Sport sociology test 2

When looking at research on participation in athletics and character development, ‎early research showed positive character development for athletes, but recent ‎research has shown...‎

Character development for athletes is showing more negative and less positive effects.

Although the United States and the Soviet Union have long dominated the medal race in the Olympics, trends show that the next country that will likely contend for the top spot is

China

Religion and/or religious views are used in the sports world by which of the following groups?

Coaches, athletes, team owners, and organizations.

Which of the following statements is false?

Due to advances in medical care, the number of people with disabilities is decreasing significantly.

African Americans dominate basketball, football, and track and field because of physiological differences.

False

After age 75, all competitive sports are simply unrealistic because the human body cannot tolerate the associated physical stress.

False

An athlete listening to Christian music through headphones prior to competition is an example of mixing religious beliefs with sport.

False

Asians are better at gymnastics, diving, figure and speed skating because they have a physiological and racial aptitude for these sports.

False

Athletes of today have been shown to be more considerate of others than previous generations.

False

Girls who participate in sport are less likely to be abused by men.

False

High performance and spectator sports tend to be more balanced in the approach to winning and good character in sports when compared to performance sports.

False

Intellectually speaking, whites make better coaches and managers than blacks.

False

Latin baseball players succeed in the NLB because of social and cultural influences, not because they can withstand the intense heat of the baseball field.

False

Schools in lower socio-economic areas win more male and female championships, have better facilities and have more athletes starting sports at younger ages.

False

Some of the barriers to good sporting behavior are too much emphasis placed on technique, playing your best and customs.

False

Stacking is a term to determine equal distribution of athletes by position and race.

False

The NAIA ran women's college sports programs until 1981.

False

The athlete oath "Let me win, but if I cannot win, let me be brave in the attempt" is from the Paralympic games.

False

The popularity of the Olympics have led to an increase of nationalism of sport.

False

Title IX was passed in 1972 to assure equal opportunities for women in sports and science.

False

Today's athletes are more respectful of the spirit of sport, other athletes and officials than previous generations.

False

Whites are genetically superior in winter sports such as skiing, skating and sledding.

False

Race refers to the cultural heritage of a group, while ethnicity describes members of society that have genetic similarities.

False -

In 1972 at the Mexico City Olympics African American athletes made an unofficial protest again oppression by holding up their fists during the national anthem.

False - 1968 Mexico City had the "Black Salute"

The United States has had the most enduring impact on sports worldwide.

False - Great Britain colonized more countries and exchanged more sports around the globe.

It is predicted by 2050 whites will be replaced by Hispanics as the majority race in the U.S.

False - Minorities together will make up half of the population

The Olympics are held at the same place every Olympiad, Olympic bidding has had scandals and bribery and Olympic judges determine the venue for the Olympics.

False - Olympics are NOT held at the same place every Olympiad.

Brown v. Board of Education established that public schools could provide separate but equal education programs by race and Plessy v. Ferguson ruled that agencies had to stop separating schools and services based on race.

False - Plessy = Separate but equal Brown = stop segregating schools

The 1968 Berlin Olympics were called "Black September" because Palestinian terrorists kidnapped and killed 11 Israeli athletes.

False - The 1972 Olympics were the Black September

Standing locations, athletes marching by event and elimination of national anthems have been recommended as steps to decrease globalization at the Olympics.

False - These are steps to decrease nationalism

Historically, international competition is driven by economic goals, but recently has seen a shift toward national pride.

False - national pride was driving force, now its economics

The 1936 Munich Olympics were called the "Nazi Olympics" because they showed the world the extreme political views of the Nazi Party.

False - the nazi olympics were in berlin

The first Olympics games included a foot race and discus throw.

False - was only foot race

Blacks are underrepresented in basketball and football in NCAA Division I schools.

False- overrepresented in basketball and football

1. Which of the following is FALSE about girls and sport?

Girls in the game

The textbook defines special populations to include which of the following?

Individuals who have physical or mental disabilities

Several national religious organizations use sports to attract young athletes and help them learn about religion. Which of the following is not an example of such an organization?

Jocks for jesus

Which explains the views or beliefs of Muscular Christianity?

Keeping your body strong and pure because you believe it is God's gift or temple

Participating in or watching sports such as boxing, wrestling, auto racing, bowling, motorcycle racing, or weightlifting is typical of the

Lower Class

1. Sports that are available through schools and community programs such as football, soccer, basketball, baseball, softball, and volleyball are most likely to be chosen by the

Middle class

The Olympic Games has traditionally been organized by the leaders of the upper and upper-middle classes, who preferred amateur athletes, yet most Olympic champions come from

Middle class

According to research conducted by the Josephson Institute using data collected from 4,200 high school athletes, which of the following statements is not true?

More than two thirds of athletes think that winning is more important than being considered a good sport.

1. Around the world, opportunities for women in sport have grown rapidly in recent years ‎except in ‎

Muslim countries

Although we like to think that anyone can become a champion athlete through talent, hard work, and perseverance, the truth is that social class has a significant effect on success in sport. Discuss the effects of social class on the odds of athletic success.

People tend to gravitate toward sports that are popular with their families, friends, and social contacts. Economic limitations prevent many superior athletes from pursuing careers in certain skill and individual sports. Affordable team sports are the choice of the middle class while the lower classes tend to embrace more violent and masculine sports. The costs for coaching, training, and competing put high-performance training out of reach for a majority of families. Community-based and school-based training is the best option for families with average incomes, and that training is available primarily in team sports.

Which of the following is TRUE about disabilities?

Persons with disabilities are 3 times more likely to live in poverty.

1. Which of the following is not a determinant of social class?

Physical ability

The athlete oath "Let me win, but if I cannot win, let me be brave in the attempt" is from the...

Special Olympics

Which of the following is TRUE regarding deviance in sports?

The use of physical violence within the rules of the game, but bordering on malicious or intentional acts is an example of over-conformity

Which of the following is considered the most significant conflict between sport and religion in today's society?

The violent nature of sport

"No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance" describes

Title IX

Which of the following is TRUE about Title IX?

Title IX compliance can be accomplished by demonstrating proof of one of the following: proportionality, history and

1. The success of boxers is more related to social and economic status than physicality and violence in their backgrounds.

True

Across the board when white and black vertical jumps are examined, white athletes have lower verticals than black athletes.

True

Athletes of all ages have international competition opportunities.

True

Children involved in recreational, athlete organized sport are more likely to learn to work for a common goal, accept their role and learn to deal with winning.

True

Ethical behavior is exhibited by an athlete when they are involved in participation for the pleasure gained from a fair and hard-fought contest.

True

For older adults, the social interaction gained through sports is just as important as the physical workout.

True

Girls tend to exhibit more sportsmanlike behavior than boys and have a deeper commitment to honesty and fair play.

True

In 2050, the majority US population will be minority groups making the whites a minority in US.

True

In the 1950's racial sport participation percentages matched U.S. racial percentages.

True

Keeping your body strong and pure as a temple for God and to develop good values are the basis of Muscular Christianity.

True

One of the most significant displays of nationalism in sports is in the olympic medal ceremony where the Gold Medalist has their national anthem played while raising their country's flag.

True

One of the most significant displays of nationalism in sports is playing the national anthem of the gold medalist in the Olympics.

True

Proportionality of M/F athletes, History of progress and Accommodation of interest are the 3 prongs of requirements of Title IX.

True

Recommendations to improve diversity in athletics is to increase the numbers of minority sports journalists, coaches and administrators.

True

Researchers have found that each country reports more favorable views towards their own athletes and more mentions of negative events from other country's athletes.

True

Sports through schools and community programs such as football, soccer, basketball, baseball, softball, and volleyball are most likely to be chosen by athletes from the middle class.

True

Stages of moral development give us a moral blueprint of how sporting behavior develops from fear of punishment, right/wrong and ultimately, conscientious decision making.

True

Symbolic religious practices are believed to be in harmony with the supernatural.

True

The Golden Age of Sports were the 1920's - 30's.

True

The early U.S. settlers, mainly the Puritans, believed that the purpose of the body was to work for survival and worship not to play games.

True

The majority of Olympic athletes come from upper class families, but the majority of Olympic champions come from the middle class.

True

The majority of funds to support American Olympic athletes do not come from the U.S. government.

True

The modern Olympics were recreated by Baron Pierre de Coubertin, a French educator, as an international competition for amateur athletes.

True

The most supported theory of how the Olympics started was as a celebration of Zeus or to decide on a guardian for Zeus.

True

The power in local sports is in the hands of administrators and boards of directors (parents & politicians), while the people who control the money for the organization from upper class or upper-middle class control most sports at the national level.

True

The violent nature of sport is today's biggest conflict between sports and religion.

True

The majority of funds to support American Olympic athletes does not come from

US Government

Which group(s) is/are least likely to be active and live a healthy lifestyle?

Women, those with disabilities, and those from the lower socioeconomic groups

The change from restricting the Olympic Games to amateur athletes to welcoming professional athletes was not a result of

a benefit to American athletes

The United States Olympic Committee was created as the coordinating body for all Olympic related athletic activities

by the Amateur Sports Act of 1978 of the U.S. Congress

1. Athletes at any level who take performance-enhancing substances are operating at what level of moral behavior?

conventional—good boy or girl

1. One of the unintended effects of Title IX has been

dropping of some men's sports in schools and colleges to ensure equal funding for both genders

The Olympic motto is the Latin phrase citius, altius, fortius, which means

faster, higher, stronger

Poor sporting behavior is more likely to occur in

high performance sports—youth

According to a report from the Citizens Through Sports Alliance, a national coalition of major sports organizations, youth sports received a passing grade or better in the areas of health and safety, officiating, and coaching. Which areas received Ds in the report?

parental behavior

The 3 arguments that can be used to assist a program with showing that they meet Title ýIX requirements are...

proportionality, history of progress and accommodation of interest.

Wimbledon still gives a smaller monetary award for females that win

true

Which was the first Olympiad to have women athletes from every country represented?

2012 Olympics

1. In spite of the popularity gains by women's sports in recent years, the percentage of televised sports that are women's events is

6%

What were 2 most significant outcomes of Berlin Olympics for the Americans?

Acknowledgement that a black man represented the U.S. and could no longer ignore the way the Nazis were treating Jewish people.

Which of the following are objectives of the International Olympic Committee? a To develop local economies and prevent the spread of HIV and AIDS b.Rehabilitation of war victims and bringing hope to refugees. c All answers are objectives of the IOC. d. To bring sport to rural and underdeveloped communities.

All answers are objectives of the IOC

Football and baseball tend to draw spectators from which of the following social classes?

All social classes

Which of the following are difficulties that can use sport as a distraction from life?

All the above

Which components make up the female athlete triad?

Amenorrhea, osteporosis & disordered eating

There is less deviance from playing by the rules today in sports than there has been in the past. Which of the following is NOT a contributing factor to this change?

Athletes of today are more considerate of others.

There is less deviance from playing by the rules today in sports than there has been in the past. Which of the following is not a contributing factor to this change?

Athletes today are more considerate.

1. Which sports are the LEAST likely to be associated with athletes who develop eating disorders?

Basketball and Baseball

Good sporting behavior means

Behaving ethically in sports

Which of the following statements is false regarding the Special Olympics and the Paralympics?

Both competitions are organized, supervised, and partially funded by the United States Olympic Committee.

Which court ruling established that public schools and agencies had to stop separating schools and services based on race?

Brown v. Board of Education