while making your case.
True
Interference with the message is known as noise.
True
Selective perception is a process in which listeners pay attention to certain messages and ignore others.
True
Shared meaning is the mutual understanding of a message between speaker and audience.
True
Speaking effectively can enhance your career professionally, personally, and academically.
True
The contemporary term for any one of a variety of places used for discussing issues of public interest is a public forum.
True
The practice of oratory, or rhetoric, emerged in Greece around the fifth century B.C.E.
True
The receiver decodes or interprets the message.
True
Which of the following is NOT a reputable watchdog site?
Wikipedia
Feedback
________, also called noise, is any physical, emotional, psychological, or environmental barrier to communication.
Interference
________, also called noise, is any physical, emotional, psychological, or environmental barrier to communication.
The source qualifier is
a brief description of the source's qualifications to address the topic.
In her speech about friendship, Cassandra opened by stating, ìAs C. S. Lewis once said, 'Friendship is born at that moment when one person says to another: What! You too? I thought I was the only one.'î Cassandra began her introduction with
a quotation.
ìWhat would you do if you found you couldn't make this month's credit card bill?î could function in a speech as
a rhetorical question to open a speech
The thesis statement, the theme or central idea of a speech, should be expressed as
a single, declarative sentence
When preparing a speech, the speaker's first task is to select
a topic and purpose appropriate to the audience and occasion.
Listeners should evaluate evidence in terms of
accuracy and credibility of the source
Using the ____ voice will make your statement more clear and assertive.
active
Speech conclusions fulfill which of the following functions?
alert the audience that the speech is coming to an end
_______ is the repetition of the same sounds, usually initial consonants, in two or more neighboring words or syllables.
alliteration
ìHis character plays a rocking, rolling, rip-roaring, raging role.î This statement best illustrates which of the following techniques?
alliteration
In a public speaking situation, it is always important to
alliterative meaning
When citing a source, you should be sure to
alternate phrases introducing citations to help maintain a natural delivery.
All communication events include all the following EXCEPT
an electronic device.
A(n) _______ compares an unfamiliar concept to a more familiar one in order to increase audience understanding of the unfamiliar concept.
analogy
Repeating a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, or sentence is called
anaphora
Brief stories of interesting, humorous, or real-life incidents are called
anecdotes
When we refer to noise in the communication process, we are referring to
any interference with the message
Effective interview questions
are a mix of closed ended and open ended questions
Effective interview questions
are a mix of closed-ended and open-ended questions
The purpose of a speech introduction is to
arouse the audience's attention and motivate the audience to accept the speaker's goals.
The first challenge faced by the speaker in the introduction of the speech is to win the audience's
attention
Our general evaluations of people, ideas, objects, or events are our
attitudes
_____________,____________, and __________ reveal a great deal about the audiences general evaluations, preception of reality and their judgments about right and wrong.
attitudes, values, benefits
Because not every trustworthy source may be appropriate for every audience, ______ _______ should play a role in your choice of sources.
audience analysis
ch6 Maintaining an _________ approach to all phases of the speech preperation process will help you prepare a presentation that is meaningful to your audience
audience centered
When narrowing a topic, the speaker need not consider
audience seating arrangements
Keeping the needs, values, attitudes, and wants of your listeners clearly in focus is being
audience-centered
Which of the following should NOT be used to effectively introduce or conclude a speech?
bibliography
A ________, a site containing journal-type entries, can be a useful source of information about unfolding events and new trends and ideas, if the source is reputable.
blog
What kind of website contains journal-type entries maintained by individuals or groups?
blog
What kind of website contains journal-type entries maintained by individuals groups?
blogs
Using word association to generate ideas for topics is what kind of technique?
brainstorming
What type of example offers a single illustration of point?
brief
A challenge in the conclusion of a persuasive speech usually comes as a _______ _______ _______
call to action
A concluding challenge by a speaker that asks an audience to act in response to the speech is termed a
call to action
To discuss a topic in terms of its underlying causes, a speaker should use which pattern of arrangement?
causal
To describe a series of developments in time or a set of actions that occur sequentially, a speaker should use which pattern of arrangement?
chronological
Even if not copyrighted, supporting material listed on a presentation aid that has been taken from a source may require ____________.
citation
White as snow. This phrase best illustrates which of the following
cliche
Fixed alternative and scale questions are what type of questions?
closed ended
ìHave you ever been to a professional hockey game?î is an example of
closed-ended question
Establishing _______ _______ with your audience will help you overcome any differences they perceive between you.
common ground
Facts that are widely known are referred to as ______ ______ and require no citation.
common knowledge
2. _______ language is specific, tangible, and definite.
concrete
The _______ meaning of a word is the special association that different people bring to bear on it.
connotative
When people disagree about the meaning of a word, they are usually responding to the word's
connotative meaning
Narratives are used to
convey a message through a story
What kind of points in an outline are of roughly equal importance and weight in the speech?
coordinate
A speaker citing a book, website, or television program should mention a(n)
date
Which of the following is the process of interpreting a message?
decoding
The ______ web contains information that general search engines often fail to find because of licenses or fees.
deep
The portion of the web that general search engines often fail to find is referred to as the
deep web
The _______ meaning of a word is its literal, or dictionary, definition.
denotative
The literal, dictionary definition of a word is its
denotative meaning
When speaking in front of an ethically and culturally diverse audience, a speakers first priority should be treating the audience members with ___________ and acting with _________.
dignity, integrity
Invention refers to
discovering evidence and arguments you will use to make your case.
Which term refers to the deliberate falsification of information?
disinformation
A form of communication between two people, such as a conversation, is ________ communication.
dyadic
Communication between two people is called
dyadic communication
How many demographic characteristics are typically considered in the analysis of speech audiences?
eight
Transforming ideas and thoughts into messages is called
encoding
Listeners are most likely to remember and act on a speech that
ends with a strong conclusion
A speaker who uses vivid imagery
engages audience members' senses
If a medical doctor gives cutting-edge information on the threat of high cholesterol, she or he is providing which type of supporting material?
expert testimony
Which type of example offers a multifaceted illustration of a point?
extended
Listening distractions are
external and internal
Construction noise or competing conversations are examples of
external distractions
All blogs and social news sites should be considered reputable speech sources.
false
Audience members will listen carefully even if they believe the speakers message is of no importance
false
Cherry-picking is one way to present statistics ethically.
false
Examples in a speech can be brief or extended
false
Examples in a speech weaken audience understanding by making ideas, items, or events less concrete.
false
Facts are findings, eyewitness accounts, or opinions from professionals trained to evaluate a given topic.
false
Hypothetical examples are effective for making a point about something that has already occured
false
Ideas that are considered common knowledge need to be cited in your speech.
false
If a speech topic is assigned to you, you are not accountable for tailoring it to suit the audience and speech situation.
false
In an interview, vague questions help reinforce the interviewer's agenda.
false
In defensive listening, audience members decide that they like what the speaker is going to say.
false
Internet search engines give you easy access to the deep web, so you don't need to use your library's online portal.
false
Listeners who do not like a speakers topic are not required to be honest and fair in evaluating speech
false
Noise, movement, light, darkness, heat, and cold are all examples of internal distractions.
false
Statistics always add precision to speech claims, even if the speaker does not understand them.
false
Surveys are more useful than interviews for obtaining primary source material.
false
The general speech purpose answers the question, ìWhat is my topic?î
false
The term misinformation refers to the deliberate falsification of information.
false
The three types of averages are calculated differently but all illustrate the same information about a set of numbers.
false
Though speakers should set goals, it is unimportant for listeners to do so .
false
When we engage in scriptwriting, we focus on what the speaker will say next.
false
Wikipedia links are already verified as accurate and can be cited in speeches without further investigation.
false
A ______ _____ is an inaccurate or misleading comparison suggesting that because two things are similar in some ways, they are necessarily similar in other ways.
faulty analogy
The audiences response to a message is referred to as
feedback
Forms of expression that make striking comparisons between the unfamiliar and the known, allowing listeners to more quickly grasp meaning, are called
figures of speech
Audiences find it easiest to remember the
first and last points made
If you ask survey respondents to respond to questions with a limited choice of answers, you are asking what type of questions?
fixed alternative
Active listeinging is
focused on purposeful
What kind of speech purpose answers the question, ìWhat is my objective in speaking on this topic to this audience on this occasion?î
general
Effective examples for a speech can be all of the following except
hypothetical
Which type of example may be used to make a point about something that could happen in the future if certain events were to occur?
hypothetical
Under what circumstances should the speaker begin by showing the topic's relevance to the audience, and then relate the topic to ideas and experiences about which the audience holds a positive attitude?
if the topic of the speech is new to the listeners
Benefits of public speaking do NOT include
improving hand-eye coordination.
Surveys are an especially effective source of support for topics related to the attitudes, values, and beliefs of the people
in a speakers immediate enviroment
Socioeconomic status includes
income, occupation, education
Listeners rarely pay attention to
information that is unrelated to their intrests
In which type of speech does the speaker challenge audience members to use what they have learned in a way that benefits them?
informative
What kind of speech has the purpose of increasing the audience's understanding and awareness of a topic?
informative
Daydreaming and fatigue are examples of
internal distractions
______________ can take place in one on one or group settings, in person, or over the phone to help you learn about your audience.
interviews
It is important to establish credibility in the _______ of the speech.
introduction
The specialized language of a given profession is called _______.
jargon
If a person who was a witness to the destruction of the Twin Towers on 9/11 provides a quotation about what she or he saw, that quotation would be considered
lay testimony
Questions in an interview that encourage or force a particular response from the interviewee are known as ______ questions
leading
A(n) ______ is an electronic entry point into the holdings of a school's or town's library e-resources.
library portal
Interview questions that are phrased to reinforce the interviewer's agenda are known as ______ questions.
loaded
The body of the speech consist of
main points, supporting points, and transitions
In this form of communication, the receiver is physically removed from the messenger, and there is little or no interaction between the speaker and the audience.
mass communication
The key to keeping the speech flowing while citing sources is to avoid __________ or formulaic delivery.
mechanical
In Mariam's presentation on her graduate school experiences she said, ìGraduate school is an uphill battle.î Mariam used which figure of speech?
metaphor
In order to deal with a sudden distraction while you are giving a speech, you might
minimize your response and proceed as soon as possible
Parables, anecdotes, and other stories are all kinds of
narratives
When conducting interviews, you should aim to create _______ questions that don't lead the interviewee to a desired response.
neutral
Questions that don't lead the interviewee to a desired response are known as
neutral questions
Questions that dont lead the interviewee to a desired response are known as
neutral questions
Speech humor should always match the audience, topic, purpose, and
occasion
At the end of the interview , you should
offer a brief, positive summary of important things you learned
At the end of the interview, you should
offer a brief, positive summary of important things you learned
Values are
our most enduring judgments about what is good and bad in life
Tools a speaker can use to analyze an audience include all of the following EXCEPT
personal opinions
Using a story as a speech introduction
personalizes issues
Which of the following is one of the five canons of rhetoric?
persuasion
Speakers who don't acknowledge the work of others are guilty of ________ and lose credibility.
plagiarism
Scriptwriters tend to
plan what they, not the speaker will say next
Eyewitness testimony, diary entries, interviews, and surveys are examples of what kind of source?
primary
Eyewitness testimony, diary entries, interviews, and surveys are examples of what kind of sources?
primary
______ sources provide firsthand accounts or direct evidence of events
primary
To demonstrate the nature and significance of a problem and provide justification for a proposed solution, a speaker should use which pattern of arrangement?
problem-solution
What kind of information is presented in such a way as to provoke a specific response?
propaganda
_______ is information presented in such a way as to deliberately provoke a desired response.
propaganda
what kind of information is presented in such a way as to provoke a specific response?
propaganda
Discerning listeners accept supporting materials as legitimate if the speaker
provides credentials establishing the sources as reliable and credible.
What are statistics NOT used for?
providing anecdotal information
Which of the following involves delivering a specific message to an in-person audience?
public speaking
Another way to obtain information about the audience members is through ________________ sources
published
During the speech introduction, the audience decides whether they are interested in the topic and the speaker. To build credibility, a speaker should establish his or her
qualifications
The conclusion should NOT
recount each supporting point of the speech the speakers credentials
Encyclopedias are examples of ______ works.
reference
One way that a speaker can leave a lasting impression on listeners is to incorporate oral language that is artfully arranged and infused with rhythm. One device that helps a speaker accomplish this specific purpose is
repetition
The conclusion of the speech should
restate the purpose
originally the practice of giving speeches was known as
rhetoric
Paying attention to information that is important to us, being interested in information that touches our own experiences and backgrounds, and sorting and filtering new information based on what we already know are key elements of
selective perception
The rhetorical situation, how many audience members will attend the speech , and whether he speaker will need a microphone are all components of the physical speech
setting
3. A(n) _______ explicitly compares one thing to another, using like or as to do so.
simile
_____ _________ is the level of trust placed in a source's credentials and its track record for providing accurate information.
source credibility
A _____ _____ is a brief description of the source's qualifications to address the topic.
source qualifier
To support a major point effectively, the speaker should offer all of the following EXCEPT
sources without source qualifiers
To explain the physical arrangement of a place, an object, or an event, a speaker should use which pattern of arrangement?
spatial
What kind of speech purpose expresses exactly what the speaker wishes the audience to get from the speech?
specific
To establish a feeling of identification with the audience,
stress your commonalities
When citing testimony in a speech, the speaker should always
supply the qualification of the source
Facts, statistics, testimonies, and narratives are all examples of
supporting material
Which of the following is not a type of secondary source ?
surveys
Which of the following is not a type of secondary source?
surveys
When actively listening, a person should
take note of the speakers key point
The __________ refers to those individuals in a larger audience who are most likely to be influenced in the direction you seek.
targeting audience
Previewing the speech in the introduction
tells the audience the order in which the main points will be addressed
Characteristics of the speech setting include all of the following EXCEPT
the psychological profile of the audience.
The recipient of the sources message is
the receiver
The specific citation elements that need to be mentioned in a speech depend on
the type of source
All of the following are examples of transition techniques EXCEPT
thesis statements.
For each source, the speaker should tell the audience the author or origin, the type of source, the _______ or description, and the date it was published.
title
All of the following are reasons to cite sources during your speech EXCEPT
to make the speech longer
To have the freedom to move points around according to the way the speaker wishes to present his or her topic, a speaker should use which pattern of arrangement?
topical
________ words signal that the speech is about to end.
transitional
A listening distraction is anything that competes for the attention you are trying to give to something else
true
A speaker can gain considerable insight into a topic by conducting an interview with an expert.
true
Acknowledging speech sources builds your credibility and demonstrates good ethics.
true
Active listeners listen for speakers main ideas and watch his or her nonverbal cues
true
Active listening is focused and purposeful
true
After the interview, you should offer to send the interviewee the results of the interview.
true
An active listener will try to detect the speakers main points
true
Before beginning any search, speakers should assess their research needs.
true
Before giving a presentation, it is important for a speaker to identify whether he or she is seeking to inform, persuade, or mark a special occasion.
true
Brainstorming is a topic-generating technique that can be done through word association or topic mapping.
true
Daydreaming as you listen can be considered an internal distraction
true
Differences in dialects or accents, nonverbal cues and physical appearance sometimes serve as cultural barriers to listeneing.
true
Digital collections include oral histories, photographs, and audio recordings.
true
Encyclopedias, books of quotations, and poetry collections are examples of reference works.
true
Ethical speeches are based on facts put into context, not on misinformation or disinformation.
true
Frequencies can help listeners understand comparisons between two or more categories.
true
In Western societies, most people require some type of evidence before they will accept a speaker's position or claims.
true
Lay testimony is given by non-experts (such as eyewitnesses).
true
Laziness and overconfidence occur when we expect too little from speakers, ignore important information, or display an arrogant attitude
true
One of the most powerful means of conveying a message is through a narrative
true
Popular internet search engines can be a great resource for identifying speech topics.
true
Primary sources provide firsthand accounts or direct evidence of events, objects, or people.
true
Secondary sources provide analysis or commentary about phenomena not directly witnessed by the originator of the source.
true
Stories tell tales that are either real or imaginary
true
Testimony comprises firsthand findings, eyewitness accounts, and opinions.
true
The internet is full of propaganda, designed to instill a particular attitude or emotion in the reader.
true
The thesis statement and the specific purpose are not related
true
To assess the credibility of an online source, look for an ìAboutî link that describes the organization.
true
When evaluating evidence, the listener should determine if the speaker's source are creditable
true
When listening to a speech it is important to consider different perspectives and realize that there are multiple ways to view an argument
true
Research indicates that audiences prefer speeches that contain how many main points?
two to seven
A well-organized speech is characterized by
unity, coherence, and balance
To present statistics ethically,
use only trustworthy and reputable sources
You can prepare your speech for the ear (for hearing and understanding) by
using familiar words
Active listeners
usually set listening goals and listen for main ideas
An audience centered approach means
you consider your audience in every phase of the speech preparation process
