S.S. Chapter 16, Lesson 1

Put the following statements in order: A. Senator Stephen Douglas proposes popular sovereignty. B. A vote in Kansas makes slavery legal. C. Franklin Pierce becomes president. D. The Kansas-Nebraska Act is passed.

1) C 2) A 3) D 4) B

Why did the debate over slavery come up again in 1849?

1) California wanted to become a state as a free state. 2) Anti-slavery groups wanted to ban slavery in Washington, D.C. 3) Southerners wanted a stronger fugitive, or runaway slave, law. All states would have to return runaway slaves.

Components of the Compromise of 1850

1) California would be a free state. 2) Slavery would be allowed in new territories. 3) The slave trade would be illegal in Washington, D.C., but slavery itself would be allowed. 4) There would be a stronger fugitive slave law.

Components of the Missouri Compromise

1) Maine would enter as a free state. 2) Missouri would enter as a slave state. 3) It drew a line west from the Southern border of Missouri (36°30 N). 3) The compromise blocked slavery north of the line but permitted it south of the line.

Compromise of 1850: 1) Who had the ideas? 2) Who made the plan? 3) How many separate laws were passed? 4) Major ideas

1) Senator Henry Clay 2) Senator Stephen A. Douglas 3) 5 4) A. Stronger Fugitive Slave Law B. California to be a free state C. Other new territories could have slavery D. Okay to have slaves in Washington, D.C. E. However, no slave trade in Washington, D.C.

Components of the Kansas-Nebraska Act

1) repealed the Missouri Compromise 2) established popular sovereignty

When did Texas become a state, and what was the effect of Texas becoming a state?

1845; this angered Mexico. The United States and Mexico fought over the boundary between Texas and Mexico. A war with Mexico followed. After the Mexican War, the U.S. took New Mexico and California.

How could adding a new state to the Union add to the conflict over slavery?

Adding a new state to the Union could add to the conflict over slavery because if the new state comes in as a free state, the balance of power in Congress would be tipped to the free states. If the new state comes in as a slave state, the balance of power in Congress would be tipped to the slave states.

David Wilmot

David Wilmot was a representative (and later a senator) who introduced the Wilmot Proviso, which would ban slavery in any lands the United States might acquire from Mexico. Southerners did not like this plan, for they wanted California and New Mexico open to slavery. Although his proposal did not pass, it caused heated debate.

Congress discussed Henry Clay's ideas and argued about them. _________________ solved the problem. He __________ Clay's plan _________. Congress voted on __________ separately. In this way, Congress passed ______ laws. Together, they are called _______________.

Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois; divided; into parts; each part separately; 5; the Compromise of 1850

Underground Railroad

The Underground Railroad was an interconnected system that allowed slaves to escape to free states, which angered the South (the South wanted to enforce the Fugitive Slave Act).

What did Senator Douglas suggest in 1854? What would they be called?

making the lands west of Missouri into two territories, which would be called Kansas and Nebraska

Kansas and Nebraska were _____ of the line that limited slavery, so they would be _______ states. Douglas knew the _______ would object, so he suggested that Congress _____________________________. Instead, settlers in those areas would ________________________________. Douglas called this "______________________." Did Northerners like the plan? Did Southerners?

north; free; South; repeal the Missouri Compromise; vote on whether to allow slavery; popular sovereignty; no because it would allow slavery in areas that had been free for years; yes because they thought that Kansas would be settled mostly by slaveholders from Missouri. Since slavery was legal in Missouri, those settlers would vote to make slavery legal in Kansas, too.

fugitive

person who is running away from legal authority

Missouri Compromise of 1820

proposed by Henry Clay and kept a balance of power in the Senate between slave states and free states. It also stopped the debate over slavery for a little while. The compromise drew a line west from the southern boundary of Missouri at 36°30' N latitude. The Compromise blocked slavery north of the line but permitted it south of the line.

What would happen if California entered as a free state? What did Southerners talk about in response?

slave states would be outvoted in the Senate; seceding from the Union

What happened in Kansas that caused newspapers to write about "Bleeding Kansas"?

some people who supported slavery destroyed a stronghold that belonged to people who were against slavery, and a man named John Brown led an attack that killed five people who supported slavery

popular sovereignty

the people are the source of all government power

secede

to officially leave an organization

Why did pro-slavery and anti-slavery groups rush to Kansas? Pro-slavery people traveled in ____________ groups.

to vote in Kansas; armed

What did the border ruffians try to do?

tried to keep anti-slavery supporters from coming into Kansas

Both anti-slavery and pro-slavery groups had _________, so what broke out? Pro-slavery supporters _________ a town where ___________ supporters lived.

weapons; fighting; attacked; anti-slavery

Senator Henry Clay

He tried to find a compromise and suggested the following: 1) California would be a free state. 2) Slavery would be allowed in new territories. 3) The slave trade would be illegal in Washington, D.C., but slavery itself would be allowed. 4) There would be a stronger fugitive slave law.

Do you think it was right for anti-slavery supporters in Kansas to start a rival government? Why or why not?

I think it was right for the antislavery supporters to start an antislavery government in Kansas because slavery is unjust and wrong. Although they were disobeying the Kansas-Nebraska Act (which called for popular sovereignty), the law was wrong (the law gave the people in that territory the freedom to choose. They chose slavery, and slavery is unjust and cruel). For these reasons, I believe that the antislavery supporters in Kansas were right to start a rival government.

Free-Soil Party

The presidential candidates in the 1848 election decided to ignore the slavery issue because they feared that they would lose potential voters. As a result, members from both parties who opposed slavery came together and formed the Free-Soil Party (single-issue third party). Their slogan was, "Free Soil, Free Speech, Free Labor, and Free Men." This party chose former president Martin Van Buren as its candidate. Although Martin Van Buren didn't win, the party gained several seats in Congress.

Each time there was a debate over slavery, the nation's leaders came up with __________________.

a compromise

John Brown

an abolitionist who led an attack on a pro-slavery group

In the 1840s, there was _____________.

another disagreement over slavery in new territories

border ruffian

armed pro-slavery supporter who crossed the border from Missouri to vote in Kansas

civil war

conflict between citizens of the same country

When did the Kansas-Nebraska Act pass? Who had won (pro-slavery or anti-slavery)? As a result, Kansas passed laws in favor of slavery or no slavery? What did the group that didn't win do?

in 1854; pro-slavery; slavery; started a rival government. They held their own election and adopted a Constitution that banned slavery. By 1856, Kansas had two separate governments.

John C. Calhoun

John C. Calhoun was a senator from South Carolina who would lead the South out of the Union. He proposed the following idea: neither Congress nor any territorial government could ban slavery from a territory or regulate it. Although his proposal did not pass, it caused heated debate.