SPM Chapter 8 and 9

____ is best known for developing a hierarchy of needs. a. Frederick Herzberg c. Abraham Maslow b. David McClelland d. Douglas McGregor

Abraham Maslow

____ means the project's processes and products meet written specifications. a. Conformance to requirements c. Quality conformance b. Fitness for use d. Documentation matching

Conformance to requirements

Design of experiments cannot be applied to project management issues such as cost and schedule trade-offs.

False

Extrinsic motivation causes people to participate in an activity for their own enjoyment.

False

Hiring managers say interpersonal skills are the least important soft skill for information technology workers.

False

In TQC, product quality is less important than production rates, and workers are not allowed to stop production whenever a quality problem occurs.

False

The term sigma means median.

False

To obtain valid statistics, it is important to study every member of a population.

False

When an information system does not function correctly, it is generally a slight inconvenience.

False

____ is best known for distinguishing between motivational factors and hygiene factors when considering motivation in work settings. a. Frederick Herzberg c. Abraham Maslow b. David McClelland d. Douglas McGregor

Frederick Herzberg

____ found that people were motivated to work mostly by feelings of personal achievement and recognition. a. Maslow c. McClelland b. McGregor d. Herzberg

Herzberg

____ correct(s) or prevent(s) further quality problems based on quality control measurements. a. Process adjustments c. Acceptance decisions b. Rework d. Auditing

Process adjustments

____ is at the top of Maslow's structure. a. Esteem c. Physiological b. Self-actualization d. Social

Self-actualization

Most people simply accept poor quality from many information technology products.

True

Resource leveling results in fewer problems for project personnel and accounting departments.

True

Schedules tend to focus primarily on time rather than on both time and resources.

True

Abraham Maslow, a highly respected psychologist, rejected the dehumanizing negativism of psychology in the ____. a. 1940s c. 1960s b. 1950s d. 1970s

1950s

____ generates ideas for quality improvements by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products within or outside the performing organization. a. Design of experiments c. Testing b. Quality auditing d. Benchmarking

Benchmarking

____ proposed that an individual's specific needs are acquired or learned over time and shaped by life experiences. a. Frederick Herzberg c. Abraham Maslow b. David McClelland d. Douglas McGregor

David McClelland

____ involves identifying and documenting project roles, responsibilities, and reporting relationships. a. Developing the human resource plan c. Acquiring the project team b. Developing the project team d. Managing the project team

Developing the human resource plan

____ involves building individual and group skills to enhance project performance. a. Developing the human resource plan c. Acquiring the project team b. Developing the project team d. Managing the project team

Developing the project team

A RAM should only be used to assign detailed work activities.

False

A responsibility assignment matrix (RAM) is a matrix that maps the work of the project as described in the OBS to the people responsible for performing the work as described in the WBS.

False

According to Herzberg, hygiene factors such as larger salaries, more supervision, or a more attractive work environment would motivate workers to do more if present.

False

Continuous quality improvement is not a goal of quality assurance.

False

Control charts are one tool used in the analyze phase of the DMAIC process.

False

Integration testing replaces the other forms of testing with a single comprehensive test.

False

Legitimate power involves using personal knowledge and expertise to get people to change their behavior.

False

Maslow suggests that each level of the hierarchy of needs is not necessarily a prerequisite for the levels above.

False

Most information technology products can reach 100 percent reliability.

False

Only in-house auditors can perform quality audits.

False

Organizational policies related to quality, the particular project's scope statement and product descriptions, and related standards and regulations are all important input to the quality assurance process.

False

Project managers do not need to continually assess their team's performance.

False

____ are the system's special characteristics that appeal to users. a. Features c. Properties b. System outputs d. Functions

Features

____ is the degree to which a system performs its intended function. a. Reliability c. Maintainability b. Performance d. Functionality

Functionality

____ involves tracking team member performance, motivating team members, providing timely feedback, resolving issues and conflicts, and coordinating changes to help enhance project performance. a. Developing the human resource plan c. Acquiring the project team b. Developing the project team d. Managing the project team

Managing the project team

____ includes identifying which quality standards are relevant to the project and how to satisfy those standards. a. Performing quality assurance c. Checking quality b. Performing quality control d. Planning quality

Planning quality

____ is the ability of a product or service to perform as expected under normal conditions. a. Reliability c. Maintainability b. Performance d. Functionality

Reliability

The ____ presents subjects with a series of ambiguous pictures and asks them to develop a spontaneous story for each picture, assuming they will project their own needs into the story. a. RAM c. TAT b. MBTI d. RACI

TAT

A staffing management plan describes when and how people will be added to and taken off the project team.

True

As the job market changes, people should upgrade their skills to remain marketable and flexible.

True

If a certain resource is overallocated, the project manager can change the schedule to remove resource overallocation.

True

If companies plan their projects well, they can avoid the need for overtime, or they can make it clear that overtime is optional.

True

If products are accepted, they are considered to be validated deliverables.

True

It is important to clarify what functions and features the system must perform, and what functions and features are optional.

True

The first dimension of psychological type in the MBTI signifies whether people draw their energy from other people (extroverts) or from inside themselves (introverts).

True

The majority of people in the United States use the Internet.

True

Understanding which variables affect outcome is a very important part of quality planning.

True

Using Six Sigma principles is an organization-wide commitment.

True

People who need personal ____ want to direct others and can be seen as bossy. a. affiliation c. power b. advancement d. achievement

achievement

People with a high need for ____ seek to excel and tend to avoid both low-risk and high-risk situations to improve their chances for achieving something worthwhile. a. affiliation c. power b. money d. achievement

achievement

A ____ is a graphic display of data that illustrates the results of a process over time. a. statistical sampling chart c. Six Sigma chart b. Pareto chart d. control chart

control chart

The ____ ultimately decides if quality is acceptable. a. project team c. project manager b. CEO d. customer

customer

The bottom four needs in Maslow's structure are referred to as ____ needs. a. self-actualization c. safety b. deficiency d. growth

deficiency

At the bottom of Maslow's structure are ____ needs. a. esteem c. physiological b. self-actualization d. social

physiological

The ____ process is often associated with the technical tools and techniques of quality management, such as Pareto charts, quality control charts, and statistical sampling. a. quality planning c. quality assurance b. quality certification d. quality control

quality control

Project quality management involves ____ main processes. a. two c. four b. three d. five

three

____determine(s) if the products or services produced as part of the project will be accepted or rejected. a. Process adjustments c. Acceptance decisions b. Rework d. Auditing

Acceptance decisions

____ involves getting the needed personnel assigned to and working on the project. a. Developing the human resource plan c. Acquiring the project team b. Developing the project team d. Managing the project team

Acquiring the project team

All of the Six Sigma principles are brand new.

False

Assignment, budget, promotion, money, and penalty influence bases are automatically available to project managers as part of their position.

False

DeMarco and Lister found direct correlations between productivity and programming language, years of experience, and salary.

False

In a Pareto chart, the variables described by the histogram are ordered chronologically.

False

People who believe in Theory Y assume that workers dislike and avoid work if possible, so managers must use coercion, threats, and various control schemes to get workers to make adequate efforts to meet objectives.

False

Project managers should limit the size of work teams to eight to ten members.

False

Quality is a lower priority than project scope, time, and cost.

False

Smaller information technology projects usually have deputy project managers or subproject managers.

False

Team-building skills are often not a challenge for many project managers.

False

The global job market for information technology workers is contracting.

False

The quality planning process involves taking responsibility for quality throughout the project's life cycle.

False

When resources are used on a more constant basis, they require more management.

False

____ addresses the ease of performing maintenance on a product. a. Reliability c. Maintainability b. Performance d. Functionality

Maintainability

____ addresses how well a product or service performs the customer's intended use. a. Reliability c. Maintainability b. Performance d. Functionality

Performance

____ involves periodically evaluating overall project performance to ensure that the project will satisfy the relevant quality standards. a. Performing quality assurance c. Checking quality b. Performing quality control d. Planning quality

Performing quality assurance

____ involves monitoring specific project results to ensure that they comply with the relevant quality standards while identifying ways to improve overall quality. a. Performing quality assurance c. Checking quality b. Performing quality control d. Planning quality

Performing quality control

____ is action taken to bring rejected items into compliance with product requirements or specifications or other stakeholder expectations. a. A process adjustment c. An acceptance decision b. Rework d. Auditing

Rework

Expectations can vary based on an organization's culture or geographic region.

True

ISO 9000 provides minimum requirements needed for an organization to meet its quality certification standards.

True

Many highly qualified information technology workers lost their jobs in the past few years.

True

Many quality experts believe the main cause of quality problems is the lack of leadership.

True

Maslow's hierarchy of needs states that people's behaviors are guided or motivated by a sequence of needs.

True

Minimizing defects does not matter if an organization is making a product that no one wants to buy.

True

Modern quality management requires customer satisfaction, prefers prevention to inspection, and recognizes management responsibility for quality.

True

Most project managers agree that managing human resources effectively is one of the toughest challenges they face.

True

One innovative approach to hiring and retaining information technology staff is to offer existing employees incentives for helping recruit and retain personnel.

True

People who need institutional power or social power want to organize others to further the goals of the organization.

True

Project managers are ultimately responsible for quality management on their projects.

True

Project managers often do not have control over project staff who report to them.

True

Project managers often recommend that people take specific training courses to improve individual and team development.

True

Quality planning implies the ability to anticipate situations and prepare actions that bring about the desired outcome.

True

Testing needs to be done during almost every phase of the systems development life cycle.

True

Thamhain and Wilemon found that when project managers used work challenge and expertise to influence people, projects were more likely to succeed.

True

Key outputs of ____ process are project staff assignments, resource calendars, and project management plan updates. a. managing the project team c. developing the project team b. acquiring the project team d. developing the human resource plan

acquiring the project team

People with a high need for ____ desire harmonious relationships with other people and need to feel accepted by others. a. affiliation c. power b. money d. achievement

affiliation

The main outputs of ____ process are team performance assessments and enterprise environmental factors update. a. managing the project team c. developing the project team b. acquiring the project team d. human resource planning

developing the project team

It took only ____ years for 50 million people to use the Internet compared to 25 years for 50 million people to use telephones. a. three c. seven b. five d. nine

five

Human resource management includes ____ processes. a. three c. five b. four d. six

four

The highest level of needs in Maslow's structure is referred to as a ____ need. a. deficiency c. safety b. growth d. physiological

growth

The main outputs of ____ are a quality management plan, quality metrics, quality checklists, a process improvement plan, and project document updates. a. quality control c. quality assurance b. quality planning d. quality certification

quality planning

The ____ states that if seven data points in a row are all below the mean, above the mean, or are all increasing or decreasing, then the process needs to be examined for non-random problems. a. ten run rule c. seven run rule b. six 9s of quality rule d. Six Sigma rule

seven run rule