Sports management final

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Taylorism can be summarized with the idea that workers should not be doing the same job in different ways, but instead in the "one best way" (most efficient way). In the aftermath of the Hawthorne studies and the growth of Organization Behavior, Taylorism became even more dominant.

False

The balance sheet of a college athletic department will include owner's equity

False

The introduction of the DVR (Digital Video Recorder) represented mostly a home convenience improvement and did not affect the broadcast industry

False

There are no instances where league and players associations have agreed to restrictive practices concerning player salaries.

False

US public schools were quicker to embrace the value of exercise and play than private schools

False

Because professional teams tend to be able to operate as a monopoly,

Fans pay more for tickets local government and local tax payers pay larger share of construction costs

Good sports market research pays LESS attention to which of the following:

Focuses on the creation of the broadest possible message that has some appeal to most people

Title IX is the comprehensive statute aimed at eliminating sex discrimination in educational institutions that receive federal funding. It focuses on three main areas. Indicate which one below is not one of those areas.

Gender quotas for faculty and administration

Which of the following statements concerning the trade-off between financing through debt or equity is true?

Generally, financing with debt carries more risk than equity but it is less expensive.

The modern Olympic Games adopted the club format and was first held in what year?

1896

This applies when one party agrees to act for and under the direction of another party

Agency law

The Sport Broadcasting Act of 1961

Allowed leagues to negotiate with broadcasters on behalf of all its teams

Which of the following are not one of the basic sports management structures.

Association

Which professional sport was granted an exemption from antitrust law?

Baseball

Innovations attributed to this individual include bat day giveaways, exploding scoreboards and special theme nights for students, scouts and church groups

Bill Veeck

the first stadiums in the US were initially constructed for

College football or professional baseball

Answering each question professionally and courteously wins a lifelong fan. This is an example of what skill?

Communication

This applies when there is a written or oral agreement between two or more parties which creates legal obligation to fulfill the promises

Contract law

Today, _______________________ are almost always publicly owned facilities built to lure business meetings to a municipality.

Convention centers

This division supports philosophy of competitiveness, generating revenue through athletics and national success

Division I

This division must sponsor at least 10 sports and have at least two team sports for each gender and can only provide modest athletic scholarships

Division II

This division emphasizes participation, placing primary emphasis on regional in-season and conference competition

Division III

Which of the following is the birthplace of modern sport and sport management?

England

__________________ is the amount of their own money owners have invested in the firm

Equity

A valid contract must have the following elements except:

Expiration date

A luxury tax is a tax that government levies on the rental of stadium luxury boxes.

False

Charging admission through ticket sales is especially important for medium-sized and small events

False

Curt Flood is most remembered for breaking the racial barrier in baseball

False

Gender and religion can never be BFOQ

False

Good sports marketing involves convincing consumers that the team will win most of its games

False

Handing out some free tickets to an event is always a good idea because you can still get concession money out of the customer

False

If added sales revenue attributable to a sponsorship is not readily identifiable and does not exceed the cost of the sponsorship within a year's time, then the sponsorship should never move forward.

False

In the 20th century, high school sports were seen as detrimental to student retention and graduation rates

False

It is good to push for a prompt response from a sponsorship candidate because the more time that elapses, the less likelihood there is of an agreement being reached.

False

Professional leagues are monopolies that face direct competition for the products and services they produce.

False

Segmentation is useful as a marketing tool only if it is based on income.

False

The first arenas in the US were initially constructed for

Hockey

Which of the following is not a challenge that confronts a sports enterprise executives seeking to secure sponsorships?

How can we continue to increase the fees that we charge sponsors without providing them with additional benefits and/or a higher level of service?

This Olympic committee has final authority on all questions concerning the Olympic Games

IOC

The risk for tax-increment financing (TIF) for stadiums and arenas is

Insufficient increase in the tax base

This applies when a plaintiff challenges a rule in a sports organization and the court determines whether it should look into the sport organization's decision.

Judicial review

While Red Grange had one in the 1920's, the first truly successful sport agent was

Mark McCormack

This professional sports league receives the largest broadcasting rights fees

NFL

This Olympic committee has the authority to designate cities that may bid to host Olympic Games in their respective countries

NOC

This Olympic committee is responsible for planning, implementing and staging the Olympic Games

OCOG

The following is not a key skill in sports management

Preserving the status quo

Risk management involves the development of a strategy to maintain greater control over legal uncertainty and this centers on these two objectives:

Prevention and intervention

The 4 P's of marketing also apply to sports marketing. They are:

Price, Product, Promotion and Place

A typical sponsorship benefits package includes all but one of the following:

Rights to exert influence on player and personnel decisions

Growth in sport broadcasting was dominated by the actions of these two men

Roone Arledge and Pete Rozelle

Which of the following are not part of the decision-making steps

Select the most affordable alternative

Indicate which is not one of the four prime areas of constitutional law for Sports Management

Separation of Powers

League revenues derive from all of the following except one. Indicate the exception

preferred seating sales

Asking the question, "What else needs to be done?" is an example of what skill?

Taking initiative

Which of the following is not an example of judicial review of an athletic association decision?

The decision involves an on-field decision by an umpire or referee

An agent's fiduciary duties include all of the following except:

To challenge the wisdom of principal's directives as appropriate

A principal's fiduciary duties include all of the following except:

To specify the applicable span of time for service

This applies when an injury or wrong is suffered as the result of another's improper conduct

Tort liability

A big reason that licensed sports apparel is so profitable is because fans will buy such products because it draws them closer to their beloved organizations and athletes

True

Amazon, Verizon and Twitter have all paid significant rights fees in recent years to telecast NFL games

True

An important function of the Faculty Athletics Representative is to be an advocate for the student-athlete when legitimate academic conflicts occur between a faculty member and the student-athlete's involvement with a school sports team.

True

As college athletics has become more complex and business-like, colleges and universities are looking more and more to the corporate world for CEOs or administrators with business backgrounds to run their athletics department.

True

A Properties Division does all but one of the following

provides security for the playing facilities

Funding college athletic facility constuction is quite different than for professional sports.

True

In the 20th century, educators touted athletics as a tool to prepare for the rigors of modern life and democracy and to assimilate immigrants into American culture

True

One of the most important assets that major professional sports franchises possess is their membership in the league in the league to which they belong.

True

ROO (return on objectives) is a more practical way to evaluate a sponsorship than ROI (return on investment).

True

Sports management firms often affiliate with a law firm as each fills a void by providing services that the other does not offer.

True

The development of competing leagues created competition for players and thus higher salaries

True

The idea of two or more companies joining together to capitalize on a sponsorship arrangement is becoming increasing popular and effective.

True

The multi-year commitment that goes along with a sponsorship is a major reason why sports organizations seek sponsorships.

True

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a federal law that prohibits employers from discriminating against employees on the basis of sex, race, color, national origin and religion. A bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ) would allow for certain exceptions and would be a legitimate defense

True

Trademark is a word, name, or symbol used by a manufacturer or merchant to identify and distinguish its goods from those manufactured and sold by others

True

The current issues most challenging to the sports broadcasting industry are all but one of the following:

US households' overall declining interest in entertainment

The distinction between negligence and gross negligence hinges on...

Whether the act was reckless

This individual founded the National League of Professional Baseball Players.

William Hulbert

The home team controls the rights to a broadcast according to

a 1938 court case Pittsburgh Athletic Co. v. KQV Broadcasting Co.

Today's sport sponsorship can be described as:

a discipline involving serious research, large investments and strategic planning

Good risk management helps to diminish all of the following worrisome outcomes associated with a sports event but one. Indicate the exception.

a dismal won/lost record

The evolution of collegiate athletics over the past couple of decades has included

a growth in the number of international student-athletes participating.

Identify sales strategy: Providing continued satisfaction and reinforcement to individuals or organizations who are past or current customers

aftermarketing

Colleges connect with manufacturers to use school trademarks on products for all but one of the following reasons

any payment to the manufacturer is typically heavily discounted

Strikes and lockouts in pro sports

are more disruptive than in other industries because of lack of replacement players

During and right after World War I, schools' sports for males were promoted as:

as a source of physical training for the armed forces

Sport sponsors use hospitality for all these reasons except one

as an opportunity to clear unsold inventory by giving such items away for free

Bill Veeck believed and operated under the philosophy that fans came to the ballpark to:

be entertained

Pete Rozelle accomplished all but one of the following

became the NFL's first Commissioner

In the 21st century, the golf community has

been forced to reevaluate its management and marketing practices.

The largest source of revenue for the Olympics comes from

broadcast rights

Sales in the sport industry places an emphasis on the importance of:

building long-term relationships with customers.

Mark McCormick and IMG was significant in sports management

by creating a niche in sports marketing that included star athlete representation

Indicate which is not an advantage that a large sports agency firm has over a small one.

can provide more focused attention on the individual needs and concerns of the athlete

The following are assertions about salary caps. What one is not true?

caps allow low-revenue teams to cut their payrolls to stay competitive

The Knight Commission was formed in 1989 to propose a reform agenda for intercollegiate athletics. All of the following areas had legislative rules passed by the NCAA from recommendations proposed by the Knight Commission except:

conference realignment

Good public relations for a sporting event require all but one of the following

consistent and traditional approach

The philosophy behind a 'hard' salary cap is to:

constrain all franchises to spend the same amount on payroll

Which of the following is not one of the four key management functions.

controlling

The facility that has the greatest economic impact on a municipality is

convention center

Identify the sales strategy: Proactively assisting and informing customers to better utilize and leverage investment with the organization

edu-selling

The global sports community is utilizing sports to make the following positive contributions in all but one of the following areas. Indicate the exception

encourage competition between people of different backgrounds

A central objective for implementing advanced technology in the sports management field is to:

ensure effective customer data collection

thoroughbred horse racing in the mid-eighteenth century:

existed primarily for the entertainment of wealthy club members

After proving successful in England in the late 1700's, thoroughbred racing, utilizing the club format, proved to be just as popular in the U.S.

false

Drug testing athletes has been challenged under the equal protection provision of the 14th Amendment of the Constitution

false

Sport marketers define _______________ as the personal commitment and emotional involvement customers have with a sport organization.

fan identification

People tend to be resistant to change for the following reasons except:

fear of being given too much control

Monday Night Football accomplished all but one of the following

first opened the door for former football players to be TV analysts

North America's first pro sport league, the National League, emerged in 1876 and set guidelines in all of the following areas but one. Indicate the exception.

framework for the World Series

Fred Corcoran generated a strong interest in golf by doing all but one of the following:

generated huge prize money largely through a jump in gate receipts

The essence of sports management is

getting workers to perform such that the firm's goals are met in an efficient and cost-effective manner

The Jockey Club performed the following functions except:

had an elaborate training program for jockeys

Strictly for purposes of improving competitive balance, which of the following approaches is most effective:

hard salary cap

Mark McCormack, founder of IMG, explained that selling in the sports industry consists of all of the following except:

having a team with a winning record

The role of the Commissioner includes all but one of the following

hiring of managers/coaches

The competitive balance issue in professional sports is

important because the greater the uncertainty of outcome, the greater the entertainment value for fans.

Walter O'Malley, who was most famous for moving the Brooklyn Dodgers to Los Angeles, was a key figure

in promoting sports management as a field of study.

Hard taxes

include taxes on local income, real estate, personal property

Complying with Title IX may require all but one of the following. Select the exception

institution choosing to eliminate sports programs and funding for the underrepresented sex.

The American Disabilities Act (ADA)

is a far-reaching law that affects the treatment of disabled individuals as well as the accessibility of facilities both within and outside the sports world.

The following is true concerning the Paralympic games except

is fully funded by the IOC

Website development surrounding a particular sports event

is imperative regardless of the size of the gathering

The club system is different from the US system because it

is not associated with scholastic activities

The issuance of tax-exempt municipal bonds

is now largely disallowed for stadiums because it was ruled as an inappropriate taxpayer subsidy favoring sports team owners.

The biggest determinant of how much broadcasters will pay for broadcast rights fees

is the estimation of how money can be made by selling advertising for this programming

In the area of sports analytics, wearable technology is proving problematic because

it has triggered a battle for control over personal data

Revenues kept by local teams include all but one of the following. Select the exception

league-wide sponsorship programs

The multiplier effect is overstated when it comes to stadium/arena construction because

many fans at the game would have spent money elsewhere in the region

Which of these current events best represents the club structure

masters

Coaches and sports agents are

now working together to get coaches better compensation and financial assistance

Marvin Miller

organized baseball players as a true labor union which gave them more control

The initial collegiate athletic contests were:

organized by students.

The game of golf

originated with the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews, Scotland

Sports managers need to be able to organize and work with _________, the most important asset in their organization.

people

Financial managers in the sport industry use analytics to do all but one of the following:

perform payroll function including the cutting of paychecks

Sports agents should do all of the following except one. Indicate the exception

place emphasis on the latest noteworthy athletic accomplishment

From its very beginning, the National League proved to be successful in baseball for the following reasons except

providing healthy competition for the American League

The role of managers can be challenging as they try to

reach organizational goals and objectives assess the needs of their employees. utilize appropriate skills to meet the needs of employees All of these are correct.

Besides driving up sales, sponsorships can do all but one of the following:

reduce overall promotional expenses

While all leagues started out as more of a hobby than a business for the early owners, only the NFL continues to be dominated by family/individual ownership. This is because

revenue sharing takes away much of the risk of losing money

The biggest reason teams move to another city is to seek

revenue streams associated with a new and innovative stadium design

Besides hosting team sporting events, arenas see most of their additional revenue coming from these three main sources. Indicate the exception

rodeos

Which of the following is NOT true about the AIAW (Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women)

secured a lucrative deal in which NBC broadcasted the AIAW championships

Initiative

shows your employer your commitment to working in sport industry

The video streaming services of Apple iPhone, Netflix and Amazon have

signaled a disruption in the business of broadcasting sports

ESPN became a sports television force for all but one of the following reasons:

televising the 1975 Ali-Frazier fight

Which of the following is not true about baseball parks/stadium

the "cookie-cutter" shared stadiums provided excellent returns as a public investment as well as enhanced fan enjoyment.

Which of the following was not a factor in the growth of sports agency

the absence of players' associations

Which of the following are not reasons for the growth of sponsorships

the business case for engaging in a sponsorship is getting easier to discern

In the late 1800's, the concept of professionally managing a sports event arose because of

the desire to increase profits

Group decision making should be used when:

the fairness of the decision is highly valued

The major reason postgame footage rights have gone up substantially in value is due to

the increased demand generated by programs such as Sports Center and NFL Primetime

The biggest ethics issue for the athletic footwear industry is

the paying of unfair and low wages in unsafe working conditions overseas

Select the statement about sports organizations and the media which is untrue.

there is no symbiotic relationship between the media and sports organizations

The biggest reason for the latest surge in extravagant NFL stadium construction is

to compete with the 'at home' big screen experience

A sports agent often travels with the athlete and tends to daily distractions so the athlete can be focused on playing

true

Organization politics arises when individuals pursue their own self-interest over the agenda of the organization.

true

Which of the following issues is not a key problem in the sports agent profession

undercutting the fees of the competition

Identify sales strategy: Never be satisfied with simply renewing customer at current level of involvement

up-selling

Identify sales strategy: Sport organizations strive to move customers from purchasing single-game tickets to mini-ticket plans to season ticket packages

up-selling

As baseball's commissioner, Judge Kenesaw Mountain Landis

was granted authority to investigate and impose penalties when individuals were suspected of acting against the best interests of the game

The growth of the sports marketing profession

was initially held back by a one-size-fits-all mentality and a lack of foresight.

Race and gender in sports management positions

will not be fairly solved without concerted efforts by owners and commissioners


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