Sports Medicine turf toe, sprains and drugs, sports medicine
treatment for ankle disloction
-Immobilize & apply "light pressure" -Ice and elevation to control swelling if open wound NOT present -MD referral/Call 9-1-1
If turf toe is an acute injury was is the treatment?
-P.R.I.C.E -Tape support -xrays in some cases to rule out fractures
what three ligaments most will get injure
-anterior talofibular -posterior talofibular -calcaneofibular
mechanism of medial ankle sprain
-eversion -less common than inversion -pes planus increases risk
mechanism of ankle dislocation
-foot is forced inward/outward -foot is planted & lower leg is forcibly rotated internally & externally
What is the mechanism of turf toe?
-forceful hyperextension -forms--> slipping on wet surface -can cause dislocation
If turf toe is an long term injury was is the treatment?
-increase ROM/ strength -ice, rest -NSAIDS -tapping / padding of the foot -stretching and strenghting exercises
signs and symptoms of turf toe
-pain -swelling -limited joint movement
what are the signs/symptoms of 2nd degree sprain
-possible complete ligament tearing with others being partially stretched -moderate loss of function, ROM, strength, -discoloration & swelling -athlete complains of a "pop" or "snap"
3rd Degree Sprain
-relatively uncommon, with tearing of most of the ankle ligaments -commonly associated with a fracture -severe pain, swelling & tenderness -very disabling -Usually requires surgery
where is Cuneiforms located and how are they counted
1-3 (medial)
how much is missed in an 1st degree sprain
1-3 days
WHAT ARE ORTHOTICS?
A custom-designed insert placed in a person's shoe Corrects biomechanical abnormalities
ankle dislocation
A dislocation of the ankle involves a separation of the tibia and fibula from the talus
whuch is most commonly injured
ATF is most commonly injured
examples of NSAIDS
Aleve, Advil, Motrin
how are metararsalas numbered
Also numbered 1-5 head of 5th metatarsal used as bony landmark
what two affects does NSAIDS have in your body
Analgesics and inflammatory drugs
What is tylenol
Anti-pyretic and an analgestic
how much does an athlete miss in a second degree sprain
Athlete will miss approx. 2-4 weeks
Gastrocnemius and function
Attaches by the achilles tendon to the calcaneous Plantarflexes (PF) foot/ankle and also helps flex knee
What is the medical term for the "heel bone"?
CALCANEOUS
Extensor Hallicus Longus (EHL)
DF foot, extends the big toe
Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL)
DF foot, extends toes 2-5
Medial Ligaments
Deltoid Ligaments
Mechanisms of Acute Anterior Compartment Syndrome
Direct blow (Acute) or overuse (Chronic)
TIBIALIS ANTERIOR
Dorsiflexes (DF) and inverts the foot
Signs/Symptoms of achiles tendonitis
Edema Tenderness CREPITUS? Pain with palpation, especially in DF Weakness w/ PF
Peroneus brevis & longus
Everts foot/ankle Helps stabilize the lateral aspect of the ankle
Mechanisms of Ruptured Achilles' Tendon
Forced DF Blow to achilles Sudden, forceful contraction of gastrocnemius
Mechanism of jones fracture
Forceful contraction of peroneal muscles when foot is in inversion
mechanism of turf toe
Forceful hyperextension Common mechanism is slipping on a wet surface Can sometimes result in a dislocation
Tibialis Posterior
Functions are Plantarflexion (PF) and inversion of foot
WHAT IS THE TREATMENT of stress fractures
Ice, rest Physician referral Sometimes surgery
Treatment of heel spur
Ice/NSAIDS Orthotics or other shoe inserts Night splints Aggressive stretching of plantar fascia
LONG TERM CARE for turf toe
Increase ROM/strength Ice, rest NSAIDS Taping/padding of foot Stretching/strengthening exercises
Term used to describe any type of distal shin pain Could be any one of the following
Inflammation of the interosseous membrane Strain to the soleus Inflammation of the tibialis posterior (most common)
What bone is lateral malleolus a part of?
Lateral malleolus is the distal head of the FIBULA
What are Metararsals
Long bones of the foot
What bone is the medial malleolus a part of?
Medial malleolus is the distal head of the TIBIA
What is NSAIDS?
Non Streroidal Anti- Imflammatory Drugs
Mechanism(s) of the Plantar Faciitis
Overuse (particularly common in runners) Being overweight Pregnancy Improper footwear
What are the Mechanisms of stress fractures?
Overuse is mechanism Common in distance runners & jumpers with poor foot mechanics X-rays will be initially be negative x-rays taken a few weeks after the initial diagnosis will sometimes reveal a fracture Bone scan only way be 100% sure
Treatment of jones fracture
PRICE MD referral Surgery may be needed
ACUTE CARE for turf toe
PRICE Tape for support X-RAYS in some cases to rule out fracture
Signs/Symptoms of turf toe
Pain Swelling limited joint movement at the base of one big toe
What are the mechanism(s) of shin splints
Pes planus Muscle imbalance/weakness Improper/incomplete warm-up Poor flexibility/lack of stretching Poor biomechanics Poor footwear Poor Biomechanics
What are the Bones of Toes called?
Phalanges
Soleus
Plantarflexes foot/ankle
Signs/Symptoms of jones fracture
Pt. tender over 5th MT Swelling/deformity Pain
How does achilies tendonitis occur?
Repetitive running and/or jumping
Treatment of achiles tendonitis?
Rest/ice NSAIDS Gentle stretching of achilles Strengthening exercises Use of a heel cup and/or taping of the achilles tendon
WHAT MAY OCCUR IF THIS INJURY of achiles tendonitis IS NOT TREATED PROPERLY?
Ruptured Achilles' Tendon
signs/symptoms
Severe pain/deformity Possible open fracture Athlete will not be able to bear weight on injured leg
What is the MAIN function of the arches?
Shock absorption
what is the Thompson Test
Squeeze the back of the gastrocnemius Foot should plantarflex
What will the athlete feel with Ruptured Achilles' Tendon
Sudden "snap" or "pop"
Stress Fractures
Tiny cracks in a bone caused by the repetitive application of force (e.g. jumping or running long distances. Can also arise from normal use of a bone that's been weakened by a condition such as osteoporosis
Sprain of the Great Toe
Turf Toe
What is another name for ´great toe sprain´
Turf toe
Shin Splints are also called
What is this condition also called? MEDIAL TIBIAL STRESS SYNDROME MEDIAL TIBIAL STRESS SYNDROME
What is a HEEL SPUR?
a pointed bony outgrowth on the calcaneous Usually caused by chronic inflammation associated with Plantar fasciitis
what is the drug name of tylenol
acetaminophen
What attaches to the calcaneous?
achiles tendion
Major Ankle Ligaments
anterior talofibular (ATF) posterior talofibular (PTF) Calcaneofibular (CF)
Treatment of Acute Anterior Compartment Syndrome
apply ICE & elevation but NO COMPRESSION...WHY? because its already compressed MD referral if symptoms are mild Immediate transfer to Emergency Room if symptoms are severe
what is this movement (show the image)
doriflexion
Signs/Symptoms of Ruptured Achilles' Tendon
extreme pain Swelling Discoloration loss of ability to PF
Acute Anterior Compartment Syndrome
fluid build-up within the compartments of lower leg can lead to compression on structures within the compartment permanent damage is possible
drug name of advil and Motrin
ibuprofin
Treatment of shin splintis
ice, rest NSAIDS (Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) Taping/padding of foot Stretching/strengthening exercises Insertion of orthotics in to shoes Correct poor biomechanics
what is the mechanism of an ankle sprain lateral and medial?
inversion combined with plantar flexion
where in Cuboid located
lateral
where is the Navicular located
medial
signs /symptoms of 1st degree sprains
mild stretching little loss of function, ROM, strenght no discoloration and minimal swelling
drug name of Aleve
naproxen
is tylenol an NSAIDS ?
no
How are the Phalanges numbered?
numbered medial to lateral Big toe is #1; all have three bones except big toe Distal, middle, & proximal phalanges
Plantar Faciitis is
pain and inflammation of the plantar fascia Plantar fascia runs across the bottom of your foot and connects your calcaneous to your metatarsals
what are analgesics?
pain delivers
Signs/Symptoms of Plantar Faciitis
pain on bottom of foot by heel that is worse with your very first steps in the morning. pain normally decreases as foot warms ups Pain increases with periods of the foot in plantar flexion or standing
what is this movement (show the image)
plantar flexion
whats is anti-pyretic?
reduce fever
What are inflammatory drugs
reduces inflammation
What is a Jones Fracture ?
refers to a break between the base and shaft of the fifth metatarsal bone of the foot
Define turf toe
stretching / tearing of the ligaments in the great toe located on the bottom of the foot.
Signs/Symptoms
weakness with dorsiflexion & great toe extension numbness in the web space between toes 1 & 2 watch for weakness of plantarflexion of great & little toe Pitted edema Shiny skin