Speech Mid-Term

__________ listening distractions include daydreaming, distress over an argument, or fatigue. a. Internal b. Selective c. External d. Defensive

a.internal

The canon of rhetoric that deals with selecting information to construct your arguments is __________. a. invention b. arrangement c. style d. memory

a.invention

Which cultures generally accept the most variation in individual behavior? a. low-uncertainty avoidance cultures b. high-uncertainty avoidance cultures c. cultures with high levels of power distance d. cultures with low levels of power distance

a.low-uncertainty avoidance cultures

Which of the following is not a reason for choosing a topic that relates to a personal interest? a. No research will be necessary. b. The research will be enjoyable. c. You will feel genuine enthusiasm for the topic. d. You may impress the audience as highly credible.

a.no research will be necessary

Speech coach John Robert Colombo states that the best way to work out your fear of speaking is to overwork it. This advice reflects which method of dealing with speech anxiety? a. Preparation and practice b. Visualizing success c. Anticipating failures d. Modifying thoughts and attitudes

a.preparation and practice

People are more likely to pay attention to information if it __________. a. strikes them as important b. seems foreign to them c. has no relation to familiar concepts d. challenges their value system

a.strikes them as important

Researchers have found that speaker credibility is based on a speaker's __________. a. grasp of the subject, sound reasoning, and honesty b. eye contact, grasp of the subject, and honesty c. eye contact, good character, and strong speaking skills d. grasp of the subject, sound reasoning, and strong speaking skills

a. grasp of the subject, sound reasoning, and honesty

__________ are the primary ideas or key arguments that make claims in support of the thesis of your speech. a. Main points b. Specific purposes c. Thesis statements d. Supporting materials

a. main points

Which of the following kinds of skills do employers value the most? a. communication b. computer c. teamwork d. interpersonal

a.Communication

__________ speeches help audience members to understand topics, ideas, or concepts. a. Informative b. Persuasive c. Special occasion d. General

a.Informative

Which of the following is not a characteristic of positive ethos? a. Attractiveness b. Competence c. Good moral character d. Goodwill

a.attractiveness

Thinking of public speaking as a __________ instead of as a performance can significantly increase your confidence. a. learning opportunity b. formal event c. visualization d. imagery experience

a.learning opportunity

Looking forward to learning and bringing a sense of enthusiasm to your presentation are advantages of choosing a(n) __________ speech. a. personal interest b. current event c. controversial issue d. informative

a.personal interest

What is a rhetorical situation? a. The purpose or thesis of a speech b. A circumstance that calls for a public response c. An anecdote used in the speech's introduction d. A question the speaker poses to the audience

b.a circumstance that calls for a public response

Which of the following is notan internal listening distraction? a. positive feelings b. negative feelings c. traffic noises d. fatigue

c.traffic noises

Non-native English speakers should practice their speech with an audio or video recorder to make sure they __________. a. are following each step in the speechmaking process b. are sharing the correct information with their audience c. can identify trouble spots in articulation and pronunciation d. have a realistic understanding of their presentation skills

c. can identify trouble spots in articulation and pronunciation

When you have reached the step of __________ in the speechmaking process, you need to decide whether you are going to inform or persuade your audience. a. selecting a topic b. analyzing the audience c. determining the speech purpose d. composing a thesis statement

c. determining the speech purpose

An ethical speaker is conscious of __________ values. a. the speaker's and all other people's b. the speaker's and instructor's c. the speaker's and the audience's d. the speaker's

c. the speakers and the audiences

Which of the following is not a characteristic of cultural intelligence? a. Working to understand the nuances of an unfamiliar culture b. Interacting with another culture to learn more about it c. Using terms that are unique to another culture to win audience support d. Rethinking previously held beliefs about another culture based on real experiences

c.Using terms that are unique to another culture to win audience support

As you plan your speech, anticipate that audience members will hold a range of judgments or standards of what's good and bad in life and of what's important to them, which are also known as __________. a. goals b. conflicts c. values d. respect

c.values

Strategies for active listening include __________. a. paying attention to nonverbal clues b. taking notes c. listening for main ideas d. All of the options are correct.

d.all of the options are correct

One's general evaluation of teaching art and music in schools as either good or bad is determined by one's __________. a. mood b. beliefs c. values d. attitudes

d.attitudes

You can create a sense of identification between yourself and the audience by __________. a. sharing a personal story b. stressing mutual bonds c. using inclusive language such as we, you, I, and me d. All of the options are correct.

d. all of the above

Acknowledging your sources of information during a speech __________. a. can confuse or distract an audience b. shows you consider each audience member unique c. is an effective persuasive device to win support for your point d. can help demonstrate your trustworthiness

d.can help demonstrate your trustworthiness

_____________ reminds us that successful communication can never be divorced from the concerns and expectations of others. a. Channel b. Meaning c. Shared meaning d. Context

d.context

Which of the following is not listed in the text as a category of informative topics? a. Objects b. Events c. Concepts d. Controversies

d.controversies

A speech about whether a governing body has the right to determine the life or death of a convicted criminal addresses the listeners' core __________. a. mood b. beliefs c. values d. attitudes

values

Which of the following is not a suggestion for helping diverse audiences understand you? a. Use similes and metaphors to illustrate your message. b. Be alert to nonverbal cues that your listeners do not understand what you are saying. c. Explain the meaning behind an idiom that you used. d. Pay attention to your speech rate, pronunciation, and articulation.

a.Use similes and metaphors to illustrate your message

A(n) __________ culture values the opinions of the family over those of the individual. a. collectivistic b. reliable c. individualistic d. self-help

a.collectivistic

Age, gender, religion, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status are examples of audience __________. a. demographics b. general identities c. co-cultures d. values

a.demographics

The process of transforming thoughts into messages for the purpose of delivering them to an audience is called ___________. a. encoding b. decoding c. giving feedback d. sharing meaning

a.encoding

If you enter the public conversation about issues that matter to you, this makes you a(n) __________. a. engaged citizen b. elected official c. talking head d. representative of a special interest group

a.engaged citizen

A student states that she will inform her audience about the environment. She has identified her __________. a. general speech purpose b. specific speech purpose c. persuasive speech purpose d. controversial speech purpose

a.general speech purpose

Which of the following is not a factor that influences what we listen to and what we ignore? a. We pay attention to speakers who are similar to us. b. We pay attention to what we hold to be important. c. We pay attention to information that touches our experiences and backgrounds. d. We sort and filter new information on the basis of what we already know.

a.we pay attention to speakers who are similar to us

__________ is the step in the speechmaking process when the speaker studies the potential listeners through techniques such as interviews and questionnaires. a. Selecting a topic b. Analyzing the audience c. Gathering supporting material d. Separating the speech into its major parts

b.analyzing the audience

Because of pre-preparation anxiety, individuals may __________. a. feel overwhelmed by the amount of planning required b. be reluctant to begin planning for the speech c. feel their ideas don't sound as focused or as interesting as they should d. be unable to locate adequate support for a critical point

b.be reluctant to begin planning for the speech

When an individual is able to look for flaws in arguments and resist claims that have no supporting evidence, he or she is utilizing __________ thinking. a. evaluative b. critical c. active d. passive

b.critical

When an audience interprets and assigns meaning to a speaker's message, that process is referred to as____________. a. encoding b. decoding c. channeling d. shared meaning

b.decoding

When a speaker makes audience members feel worthy and honored, the speaker is using which rule for ethical speaking? a. Integrity b. Dignity c. Trustworthiness d. Ethnocentrism

b.dignity

Which of the following is the term for the continual flow of communication between the speaker and the listener? a. Selective perception process b. Feedback loop c. Constructive criticism process d. Empathetic listening

b.feedback loop

If you are faced with a listener who expresses negative attitudes toward your topic, you should __________. a. incorporate a lot of statistics b. find areas of agreement c. only use credible sources d. highlight fallacies in their attitudes

b.find areas of agreement

If English isn't your first language, public speaking __________. a. is unlikely to improve your language skills b. gives you valuable exposure to spoken English c. discourages you from using your native tongue d. helps you learn to use jargon effectively

b.gives you valuable exposure to spoken english

What are copyright laws designed to protect? a. The speaker b. Intellectual property c. The public domain d. The fair use doctrine

b.intellectual property

Sometimes the meaning of a message is not always in the words. Also consider what the speaker might be trying to convey through __________. a. analogies b. nonverbal cues c. similes d. metaphors

b.nonverbal cues

For the ancient Greeks, __________ was a necessary tool in settling arguments, determining public policy, and establishing laws. a. listening b. oratory c. agora d. forum

b.oratory

The following statement is an example of the _______ of a speech:"To inform my audience about the reasons to start a retirement fund." a. general purpose b. specific purpose c. thesis statement d. main points

b.specific purpose

The individuals whom the speaker is most likely to influence in the direction that he or she seeks are known as __________. a. key audience members b. target audience members c. influential audience members d. educated audience members

b.target audience members.

__________ will answer the following question: "Precisely what is it about my topic that I want the audience to learn, do, reconsider, or agree with?" a. Audience analysis b. The specific speech purpose c. The general speech purpose d. The thesis statement

b.the specific speech purpose

Which of the following is a brainstorming method that can help you visualize related ideas? a. Word association b. Topic mapping c. Word mapping d. Topic association

b.topic mapping

To ensure that your speech flows smoothly from one thought to another among and within the coordinate points of your outline, use __________. a. specific statements b. transition statements c. thesis statements d. supporting statements

b.transition statements

Which technique have speech communication researchers developed to increase positive expectations associated with speechmaking? a. Preparing and practicing b. Visualizing success c. Anticipating failures d. Modifying thoughts and attitudes

b.visualizing success

"Exercise—elliptical trainers—personal trainers—weight training" is an example of __________. a. topic mapping b. word association c. refining the speech purpose d. All of the options are correct.

b.word association

Whether one supports the theory of evolution depends on one's __________. a. mood b. beliefs c. values d. attitudes

beliefs

As a general rule, how many times should you practice delivering your speech? a. At least once b. Two to three times c. About six times d. Practice only if you feel nervous ahead of time

c.about six times

If you are assigned to speak about the same topic more than once, you must __________. a. assess your values b. choose a topic that will likely be familiar to any audience c. adapt to the rhetorical situation d. change information for each speech

c.adapt to the rhetorical situation

__________ is not a way for speakers to display respect for the audience. a. Avoiding in-group and out-group distinctions b. Allowing the audience the power of rational choice c. Addressing issues only from the speaker's point of view d. Focusing on issues rather than personalities

c.addressing issues only from the speaker's point of view

The statement "All politicians are crooks" is an example of __________. a. critical thinking b. a false dilemma c. an overgeneralization d. multiple perspectives

c.an overgeneralization

If you consider the interests of your audience and how they might want to hear the information you are offering, you are taking a(n) __________ approach. a. sender-centered b. pandering c. audience-centered d. integrated

c.audience-centered

"It's always scary to speak in front of others, but you just have to remember that everyone is human. Nobody wants you to fail; they're not waiting on you to mess up." This quote refers to which reason for public speaking anxiety (PSA)? a. Lack of positive experience b. Feeling different c. Being the center of attention d. Negative self-perception

c.being the center of attention

Which of the following can contribute to public speaking anxiety (PSA)? a. Preparing the speech in advance b. Memorizing your speech c. Being the center of attention d. Being an extrovert

c.being the center of attention

A(n) __________ search offers alphabetized general topics that are useful for brainstorming word associations. a. trend b. encyclopedia c. directory d. topic map

c.directory

The ancient Greeks used the term __________ oratory to describe a speech that was delivered on a special occasion, such as a wedding. a. forensic b. deliberative c. epideictic d. rhetorica

c.epideictic

Speakers who act as if everyone shares their point of view and points of reference are engaging in __________. a. hate speech b. stereotypes c. ethnocentrism d. heckling

c.ethnocentrism

The Greek word for "character" is __________. a. logos b. pathos c. ethos d. methos

c.ethos

The verbal or nonverbal listener response to a message is called _______. a. encoding b. decoding c. feedback d. channeling

c.feedback

Which of the following would be considered a terminal value by the psychologist Milton Rokeach? a. Courageousness b. Helpfulness c. Happiness d. Honesty

c.happiness

When you perform audience analysis before preparing a speech, you hope to gain which of the following? a. The names and ages of your audience members b. Details on how your audience voted in the last election c. Ideas about your audience's attitudes toward your topic d. Data about where your audience shops most frequently

c.ideas about your audiences attitudes toward your topic

Cultures that do not emphasize the needs of the group are known as __________. a. collectivistic cultures b. reliable cultures c. individualistic cultures d. self-help cultures

c.individualistic cultures

In order to avoid plagiarism in a speech, you must __________. a. always present information in direct quotes b. include the page or reference number of a source c. inform the audience of the author or origin of any information that is not common knowledge d. arrange information into your own words

c.inform the audience of the author or origin of any information that is not common knowledge

Which of the following would not be considered a benefit of moving around as you deliver your speech? a. It helps relieve some of your tension. b. It holds your audience's attention. c. It helps people agree with your arguments. d. It makes you appear more natural.

c.it helps people agree with our arguments

Interference or barriers to the communication process are known as __________. a. turbulence b. blockade c. noise d. dissonance

c.noise

When a speaker carefully considers the audience's expectations and emotions toward a speech event, the speaker is analyzing the __________. a. topic b. speaking challenges c. occasion d. values

c.occasion

__________ provides the framework upon which to arrange the elements of your speech in support of your thesis. a. Gathering supporting material b. Separating the speech into its major parts c. Outlining the speech d. Composing a thesis statement

c.outlining the speech

Speeches that aim to change a specific behavior are __________. a. general b. specific c. persuasive d. controversial

c.persuasive

When a speaker uses another person's information as his or her own, he or she is __________. a. paraphrasing b. providing information from an expert c. plagiarizing d. copywriting

c.plagiarizing

Individuals whose public speaking anxiety begins when the reality of the situation sets in are experiencing __________. a. pre-preparation anxiety b. preparation anxiety c. pre-performance anxiety d. performance anxiety

c.pre-performance anxiety

___________ is the mutual understanding of a message between a speaker and audience. a. Self-concept b. Encoding c. Shared meaning d. The channel

c.shared meaning

Commencement speeches or acceptance speeches are examples of __________. a. persuasive speeches b. informative speeches c. special occasion speeches d. genre speeches

c.special occasion speeches

When your audience knows little or nothing about your topic, you should __________. a. make the topic relevant by relating it to issues, events, and people b. focus on establishing rapport and credibility c. stick to the basics, including background information on the topic d. analyze audience members but be sensitive to situational factors

c.stick to the basics, including background information on the topic

Practicing the mental exercise of visualizing success will help you accomplish what? a. Prepare for possible problems that may occur during the speech b. Imagine the possible negative outcomes of a speech c. Strengthen your positive attitudes and expectations for speechmaking d. Develop and master useful breathing techniques

c.strengthen your positive attitudes and expectations for speechmaking

Listening is defined as __________. a. a reflexive action that can be automatic in nature b. the physiological process of perceiving sound c. the conscious act of recognizing, understanding, and interpreting messages d. the unconscious act of acknowledging an individual speaking

c.the conscious act of recognizing, understanding, and interpreting messages

"Investing in a hybrid vehicle can help the environment." This sentence is an example of a(n) __________. a. general purpose b. specific purpose c. thesis statement d. topic statement

c.thesis statement

In the speechmaking process, the __________ identifies the speech's central idea in a single sentence. a. general purpose b. specific purpose c. thesis statement d. main points

c.thesis statement

Techniques for learning about your audience include all of the following except __________. a. using interviews b. using surveys c. using stereotypes d. consulting published sources

c.using sterotypes

__________, a philosophical scholar, divided the process of preparing for a speech into five parts, called the canons of rhetoric. a. Plato b. Socrates c. Phaedrus d. Aristotle

d.Aristotle

Which of the following is not a brainstorming technique? a. Word association b. Topic mapping c. Internet browsing d. Rationalizing

d.Rationalizing

Our right to speak freely is limited by types of speech that are considered illegal, including __________. a. "fighting words" b. slander c. reckless disregard for the truth d. All of the options are correct.

d.all of the above

A critical thinker should __________. a. assess the speaker's reasoning b. recognize that there are multiple perspectives to every argument c. evaluate the speaker's evidence d. All of the options are correct.

d.all of the options are correct

Researching your speech topic by using a library's online portal will ensure that your sources are __________. a. popular b. limited c. provocative d. credible

d.credible

A(n) __________ listener disregards what the speaker has to say or prematurely decides that he or she won't like what the speaker has to say. a. internal b. selective c. external d. defensive

d.defensive

In __________ communication, listeners practice empathy and speakers practice collaboration. a. external b. active c. communal d. dialogic

d.dialogic

The purpose of a presentation aid is to __________. a. welcome your audience b. present your outline to your audience c. communicate your specific purpose d. help your audience better understand your points

d.help your audience better understand your points

__________ is not a form of constructive criticism. a. Saying something positive b. Focusing on the speech and not on the speaker c. Targeting your criticism d. Judging the speaker as a person

d.judging the speaker as a person

__________ is a technique a speaker can use to battle negative ideas that increase speech anxiety. a. Preparation and practice b. Activating the relaxation response c. Anticipating failures d. Modifying thoughts and attitudes

d.modifying thoughts and attitudes

Simply changing or rearranging words from a source without acknowledgment is __________. a. wholesale plagiarism b. copyright plagiarism c. inflammatory plagiarism d. patchwrite plagiarism

d.patchwrite plagiarism

This quote best illustrates which stage of public speaking anxiety? "Anxiety does not really hit me until the few minutes left right before I speak." a. Pre-preparation anxiety b. Preparation anxiety c. Pre-performance anxiety d. Performance anxiety

d.performance anxiety

The first step to achieving confidence in public speaking should be __________. a. modifying thoughts and attitudes b. visualizing success c. anticipating failures d. preparing and practicing

d.preparing and practicing

The following quote best represents which step for dealing with anxiety? "Knowing your material is crucial! The worst anxiety comes when you feel unprepared." a. Modifying thoughts and attitudes b. Visualizing success c. Anticipating failures d. Preparing and practicing

d.preparing and practicing

In ____________, a speaker delivers a message with a specific purpose to an audience of people who are present during the delivery. a. dyadic communication b. small group communication c. mass communication d. public speaking

d.public speaking

Stress-control breathing and meditation are examples of __________. a. using movement to reduce anxiety b. depersonalizing the speech evaluation c. thought and attitude modification d. relaxation techniques

d.relaxation techniques