Sports Medicine turf toe, sprains and drugs, sports medicine

treatment for ankle disloction

-Immobilize & apply "light pressure" -Ice and elevation to control swelling if open wound NOT present -MD referral/Call 9-1-1

If turf toe is an acute injury was is the treatment?

-P.R.I.C.E -Tape support -xrays in some cases to rule out fractures

what three ligaments most will get injure

-anterior talofibular -posterior talofibular -calcaneofibular

mechanism of medial ankle sprain

-eversion -less common than inversion -pes planus increases risk

mechanism of ankle dislocation

-foot is forced inward/outward -foot is planted & lower leg is forcibly rotated internally & externally

What is the mechanism of turf toe?

-forceful hyperextension -forms--> slipping on wet surface -can cause dislocation

If turf toe is an long term injury was is the treatment?

-increase ROM/ strength -ice, rest -NSAIDS -tapping / padding of the foot -stretching and strenghting exercises

signs and symptoms of turf toe

-pain -swelling -limited joint movement

what are the signs/symptoms of 2nd degree sprain

-possible complete ligament tearing with others being partially stretched -moderate loss of function, ROM, strength, -discoloration & swelling -athlete complains of a "pop" or "snap"

3rd Degree Sprain

-relatively uncommon, with tearing of most of the ankle ligaments -commonly associated with a fracture -severe pain, swelling & tenderness -very disabling -Usually requires surgery

where is Cuneiforms located and how are they counted

1-3 (medial)

how much is missed in an 1st degree sprain

1-3 days

WHAT ARE ORTHOTICS?

A custom-designed insert placed in a person's shoe Corrects biomechanical abnormalities

ankle dislocation

A dislocation of the ankle involves a separation of the tibia and fibula from the talus

whuch is most commonly injured

ATF is most commonly injured

examples of NSAIDS

Aleve, Advil, Motrin

how are metararsalas numbered

Also numbered 1-5 head of 5th metatarsal used as bony landmark

what two affects does NSAIDS have in your body

Analgesics and inflammatory drugs

What is tylenol

Anti-pyretic and an analgestic

how much does an athlete miss in a second degree sprain

Athlete will miss approx. 2-4 weeks

Gastrocnemius and function

Attaches by the achilles tendon to the calcaneous Plantarflexes (PF) foot/ankle and also helps flex knee

What is the medical term for the "heel bone"?

CALCANEOUS

Extensor Hallicus Longus (EHL)

DF foot, extends the big toe

Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL)

DF foot, extends toes 2-5

Medial Ligaments

Deltoid Ligaments

Mechanisms of Acute Anterior Compartment Syndrome

Direct blow (Acute) or overuse (Chronic)

TIBIALIS ANTERIOR

Dorsiflexes (DF) and inverts the foot

Signs/Symptoms of achiles tendonitis

Edema Tenderness CREPITUS? Pain with palpation, especially in DF Weakness w/ PF

Peroneus brevis & longus

Everts foot/ankle Helps stabilize the lateral aspect of the ankle

Mechanisms of Ruptured Achilles' Tendon

Forced DF Blow to achilles Sudden, forceful contraction of gastrocnemius

Mechanism of jones fracture

Forceful contraction of peroneal muscles when foot is in inversion

mechanism of turf toe

Forceful hyperextension Common mechanism is slipping on a wet surface Can sometimes result in a dislocation

Tibialis Posterior

Functions are Plantarflexion (PF) and inversion of foot

WHAT IS THE TREATMENT of stress fractures

Ice, rest Physician referral Sometimes surgery

Treatment of heel spur

Ice/NSAIDS Orthotics or other shoe inserts Night splints Aggressive stretching of plantar fascia

LONG TERM CARE for turf toe

Increase ROM/strength Ice, rest NSAIDS Taping/padding of foot Stretching/strengthening exercises

Term used to describe any type of distal shin pain Could be any one of the following

Inflammation of the interosseous membrane Strain to the soleus Inflammation of the tibialis posterior (most common)

What bone is lateral malleolus a part of?

Lateral malleolus is the distal head of the FIBULA

What are Metararsals

Long bones of the foot

What bone is the medial malleolus a part of?

Medial malleolus is the distal head of the TIBIA

What is NSAIDS?

Non Streroidal Anti- Imflammatory Drugs

Mechanism(s) of the Plantar Faciitis

Overuse (particularly common in runners) Being overweight Pregnancy Improper footwear

What are the Mechanisms of stress fractures?

Overuse is mechanism Common in distance runners & jumpers with poor foot mechanics X-rays will be initially be negative x-rays taken a few weeks after the initial diagnosis will sometimes reveal a fracture Bone scan only way be 100% sure

Treatment of jones fracture

PRICE MD referral Surgery may be needed

ACUTE CARE for turf toe

PRICE Tape for support X-RAYS in some cases to rule out fracture

Signs/Symptoms of turf toe

Pain Swelling limited joint movement at the base of one big toe

What are the mechanism(s) of shin splints

Pes planus Muscle imbalance/weakness Improper/incomplete warm-up Poor flexibility/lack of stretching Poor biomechanics Poor footwear Poor Biomechanics

What are the Bones of Toes called?

Phalanges

Soleus

Plantarflexes foot/ankle

Signs/Symptoms of jones fracture

Pt. tender over 5th MT Swelling/deformity Pain

How does achilies tendonitis occur?

Repetitive running and/or jumping

Treatment of achiles tendonitis?

Rest/ice NSAIDS Gentle stretching of achilles Strengthening exercises Use of a heel cup and/or taping of the achilles tendon

WHAT MAY OCCUR IF THIS INJURY of achiles tendonitis IS NOT TREATED PROPERLY?

Ruptured Achilles' Tendon

signs/symptoms

Severe pain/deformity Possible open fracture Athlete will not be able to bear weight on injured leg

What is the MAIN function of the arches?

Shock absorption

what is the Thompson Test

Squeeze the back of the gastrocnemius Foot should plantarflex

What will the athlete feel with Ruptured Achilles' Tendon

Sudden "snap" or "pop"

Stress Fractures

Tiny cracks in a bone caused by the repetitive application of force (e.g. jumping or running long distances. Can also arise from normal use of a bone that's been weakened by a condition such as osteoporosis

Sprain of the Great Toe

Turf Toe

What is another name for ´great toe sprain´

Turf toe

Shin Splints are also called

What is this condition also called? MEDIAL TIBIAL STRESS SYNDROME MEDIAL TIBIAL STRESS SYNDROME

What is a HEEL SPUR?

a pointed bony outgrowth on the calcaneous Usually caused by chronic inflammation associated with Plantar fasciitis

what is the drug name of tylenol

acetaminophen

What attaches to the calcaneous?

achiles tendion

Major Ankle Ligaments

anterior talofibular (ATF) posterior talofibular (PTF) Calcaneofibular (CF)

Treatment of Acute Anterior Compartment Syndrome

apply ICE & elevation but NO COMPRESSION...WHY? because its already compressed MD referral if symptoms are mild Immediate transfer to Emergency Room if symptoms are severe

what is this movement (show the image)

doriflexion

Signs/Symptoms of Ruptured Achilles' Tendon

extreme pain Swelling Discoloration loss of ability to PF

Acute Anterior Compartment Syndrome

fluid build-up within the compartments of lower leg can lead to compression on structures within the compartment permanent damage is possible

drug name of advil and Motrin

ibuprofin

Treatment of shin splintis

ice, rest NSAIDS (Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) Taping/padding of foot Stretching/strengthening exercises Insertion of orthotics in to shoes Correct poor biomechanics

what is the mechanism of an ankle sprain lateral and medial?

inversion combined with plantar flexion

where in Cuboid located

lateral

where is the Navicular located

medial

signs /symptoms of 1st degree sprains

mild stretching little loss of function, ROM, strenght no discoloration and minimal swelling

drug name of Aleve

naproxen

is tylenol an NSAIDS ?

no

How are the Phalanges numbered?

numbered medial to lateral Big toe is #1; all have three bones except big toe Distal, middle, & proximal phalanges

Plantar Faciitis is

pain and inflammation of the plantar fascia Plantar fascia runs across the bottom of your foot and connects your calcaneous to your metatarsals

what are analgesics?

pain delivers

Signs/Symptoms of Plantar Faciitis

pain on bottom of foot by heel that is worse with your very first steps in the morning. pain normally decreases as foot warms ups Pain increases with periods of the foot in plantar flexion or standing

what is this movement (show the image)

plantar flexion

whats is anti-pyretic?

reduce fever

What are inflammatory drugs

reduces inflammation

What is a Jones Fracture ?

refers to a break between the base and shaft of the fifth metatarsal bone of the foot

Define turf toe

stretching / tearing of the ligaments in the great toe located on the bottom of the foot.

Signs/Symptoms

weakness with dorsiflexion & great toe extension numbness in the web space between toes 1 & 2 watch for weakness of plantarflexion of great & little toe Pitted edema Shiny skin