Sports management final
Taylorism can be summarized with the idea that workers should not be doing the same job in different ways, but instead in the "one best way" (most efficient way). In the aftermath of the Hawthorne studies and the growth of Organization Behavior, Taylorism became even more dominant.
False
The balance sheet of a college athletic department will include owner's equity
False
The introduction of the DVR (Digital Video Recorder) represented mostly a home convenience improvement and did not affect the broadcast industry
False
There are no instances where league and players associations have agreed to restrictive practices concerning player salaries.
False
US public schools were quicker to embrace the value of exercise and play than private schools
False
Because professional teams tend to be able to operate as a monopoly,
Fans pay more for tickets local government and local tax payers pay larger share of construction costs
Good sports market research pays LESS attention to which of the following:
Focuses on the creation of the broadest possible message that has some appeal to most people
Title IX is the comprehensive statute aimed at eliminating sex discrimination in educational institutions that receive federal funding. It focuses on three main areas. Indicate which one below is not one of those areas.
Gender quotas for faculty and administration
Which of the following statements concerning the trade-off between financing through debt or equity is true?
Generally, financing with debt carries more risk than equity but it is less expensive.
The modern Olympic Games adopted the club format and was first held in what year?
1896
This applies when one party agrees to act for and under the direction of another party
Agency law
The Sport Broadcasting Act of 1961
Allowed leagues to negotiate with broadcasters on behalf of all its teams
Which of the following are not one of the basic sports management structures.
Association
Which professional sport was granted an exemption from antitrust law?
Baseball
Innovations attributed to this individual include bat day giveaways, exploding scoreboards and special theme nights for students, scouts and church groups
Bill Veeck
the first stadiums in the US were initially constructed for
College football or professional baseball
Answering each question professionally and courteously wins a lifelong fan. This is an example of what skill?
Communication
This applies when there is a written or oral agreement between two or more parties which creates legal obligation to fulfill the promises
Contract law
Today, _______________________ are almost always publicly owned facilities built to lure business meetings to a municipality.
Convention centers
This division supports philosophy of competitiveness, generating revenue through athletics and national success
Division I
This division must sponsor at least 10 sports and have at least two team sports for each gender and can only provide modest athletic scholarships
Division II
This division emphasizes participation, placing primary emphasis on regional in-season and conference competition
Division III
Which of the following is the birthplace of modern sport and sport management?
England
__________________ is the amount of their own money owners have invested in the firm
Equity
A valid contract must have the following elements except:
Expiration date
A luxury tax is a tax that government levies on the rental of stadium luxury boxes.
False
Charging admission through ticket sales is especially important for medium-sized and small events
False
Curt Flood is most remembered for breaking the racial barrier in baseball
False
Gender and religion can never be BFOQ
False
Good sports marketing involves convincing consumers that the team will win most of its games
False
Handing out some free tickets to an event is always a good idea because you can still get concession money out of the customer
False
If added sales revenue attributable to a sponsorship is not readily identifiable and does not exceed the cost of the sponsorship within a year's time, then the sponsorship should never move forward.
False
In the 20th century, high school sports were seen as detrimental to student retention and graduation rates
False
It is good to push for a prompt response from a sponsorship candidate because the more time that elapses, the less likelihood there is of an agreement being reached.
False
Professional leagues are monopolies that face direct competition for the products and services they produce.
False
Segmentation is useful as a marketing tool only if it is based on income.
False
The first arenas in the US were initially constructed for
Hockey
Which of the following is not a challenge that confronts a sports enterprise executives seeking to secure sponsorships?
How can we continue to increase the fees that we charge sponsors without providing them with additional benefits and/or a higher level of service?
This Olympic committee has final authority on all questions concerning the Olympic Games
IOC
The risk for tax-increment financing (TIF) for stadiums and arenas is
Insufficient increase in the tax base
This applies when a plaintiff challenges a rule in a sports organization and the court determines whether it should look into the sport organization's decision.
Judicial review
While Red Grange had one in the 1920's, the first truly successful sport agent was
Mark McCormack
This professional sports league receives the largest broadcasting rights fees
NFL
This Olympic committee has the authority to designate cities that may bid to host Olympic Games in their respective countries
NOC
This Olympic committee is responsible for planning, implementing and staging the Olympic Games
OCOG
The following is not a key skill in sports management
Preserving the status quo
Risk management involves the development of a strategy to maintain greater control over legal uncertainty and this centers on these two objectives:
Prevention and intervention
The 4 P's of marketing also apply to sports marketing. They are:
Price, Product, Promotion and Place
A typical sponsorship benefits package includes all but one of the following:
Rights to exert influence on player and personnel decisions
Growth in sport broadcasting was dominated by the actions of these two men
Roone Arledge and Pete Rozelle
Which of the following are not part of the decision-making steps
Select the most affordable alternative
Indicate which is not one of the four prime areas of constitutional law for Sports Management
Separation of Powers
League revenues derive from all of the following except one. Indicate the exception
preferred seating sales
Asking the question, "What else needs to be done?" is an example of what skill?
Taking initiative
Which of the following is not an example of judicial review of an athletic association decision?
The decision involves an on-field decision by an umpire or referee
An agent's fiduciary duties include all of the following except:
To challenge the wisdom of principal's directives as appropriate
A principal's fiduciary duties include all of the following except:
To specify the applicable span of time for service
This applies when an injury or wrong is suffered as the result of another's improper conduct
Tort liability
A big reason that licensed sports apparel is so profitable is because fans will buy such products because it draws them closer to their beloved organizations and athletes
True
Amazon, Verizon and Twitter have all paid significant rights fees in recent years to telecast NFL games
True
An important function of the Faculty Athletics Representative is to be an advocate for the student-athlete when legitimate academic conflicts occur between a faculty member and the student-athlete's involvement with a school sports team.
True
As college athletics has become more complex and business-like, colleges and universities are looking more and more to the corporate world for CEOs or administrators with business backgrounds to run their athletics department.
True
A Properties Division does all but one of the following
provides security for the playing facilities
Funding college athletic facility constuction is quite different than for professional sports.
True
In the 20th century, educators touted athletics as a tool to prepare for the rigors of modern life and democracy and to assimilate immigrants into American culture
True
One of the most important assets that major professional sports franchises possess is their membership in the league in the league to which they belong.
True
ROO (return on objectives) is a more practical way to evaluate a sponsorship than ROI (return on investment).
True
Sports management firms often affiliate with a law firm as each fills a void by providing services that the other does not offer.
True
The development of competing leagues created competition for players and thus higher salaries
True
The idea of two or more companies joining together to capitalize on a sponsorship arrangement is becoming increasing popular and effective.
True
The multi-year commitment that goes along with a sponsorship is a major reason why sports organizations seek sponsorships.
True
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a federal law that prohibits employers from discriminating against employees on the basis of sex, race, color, national origin and religion. A bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ) would allow for certain exceptions and would be a legitimate defense
True
Trademark is a word, name, or symbol used by a manufacturer or merchant to identify and distinguish its goods from those manufactured and sold by others
True
The current issues most challenging to the sports broadcasting industry are all but one of the following:
US households' overall declining interest in entertainment
The distinction between negligence and gross negligence hinges on...
Whether the act was reckless
This individual founded the National League of Professional Baseball Players.
William Hulbert
The home team controls the rights to a broadcast according to
a 1938 court case Pittsburgh Athletic Co. v. KQV Broadcasting Co.
Today's sport sponsorship can be described as:
a discipline involving serious research, large investments and strategic planning
Good risk management helps to diminish all of the following worrisome outcomes associated with a sports event but one. Indicate the exception.
a dismal won/lost record
The evolution of collegiate athletics over the past couple of decades has included
a growth in the number of international student-athletes participating.
Identify sales strategy: Providing continued satisfaction and reinforcement to individuals or organizations who are past or current customers
aftermarketing
Colleges connect with manufacturers to use school trademarks on products for all but one of the following reasons
any payment to the manufacturer is typically heavily discounted
Strikes and lockouts in pro sports
are more disruptive than in other industries because of lack of replacement players
During and right after World War I, schools' sports for males were promoted as:
as a source of physical training for the armed forces
Sport sponsors use hospitality for all these reasons except one
as an opportunity to clear unsold inventory by giving such items away for free
Bill Veeck believed and operated under the philosophy that fans came to the ballpark to:
be entertained
Pete Rozelle accomplished all but one of the following
became the NFL's first Commissioner
In the 21st century, the golf community has
been forced to reevaluate its management and marketing practices.
The largest source of revenue for the Olympics comes from
broadcast rights
Sales in the sport industry places an emphasis on the importance of:
building long-term relationships with customers.
Mark McCormick and IMG was significant in sports management
by creating a niche in sports marketing that included star athlete representation
Indicate which is not an advantage that a large sports agency firm has over a small one.
can provide more focused attention on the individual needs and concerns of the athlete
The following are assertions about salary caps. What one is not true?
caps allow low-revenue teams to cut their payrolls to stay competitive
The Knight Commission was formed in 1989 to propose a reform agenda for intercollegiate athletics. All of the following areas had legislative rules passed by the NCAA from recommendations proposed by the Knight Commission except:
conference realignment
Good public relations for a sporting event require all but one of the following
consistent and traditional approach
The philosophy behind a 'hard' salary cap is to:
constrain all franchises to spend the same amount on payroll
Which of the following is not one of the four key management functions.
controlling
The facility that has the greatest economic impact on a municipality is
convention center
Identify the sales strategy: Proactively assisting and informing customers to better utilize and leverage investment with the organization
edu-selling
The global sports community is utilizing sports to make the following positive contributions in all but one of the following areas. Indicate the exception
encourage competition between people of different backgrounds
A central objective for implementing advanced technology in the sports management field is to:
ensure effective customer data collection
thoroughbred horse racing in the mid-eighteenth century:
existed primarily for the entertainment of wealthy club members
After proving successful in England in the late 1700's, thoroughbred racing, utilizing the club format, proved to be just as popular in the U.S.
false
Drug testing athletes has been challenged under the equal protection provision of the 14th Amendment of the Constitution
false
Sport marketers define _______________ as the personal commitment and emotional involvement customers have with a sport organization.
fan identification
People tend to be resistant to change for the following reasons except:
fear of being given too much control
Monday Night Football accomplished all but one of the following
first opened the door for former football players to be TV analysts
North America's first pro sport league, the National League, emerged in 1876 and set guidelines in all of the following areas but one. Indicate the exception.
framework for the World Series
Fred Corcoran generated a strong interest in golf by doing all but one of the following:
generated huge prize money largely through a jump in gate receipts
The essence of sports management is
getting workers to perform such that the firm's goals are met in an efficient and cost-effective manner
The Jockey Club performed the following functions except:
had an elaborate training program for jockeys
Strictly for purposes of improving competitive balance, which of the following approaches is most effective:
hard salary cap
Mark McCormack, founder of IMG, explained that selling in the sports industry consists of all of the following except:
having a team with a winning record
The role of the Commissioner includes all but one of the following
hiring of managers/coaches
The competitive balance issue in professional sports is
important because the greater the uncertainty of outcome, the greater the entertainment value for fans.
Walter O'Malley, who was most famous for moving the Brooklyn Dodgers to Los Angeles, was a key figure
in promoting sports management as a field of study.
Hard taxes
include taxes on local income, real estate, personal property
Complying with Title IX may require all but one of the following. Select the exception
institution choosing to eliminate sports programs and funding for the underrepresented sex.
The American Disabilities Act (ADA)
is a far-reaching law that affects the treatment of disabled individuals as well as the accessibility of facilities both within and outside the sports world.
The following is true concerning the Paralympic games except
is fully funded by the IOC
Website development surrounding a particular sports event
is imperative regardless of the size of the gathering
The club system is different from the US system because it
is not associated with scholastic activities
The issuance of tax-exempt municipal bonds
is now largely disallowed for stadiums because it was ruled as an inappropriate taxpayer subsidy favoring sports team owners.
The biggest determinant of how much broadcasters will pay for broadcast rights fees
is the estimation of how money can be made by selling advertising for this programming
In the area of sports analytics, wearable technology is proving problematic because
it has triggered a battle for control over personal data
Revenues kept by local teams include all but one of the following. Select the exception
league-wide sponsorship programs
The multiplier effect is overstated when it comes to stadium/arena construction because
many fans at the game would have spent money elsewhere in the region
Which of these current events best represents the club structure
masters
Coaches and sports agents are
now working together to get coaches better compensation and financial assistance
Marvin Miller
organized baseball players as a true labor union which gave them more control
The initial collegiate athletic contests were:
organized by students.
The game of golf
originated with the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews, Scotland
Sports managers need to be able to organize and work with _________, the most important asset in their organization.
people
Financial managers in the sport industry use analytics to do all but one of the following:
perform payroll function including the cutting of paychecks
Sports agents should do all of the following except one. Indicate the exception
place emphasis on the latest noteworthy athletic accomplishment
From its very beginning, the National League proved to be successful in baseball for the following reasons except
providing healthy competition for the American League
The role of managers can be challenging as they try to
reach organizational goals and objectives assess the needs of their employees. utilize appropriate skills to meet the needs of employees All of these are correct.
Besides driving up sales, sponsorships can do all but one of the following:
reduce overall promotional expenses
While all leagues started out as more of a hobby than a business for the early owners, only the NFL continues to be dominated by family/individual ownership. This is because
revenue sharing takes away much of the risk of losing money
The biggest reason teams move to another city is to seek
revenue streams associated with a new and innovative stadium design
Besides hosting team sporting events, arenas see most of their additional revenue coming from these three main sources. Indicate the exception
rodeos
Which of the following is NOT true about the AIAW (Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women)
secured a lucrative deal in which NBC broadcasted the AIAW championships
Initiative
shows your employer your commitment to working in sport industry
The video streaming services of Apple iPhone, Netflix and Amazon have
signaled a disruption in the business of broadcasting sports
ESPN became a sports television force for all but one of the following reasons:
televising the 1975 Ali-Frazier fight
Which of the following is not true about baseball parks/stadium
the "cookie-cutter" shared stadiums provided excellent returns as a public investment as well as enhanced fan enjoyment.
Which of the following was not a factor in the growth of sports agency
the absence of players' associations
Which of the following are not reasons for the growth of sponsorships
the business case for engaging in a sponsorship is getting easier to discern
In the late 1800's, the concept of professionally managing a sports event arose because of
the desire to increase profits
Group decision making should be used when:
the fairness of the decision is highly valued
The major reason postgame footage rights have gone up substantially in value is due to
the increased demand generated by programs such as Sports Center and NFL Primetime
The biggest ethics issue for the athletic footwear industry is
the paying of unfair and low wages in unsafe working conditions overseas
Select the statement about sports organizations and the media which is untrue.
there is no symbiotic relationship between the media and sports organizations
The biggest reason for the latest surge in extravagant NFL stadium construction is
to compete with the 'at home' big screen experience
A sports agent often travels with the athlete and tends to daily distractions so the athlete can be focused on playing
true
Organization politics arises when individuals pursue their own self-interest over the agenda of the organization.
true
Which of the following issues is not a key problem in the sports agent profession
undercutting the fees of the competition
Identify sales strategy: Never be satisfied with simply renewing customer at current level of involvement
up-selling
Identify sales strategy: Sport organizations strive to move customers from purchasing single-game tickets to mini-ticket plans to season ticket packages
up-selling
As baseball's commissioner, Judge Kenesaw Mountain Landis
was granted authority to investigate and impose penalties when individuals were suspected of acting against the best interests of the game
The growth of the sports marketing profession
was initially held back by a one-size-fits-all mentality and a lack of foresight.
Race and gender in sports management positions
will not be fairly solved without concerted efforts by owners and commissioners
