SPORT PSYC EXAM 6
Which coaching program has as its motto, "Athletes first, winning second"?
(ASEP) America Sport Education Program
According to statistics from the CDC in Atlanta what can be said about obesity among adult women in the US?
1/3 are obese
Fiatarone and various colleagues demonstrated that frail nursing home residents were able to improve their rate of ambulation over a 10-week exercise period. with regard to thigh muscle size what happened?
2.7% muscle growth
Females in 1904 represented 1% of the total participants in the recently revived Olympic Games. In the 2004 Games, the figure was closer to what?
40%
Joe is a blue-collar worker and you are trying to get him to join your fitness club. What is the most likely result of your efforts?
50% of people who join a fitness club drop out in 6 months or less
What is the estimated number of all professional football players in the NFL who will retire with serious physical impairment?
66%
What is the range estimates for the frequency of the runner's high?
9-78% (9-10 to 77-78) means we have a lot to learn
Joe Bob is a long time assistant coach in a good highschool football program. Most likely, how does the head coach view him?
A valuable asset in team success
To Knute Rockne, the coaching legend, being "keyed-up" was: a) Seen as detrimental to performance if overdone b) A plus in getting ready for a game, and the more the merrier c) Okay for his linemen but it was viewed as undesirable for ends and backs d) Encouraged as that was the key to preparedness
A) Seen as detrimental to performance if overdone
In his letters to a famous sport psychologist of the 1920s, the Notre Dame football coaching legend Knute Rockne: a) Demonstrated that coaching burnout was as prevalent then as now b) Placed a lot of emphasis on academics and a spirit of fair play c) Espoused a "win-at-all-costs" approach to the game even in those days d) Cast serious doubt on the role of psychological factors in determining sport performance
B) Placed a lot of emphasis on academics and a spirit of fair play
Dr. Hope, an exercise physiologist by training, has just completed an arithmetical calculation in which he divides a person's weight in pounds by his or her height and multiplies it by 703. what has he calculated?
BMI (body mass index)
This luminary travels the world giving talks and writing articles on racial issues in sport. He is also Director Emeritus of the National Consortium for Academics and Sports. Most likely, who is he?
Dr. Richard Lapcheck
Paul "bear" Lombardi-Knight, a football coach, uses a lot of positive reinforcement with his PeeWee players. If Smith and Smoll are correct, the end result of such an approach should produce what kind of player?
Happy players who enjoy the game more
Billy Joe Hardbody has coached the same Nation Football League team for 10 years. As, such what can be said about him?
He is a winning coach and has little failure
What can be said about Coach John Wooden of UCLA basketball fame?
He is the only one to make it as a coach and a player
More and more people are running marathons. What has been the effect of this increased participation on the average time it now takes to run such a race?
It takes longer for the race to end
The coach is using lot of body language in the process of communicating with his team. In communications terms, the coach is using what?
Kinesics
Only a few studies of ultramarathoners have been conducted so far. What can be said about the preliminary results from those studies?
Low anxiety levels Introverted Minor physiological problems
Drawing from treaties such as The Prince, what did Christie and Geis formulate?
Mach Scale Person's general strategy for dealing with people Machiavellianism
In comparison with two other samples of college students (one-time highschool players and non-athletes), collegiate football players in the LeUnes and Nation study were what?
More authoritarian on every sub-scale
The coach is riding one his players unmercifully, and is using a good deal of sarcasm in the process. Which type of communication is being used?
Paralanguage
Exercise dependence
Possessing any three of the symptoms of fatigue, withdrawal, intention effects, loss of control, excessive time, life conflicts, and unusual continuance define what?
Positive addiction is characterized most of all by what?
Reasonable and organize dedications Feeling of control increase Feel bad when not running or at practice CONTROL
Who is the psychologist that is mostly closely tied to the literature dealing with positive and negative addiction is?
Sachs
One of every six American youths is overweight. What can be said about this statement?
TRUE
With regard to fitness, it is safe to say what?
The popularity of the fitness movement has been a driving force in the creation of the descriptor for our field ... verbal outweighs physical commitment
only a few studies of ultra marathoners have been conducted thus far. Preliminary results have shown what about these people?
There are not really personality differences between them
What can be said about coaches with regard to authoritarianism?
They have well formed goals, take credit of wins and losses alike
Coach Craig Morton was a spokesman for the 40-hour week for professional football coaches. Most likely, Morton was doing what?
Violating the long standing time-honored coaching norm or whoever works the longest succeds
Coaches are expected to play roles which are what?
Winners, positive reflection on the organization, builders of character, money makers`
Female coaches: a) Are not nearly as likely to be married as are male coaches, and this is true at both the high school and college level b) Experience far more job security than males c) Are virtually never married which relieves one source of coaching stress d) Interestingly report the same degree of marital satisfaction as do male coaches
a) Are not nearly as likely to be married as are male coaches, and this is true at both the high school and college level
Frantic Francisco, a Type A personality, has recently joined a fitness group. Most likely, he will: a) Drop out because the feedback on fitness programs is often too slow b) Destroy the group because of his hedonistic pursuit of pleasure c) Work like a fiend to become a paragon of fitness d) Convert the energy of the Type A personality into fitness, as well as becoming a real spokesperson for the fitness movement
a) Drop out because the feedback on fitness programs is often too slow
In major league soccer, Hispanic coaches: a) Held only four of the available head coaching positions at the turn of this century b) Are quite common, given the popularity of the sport with Hispanics c) Hold over 50% of the coaching jobs d) Are nonexistent; Hispanics love to play the game but are not interested in coaching it
a) Held only four of the available head coaching positions at the turn of this century
Joe is a Type A personality with an addiction to running. Most likely, Joe: a) Is not unusual in that there is a positive correlation between the two variables b) Is an anomaly; Type A personalities are not all attracted to running c) Joe will progress to being an ultrarunner as such an undertaking appeals to Type A personalities d) Will be no more represented among runners than would be Type B personalities
a) Is not unusual in that there is a positive correlation between the two variables
Phase I of the Smoll and Smith CBAS research was conducted with: a) Little League baseball coaches b) Elite youth soccer coaches c) High school physical education classes d) High school football coaches
a) Little League baseball coaches
The coach with an understanding of the properties of the inverted-U will get his or her players ready to play: a) On an individual basis, realizing that some players react poorly to too much arousal b) In pretty much the same ways as they react about the same to pregame arousal methods c) By screaming, yelling, throwing things, and biting the heads off of frogs; players like and appreciate these kinds of arousal techniques d) By having them observe a minute or two of silence before a game so as to minimize arousal
a) On an individual basis, realizing that some players react poorly to too much arousal
Kayla is a devoted runner; she runs the same 3-mile course every day and makes no exceptions in that regard. Additionally, she works out in the same weight room at the same time every day. She concludes her routine with a daily weigh-in, a brief shower, and a leisurely walk back to work. In behavioral terms, Kayla is clearly: a) Using a goal-setting technique known as stimulus-cueing b) Going to crash and burn due to her compulsivity about exercise c) Using a covert behavioral contract to assist her exercise adherence rate d) Neurotic or psychotic
a) Using a goal-setting technique known as stimulus-cueing
The Swoosh symbol so closely identified with Nike sports products was drawn by a student who was paid the sum of ______ for his work: a) $35 b) $350 c) $3,500 d) $35,000
a) $35
Griest and a host of research collaborators have found running to be what?
as successful as and cheaper than traditional psychotherapy for depression.
50in50in50.com refers to: a) Attempts to attract runners to ultramarathon races of 50 miles b) A website put together by a marathon runner who completed 50 marathons in 50 states in 50 consecutive days c) Runners who attempt to run marathons in 50 different countries throughout Europe and Asia d) A group of 50 marathon runners over the age of 50 who have completed 50 marathons in their lives
b) A website put together by a marathon runner who completed 50 marathons in 50 states in 50 consecutive days
VO2 Max is: a) The heart rate needed to run marathons and ultraruns b) A widely accepted index used to assess aerobic capacity c) Point at which people die from excessive running, say in marathon races d) Measure that has been linked to the assessment of heart disease in older people
b) A widely accepted index used to assess aerobic capacity
I am an ultrarunner and I have run 350 miles in 80 hours, 148 miles in 24 hours on a treadmill, and completed 50 marathons in 50 states in 50 days. I am: a) William Morgan of Wisconsin b) Dean Karnazes of California c) Pablo Montoya of Mexico d) David Warady of California
b) Dean Karnazes of California
The ratio of male to female coaches coaching females today is roughly 50-50. This statement is: a) Partially true; these figures are accurate for high school athletics but not at the collegiate level b) Essentially true, though at one time the ratio was more like 90-10 in favor of females c) Essentially false; women coaches at all levels outnumber the men by a 3 to 1 margin d) Totally false; there are very few women coaching females except at the highest level of collegiate sports
b) Essentially true, though at one time the ratio was more like 90-10 in favor of females
The idea that people can make reasonable predictions about their future behaviors related to exercise is known as: a) Self-prophecy b) Exercise self-efficacy c) Self-actualization d) Individual versus collective efficacy
b) Exercise self-efficacy
Deanna, a volleyball coach, says she has burned out on her job. Coaching burnout: a) Occurs with just about all coaches if they stay in the profession long enough b) Is a very real phenomenon c) Occurs in a minority of coaches d) Is largely confined to coaches at the highest skill levels in sport
b) Is a very real phenomenon
Professor Jones has been asked by his sport psychology students to define the runner's high. In all likelihood, she will say that the runner's high: a) Happens to all runners if they stay with running long enough b) Is an elusive concept and probably will remain so for the foreseeable future c) Seldom occurs in ultrarunners d) Does not exist at all; it is the figment of someone's fertile imagination
b) Is an elusive concept and probably will remain so for the foreseeable future
Berniece is burned out from coaching. Research data suggests that she: a) Is very different from most female coaches; burnout is non-existent in females b) Is typical in that female coaches all report at some time in their careers a feeling of burnout c) May be experiencing feelings of entrapment in her job d) Will recover her lost desire for coaching with three sessions of rational-emotive therapy (RET)
b) Is typical in that female coaches all report at some time in their careers a feeling of burnout
Transcendence euphoric sensation, steady state stimulation, and existential drift are all terms used in lieu of the more popular: a) Positive addiction b) Runner's high c) Secondary exercise dependence d) Peak experience
b) Runner's high
Patricia finds that she feels relaxed after working out at the gym. She truly believes the "warm feeling" she gets from working out and perspiring is therapeutic. This sensation lends support to the ______ hypothesis as an explanation for the relaxing properties of exercise: a) Monoamine b) Thermogenic c) Psychotropic d) Epinephrine
b) Thermogenic
"Blowing out" refers to a process whereby coaches: a) Run themselves to the point of exhaustion in order to cope with the stresses of coaching b) Vent their frustrations with others like them and who will understand their predicament c) Lose control and start engaging in fights with opposing coaches d) Signal to each other that they are about to lose it during a game and do something stupid
b) Vent their frustrations with others like them and who will understand their predicament
Results of studies of effects of riding a bicycle and sexual dysfunction have shown what?
biking can lead to erectile dysfunction
Waneen Spirduso, in her experiments on simple reaction time, found: a) Young men of all levels of activity had better reaction times than active older men b) Older men of all levels of activity were highly variable in reaction time c) Active older men had similar reaction times to those of inactive men in the age range of 20 to 30 d) Old and young inactive males had virtually identical reaction times
c) Active older men had similar reaction times to those of inactive men in the age range of 20 to 30 Affected more by physical condition than age
In the early 1970s, many women's teams were coached by females. Title IX and the passage of time have: a) Virtually eliminated men from coaching positions with women's teams b) Not altered this picture much; things are pretty much the same today c) Altered this picture; women coaches have lost many positions to men d) Changed to the extent that men are not very interested in these coaching positions as there is little money in them
c) Altered this picture; women coaches have lost many positions to men
Coaching legend John Wooden of UCLA basketball fame has the honor of: a) Having the longest winning streak in college basketball history at 33 games b) Representing the United States as coach of the 2000 Olympic team c) Being the only person in the NCAA basketball Hall of Fame as both a player and coach d) Winning repeated championships as coach of both college and professional teams
c) Being the only person in the NCAA basketball Hall of Fame as both a player and coach
Positive addiction is characterized most of all by its: a) Reliance on lifting weights b) Involvement with endorphin release c) Controllability d) Associative and dissociative elements
c) Controllability
The lack of female role models and a shortage of high-level competitive experience are a part of what Burlingame refers to as ______: a) Vocational role diffusion b) Role conflict c) Incomplete occupational socialization d) Sex discrimination in coaching
c) Incomplete occupational socialization
Group cohesion as measured by the Group Environment Questionnaire: a) Is an interesting concept but has little or nothing to do with adherence to an exercise program b) Has been named the number one contributor to exercise adherence c) May well be a strong predictor of exercise adherence d) Is flawed because the instrument itself is so flawed
c) May well be a strong predictor of exercise adherence Exercising in small groups is conductive to continuing exercise
Coach Y is a believer in the powers of positive reinforcement in coaching. At the same time, he realizes that some punitive things must be done from time to time. In order for punishment to be effective, it must be: a) Accepted by and meted out by the team leaders b) Used with extreme care as athletes almost always react adversely to punishment c) Mild, prompt, and consistent d) Uniformly applied and generally harsh
c) Mild, prompt, and consistent
In 1964, a new company called Nike produced 1,300 pairs of jogging shoes. Thirty years later, the company sold 100 million pairs. These latter sales made Nike: a) Second in shoe sales to the market leader, Reebok b) Almost turn a profit for the year; footwear is a tough market in which to make money c) The sales leader with 34% of the footwear market d) Tied with New Balance in terms of footwear sales
c) The sales leader with 34% of the footwear market
Two forces greatly influenced women's sport participation in the 1970s. One was the Title IX legislation and the other was: a) The creation of female role models through the Olympics, women athletes such as Katarina Witt and Anna Kournakova b) The emergence of young female athletes from programs such as Little League softball c) The tremendous growth of interscholastic and intercollegiate sport d) A mandate from the NCAA that there had to be as many collegiate sports for women as there were for men
c) The tremendous growth of interscholastic and intercollegiate sport
The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) suggests that fitness is best achieved through aerobic training that raises the heart rate to a maximum of ______%: a) 75 b) 50 c) 90 d) 25
c) 90%
What is the most recent addition to the sources of stress for coaches in college athletic programs?
constant evolution by internet
the construct known as the hardiness is composed of what?
control, commitment, challange
I prepare for ultramarathons of up to 40 miles a day for 100 consecutive days, living on a diet of tofu, vegetable soup, and miso soup. Most likely I am: a) One of the many Kenyan runners who now dominate the world distance running scene b) Dean Karnazes, who has written books on weird training diets for ultrarunners c) Kip Keino who won the marathon in the 1996 Summer Olympic Games d) A Tendai monk of Mount Hiei in Japan
d) A Tendai monk of Mount Hiei in Japan
Research with coaches with regard to the trait of Machiavellianism suggests that: a) Females are far more manipulative in social interactions than are males b) Coaches are second only to members of the psychiatry profession on measures of the construct c) Coaches scoring high on measures of the trait are in serious need of counseling if they are to remain in the profession d) Coaches are probably similar to members of other professions matched for age and education
d) Coaches are probably similar to members of other professions matched for age and education Coaches are insensitive and are prone to manipulate people in order to win
The advisability of children under 18 running marathons: a) Has not come under scrutiny by experts due to its infrequency b) Is a contentious topic with experts on each side of the fence c) Was the major topic discussed at the latest conference of the President's Council on Youth Fitness and Sport d) Has given rise to a very negative stance on the issue among sport psychologists
d) Has given rise to a very negative stance on the issue among sport psychologists
The endorphin hypothesis concerning the positive effects of exercise: a) Has emerged as the most powerful of the four hypotheses put forth by Raglin and Morgan b) Kicks in if one runs races of 10,000 meters up to marathons c) Was popular in the 1980s but has been totally discredited by exercise physiologists d) Is an intriguing one but the research substantiation for it is sparse
d) Is an intriguing one but the research substantiation for it is sparse
Shirley is ending her collegiate career with the NCAA softball tournament in June. Once her college playing days are over, Shirley will probably: a) Suffer severe depression after having played the game for 15 or 16 years b) Make the transition to retirement with mild and lingering anxieties c) Have to undergo counseling from a sport psychologist to help with the transition to retirement d) Make the transition with a minimum of stress and strain
d) Make the transition with a minimum of stress and strain
The role of the sport psychologist working with a coach is: a) Very clearly spelled out by the ethics code created by AASP b) Occasionally fuzzy, but clear for the most part c) Very clearly delineated by agencies, such as the NCAA d) Quite ambiguous in most instances
d) Quite ambiguous in most instances
The latest research by Smoll, Smith, and assorted colleagues suggests that: a) Their earlier research on coaches' training was flawed and thus not applicable b) They have supported their earlier findings that trained coaches produced many desirable effects to include winning more games c) The principles learned in the later work with football coaches corroborates their earlier work in Little League baseball d) Their earlier work was right on target; trained coaches produce superior overall results
d) Their earlier work was right on target; trained coaches produce superior overall results
There are approximately 300 Division I collegiate basketball programs. John is a basketball coach at one of these Division I schools. Based on data from both 2000 and 2006, the chances he will be one of those fired from his job is about ______%: a) 25 b) 33 c) 50 d) 15
d) 15%
According to results of a study by Bahrke and Morgan, what can be said about quiet rest?
experienced similar reductions in state anxiety to exercise and meditation It is possible that the desirable effects with exercise may be much more long lasting than those related to mediation or rest
In a study of professional soccer players in Europe, what was reported as the biggest adjustment to retirement?
family life
What can be said about the relationship between addiction to running and injury rates?
highly significant rate
The gender of athletic director and the gender of coaches he or she hires is often the same. This phenomenon is often referred to as what?
homologous reprocution
What can be said about spousal support and exercise?
important. their input is a greater influence than your own
what can be said about physical education early in one's life at school?
it is important for physical fitness
Running a marathon or making a 5-mile march carrying a 40-pound backpack would qualify as an example of what?
long-durance aerobic exercie
What is meant by the 'greying' of america?
more old people are playing sports
there was an ultra marathon which was run the 3,000 miles from LA to NYC. what happened to the entrants in the grueling event?
only minor physiological problems "no physiological consequences"
What can be said about the relationship between coaching burnout and perfectionism?
perfectionism can lead one too coaching burnout
Black coaches are more likely to work with what sort of team athletes?
peripheral, IE not central
What can be said about the number of coaching positions available to women and the number of women holding positions?
positions available: 271% increase positions held: 40-50% decline
what does black sports writer Kevin Blackistone have to say about the number of black peers in his profession?
there aren't a lot, 95% white