STH 200
In class, we discussed 4 different approaches (platforms) to development. Which approach can be described as strong support for all development and a focus on production and economic impacts?
Advocacy Platform
A branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of beauty, art, and taste and with the creation and appreciation of beauty
Aesthetics
In Western science, the term ecosystem is limited to the physical components of a particular region such as the grouping of plants, animals, and other geographic features in a particular area. In other cultures, such a unit would also include ... Ancestors, the presences of beings that had lived and died in that place, the people who currently lived there, intangible, all answers are correct
All answers are correct
Kristin Westdal states that sound is critical for the survival of the beluga whale. This is because beluga whales use sound to... communicate between each other, locate their breathing holes, locate their food at depths, all answers are correct
All answers are correct
Dempsey et al (2011) indicated that there are 5 inter-related measurable aspects of community sustainability. Which of the following are the aspects? (Pride/sense of place, Safety and security, Social interaction/social networks in the community, Community stability, Participation in collective groups and networks in the community)
All are correct
Sea turtles live in the ocean but hatch at night on the beach. Hatchlings find the sea by detecting the bright horizon over the ocean. Artificial lights draw them _____ the ocean. In Florida alone, millions of hatchlings die this way every year.
Away from
_______ in the ecological context is defined as a threshold of stress below which populations and ecosystem functions can be sustained. In the social context, the _________ of a region is measured by the level of services (including ecological services) needed by the community
Carrying capacity
Rules and regulations that are used to limit or avoid the tragedy
Command and control
Piece of open land for public use, especially in a village or town
Common
Happens when consumers purchase products or services produced with social and environmental considerations in mind. It can be described as consumers 'voting with their dollars', by purchasing products and services produced responsibly
Conscious consumer
Making a common resource excludable - making a common resource "behave" like a private resource
Creating property rights
When those who damage (overuse) the resource is socially disapproved while those that use the resource wisely are praised and respected
Cultural Norms
The set of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional features of society or a social group, and that it encompasses, in addition to art and literature, lifestyles, ways of living together, value systems, traditions and beliefs
Culture
Environmental degradation can _________________ economic development.
Dampen
Our Common Future states that "Environmental stress has often been seen as the result of the growing demand on scarce resources and the pollution generated by the rising living standards of the relatively affluent. But poverty itself pollutes the environment, creating environmental stress in a different way." What is the way poverty pollutes the environment, creating environmental stress? (a) Those who are poor and hungry will not be able to contribute financially to environmental causes (b) All answers are correct (c) Those who are poor and hungry will often destroy their immediate environment in order to survive (d)Those who are poor and hungry are also uneducated.
EXAM 1 Incorrect answer is - all answers are correct
Archimedes was an ancient Greek thinker who taught us that if we lean on the right levers, we can move the world. In the fight against extreme poverty, Youn indicates that there are three powerful levers that we can lean on. Which of the following are those three levels (select 3) A. Humanity already knows the tools to end poverty B. Most of the world's poor are farmers C. Humanity needs to discover new and innovative tools to end poverty D. Most of the world's poor live in cities where it is easy to get resources to E. Delivery of these tools eradicate poverty
EXAM 1 Incorrect grouping of (most of the worlds poor are farmers, humanity needs to discover new and innovative tools to end poverty, delivery of these tools eradicates poverty)
The United Nations identified 17 goals for Sustainable Development. Which of the goals relates to doing things such as promoting sustainable agriculture and supporting small farmers. a. Zero hunger b. Sustainable cities & communities c. Global warming d. Clean water & sanitation e. Life on land f. Affordable & clean energy g. Quality education h. Industry, innovation & infrastructure i. Decent work & economic growth j. Good health & well-being k. Life below water l. Partnerships for the goals m. Reduce inequalities n. Responsible consumption & production o. Peace, justice & strong institutions p. No poverty q. Climate action r. Gender equality
EXAM 1 it is neither Sustainable cities & communities or Global Warming
Man and Nature Or Physical Geography as Modified by Human Actions by George Perkins Marsh was the first comprehensive critique of the extent to _______ development had _______ the physical environment and hence human well-being. FIRST BLANK OPTIONS (appropriate, industrial, inappropriate, all, sustainable) SECOND BLANK OPTIONS (advanced, maintained, damaged, highlighted)
EXAM 1 (I had put Industrial/damaged, one of these was incorrect)
In our discussion in class we divided the environment into 4 different categories. Which of the following is not one of those categories?Natural environment, Farmed environment, Natural resources, Economic environment, or Built environment
Economic environment
Relates only to new money injected into an economy by visitors, vendors, media, sponsors, external government entities, or banks and investors from the community
Economic impact
An approach to restoring and sustaining healthy ecosystems and their functions and values. It is based on a collaboratively developed version of desired future ecosystem conditions that integrates ecological, economic, and social factors affecting a management unit defined by ecological, not political, boundaries. Management of entire ecological systems, including human social dimensions, rather than individual components
Ecosystem management
_____________ is an approach to restoring and sustaining health ecosystems and their functions and values. It is based on a collaboratively developed version of desired future ecosystem conditions that integrates ecological, economic, and social factors affecting a management unit defined by ecological, not political, boundaries.
Ecosystem management
According to John Linehan, there is no better direct economic benefit that justifies the preservation of habitats than ...
Ecotourism
John Kasaona discussed a program developed by the IRDNC to pay local people to look after the wildlife. They turned to the "poachers" who lived in the local villages. The idea was to help men reclaim their abilities to manage their peoples and their rights to own and manage wildlife. And thus, as people started feeling ownership over wildlife, wildlife numbers started coming back, and that's actually becoming a foundation for conservation in Namibia." Which of the following is not one of the three things he stated that helped to build this foundation?
Enforcing punishments for those who were found to be poachers
The sum of all conditions affecting life, development and survival of an organism
Environment
The sum of all conditions affecting the life, development, and survival of an organism
Environment (EPA def.)
The circumstances, objects, or conditions by which one is surrounded
Environment (dictionary def.)
One in which there are no 'exclusionary' or discriminatory practices hindering individuals from participating economically, socially, and politically in society
Equitable society
In his decision about water resources, Rob Harmon described an incentive program that they developed. Based on his description of the program what area/ type of sustainable business practice would this be for breweries?
External credibility
According to John Linehan, "climate change affects only the most fragile ecosystems in the world, like the polar ice caps."
FALSE
According to John Linehan, the bald eagle was almost drive into extinction by hunting
FALSE
Aesthetics is very objective
FALSE
Burden states that, "design is not just how something looks, it's how your body feels on that seat in that space, and I believe that successful design always depends on that very individual experience." In other words she is saying that design (and we could add aesthetics) is very objective
FALSE
Consumers and purchasers how power in what businesses produce. The larger the purchaser or consumer, the greater their influence is on the goods businesses produce, but not on how businesses produce goods
FALSE
Food insecurity exists in 90% of the counties in America
FALSE
If you put an animal in a habitat that is not natural for them they will adapt and have no long-term issue
FALSE
Industries like forestry can never be sustainable
FALSE
Interpretation is a communication process that forges intellectual, not emotional, connections between the interests of the audience and the inherent meanings in the resource
FALSE
Man and Nature: Or Physical Geography as Modified by Human Actions by George Perkins Marsh was the first comprehensive critique of the extent to which sustainable development had a positive impact on the physical environment and hence human well-being
FALSE
Pollinator decline is not a grand challenge in modern world
FALSE
Pollinator decline is not a grand challenge in the modern world
FALSE
Research shows that people who have an understanding of sustainable ideas and issues still are not inclined to be supportive of those ideas
FALSE
Which of the following resources are considered renewable and which are considered non-renewable?
FORREST AND FISH - renewable FOSSIL FULES AND MINERALS - Non-renewable
A trading partnership, based on dialogue, transparency and respect, that seeks greater equity in international trade. It contributes to sustainable development by offering better trading conditions to, and securing the rights of, marginalized producers and workers
Fair Trade
Human trafficking is the use of ________, _________, or _______ to obtain labor or services from a person against their will
Force, Fraud, Coercion
Howard indicates that businesses should take _______ responsibility for the impacts of their supply chain.
Full
The United Nations Division for Sustainable Development Goals (DSDG) has identified 17 sustainable development goals for the world. Which of the following is not one of those goals?
Global Warming
Statement of desired outcomes
Goals
We have discussed that there are 4 sides/ dimensions of sustainable development. The diagram above helped us to visualize how these 4 sides are related to each other. Which of the following is not one of the sides we discussed?
Human
In class we identified 4 sides of sustainability (economy, environmental, sociocultural, aesthetic) that are completely ...
Interdependent of each other (impacts each other)
Which of the following is not one of the top three killers of bees
Invasive species
According to John Lineham, the bald eagle was almost driven into extinction by ...
Irresponsible use of pesticides
The NC Zoo is the ______ natural habitat zoo in the world
Largest
Part of the destinations income which is not spent on domestically produced goods and services
Leakage
Called hidden hunger. Where a person is getting enough calories but not enough nutrients
Micronutrient Deficiency
An industry classification system that groups establishments into industries based on the similarity of their production processes
NACIS
In our discussion about the environment, we identified different types/sides of the environment. Which of those types/sides can be described as ... features that include mountains, seas, rivers, lakes, caves, beaches, and forest/ woodlands. In its purest form, it is an area that has not been disturbed by humans or domestic animals.
Natural Environmental (Landscape)
An environment that includes landscapes and the natural features that give an area its identity
Natural environment
Sustainable development is the development that meets the ________ of the present without compromising the ability of _________ to meet their own _________
Needs Future generations Needs
Form of participation where initiatives that on the surface seem to be a form of public participation but stakeholders who have no input
Non-participation
Resources where the use by one reduces the stock available for future generations.
Non-renewable Resources
Brought the concept of sustainable development to a global issue
Our Common Future
poverty as "the state of one who lacks a usual or socially acceptable amount of money or material possessions." -OR- Lacking enough resources to provide the basic needs of life - food, clean water, shelter, clothing, access to health care, education, and transportation
Poverty
There are many potential benefits of adopting sustainable practices for a company. Which of the following is not one of those reasons identified or discussed in class? Preservation of all resources, Stakeholder satisfaction, Risk management, Increase market share, Improved financial performance, or Competitive edge
Preservation of all recourses
There are many potential benefits of adopting sustainable practices for a company. Which of the following is not one of those reasons identified or discussed in class?
Preservation of all resources
Approach to the management of natural resources that stress the spiritual / aesthetic value of wilderness.
Preservationists
Approach to the management of natural resources that represents a "wise use" of those resources. The motives are economic rather than just aesthetic.
Progressive Conservationists
Basic lack of calories and protein
Protein-Energy Malnutrition
The chief aim of interpretation is ...
Provocation
The United Nations identified 17 goals for Sustainable Development. Which of the goals relates to universal primary and secondary education, affordable vocational training, access to higher education and more for all people?
Quality Education
Based on our class discussion, when looking at the history of the ideas behind sustainability what is one thing that can be attributed to the following? ROMAN REPUBLIC: EARLY FARMING/PROGRESSIVE CONSERVATIONISTS: IROQUOIS CONFEDERACY: RACHEL CARSON/RECREATION MOVEMENT:
ROMAN REPUBLIC: Planning and development EARLY FARMING/PROGRESSIVE CONSERVATIONISTS: Wise use IROQUOIS CONFEDERACY: Long-term view RACHEL CARSON/RECREATION MOVEMENT: Both a rural and an urban
Resources where the use by one person does not deplete availability for future generations so long as the rate of use is within the limits of regeneration and natural growth
Renewable Resources
Written by Rachel Carson, this book helped to transform the environmental debate from one that was primarily based in peripheral areas to one that was urban-based
Silent Spring
Social networks and the associated norms of reciprocity, and also refers to features of the social organization including trust, the density, and knowledge of relationships within networks and obligations and expectations
Social capital
The basic process in the formation both of human nature and of the social order and cohesive society is said to hang together, in part, through this
Social interaction
The arrangement of social relationships in a group of people with a common interest
Society
In class, we identified 4 sides to sustainable development. We used an image such as the one below to show how these sides overlap and impact each other. Which of the following are the 4 sides of sustainable development/ (Hint - you will select 4 items)
Sociocultural Economy Environment Aesthetic
Considering the environment, context, and expected experience seen in the picture above. Which of the following would not be sustainable from an aesthetic standpoint.
Sound of airplanes taking off from an airport
One of the keys to effective interpretation is
Starting where your audience is
Aesthetics is
Subjective
A dizzying array of labels has cropped up in response to companies' desire to communicate to consumers their environmental efforts. But the success of ratings like Energy Star show show resoundingly people respond when, in considering products in a category, they are presented with a single rating.
TRUE
Economic growth and development obviously involve changes n the physical ecosystem. Every ecosystem everywhere cannot be preserved intact
TRUE
Environment and development are separate challenges; they are not linked
TRUE
Globalization refers to the eve-increasing network of connections between individuals and organizations made possible by technology and transportation
TRUE
In his discussion, Steve Howard said that the vast majority of people care about sustainability after the day-to-day issues
TRUE
Poverty is more than just lack of money
TRUE
The scale of a business operation makes a clear difference in its environmental footprint, but small businesses grouped together by environmental and economic impacts have a combined significance that is sometimes ignored because of their relatively small individual size
TRUE
The triple bottom line (TBL) consists of three Ps: profit, people and planet.
TRUE
The triple bottom line aims to measure the financial, social and environmental performance of the corporation over a period of time
TRUE
There is no single blueprint of sustainability, as economic and social systems and ecological conditions differ widely among countries, communities and businesses
TRUE
VCI provides a way to make apples- to- apples comparisons of products on the basis of the impacts that accure to them at each phase of their journey from raw material to consumed, discarded good
TRUE
The ratio of direct, indirect, and induced changes in an economy to the direct initial change itself
The multiplier effect
John Kasaona dissced a program developed by the IRDNC to pay local people to look after the wildlife. They turned to the "poachers" who lived in the local villages. The idea was to help men reclaim their abilities to manage their peoples and their rights to own and manage wildlife. And thus, as people started feeling ownership over wildlife, wildlife numbers started coming back, and that's actually becoming a foundation for conservation in Namibia. What were three things he stated that helped to build this foundation?(Strong regulations and rules, Enforcing punishments for those who were found to be poachers, The villagers wanted to have better life where they could benefit through many things, Honoring of tradition and being open to new ideas, partnerships)
The villagers wanted to have better life where they could benefit through many things; Honoring of tradition and being open to new ideas; Partnerships
In the article The Sustainable Economy, the authors state that, "Developments on three fronts ... make it not only possible but inevitable that successful business will become synonymous with sustainable business." Which of the following is not one of those three fronts? (a)Capital is flowing into companies known to manage the cost of things that had been considered priceless well (b)Indices are being established that allow disparate contributors in a supply chain to converge on sustainability standards (c)Prices are now being calculated for many things that had been considered priceless (d)There is more awareness and understanding of the environmental, sociocultural, economic, and aesthetic impact business has on a community
There is more awareness and understanding of the environmental, sociocultural, economic, and aesthetic impact business has on a community
There are multiple strengths to using carrying capacity measurements. Which of the following is not one of those strengths? (It is a true measure of cumulative effects against a threshold, It addresses time factors, It addresses the effects in a system context, This type of regional information is often developed in the United States)
This type of regional information often is developed in the United States
The tendency of any resource that is unowned, and hence nonexcludable, to be overused and under-maintained.
Tragedy of the Commons
A philosophical orientation whereby organizations develop and implement not just a traditional economically sustainable strategy, but also explicitly include environmental and social sustainability strategies. Companies/ organizations monitoring the following 3 areas profit, people, and the planet.
Triple Bottom Line
Wilson-Rich found that urban beehives have a longer life span that rural and suburban beehives, and bees in the city are more biodiverse; there are more bee species in urban areas. This was due to ...
Urban areas have the most habitat and the best habitat for bees
At times during the year, eating patterns of one or more household members were disrupted and food intake reduced because the household lacked money or other resources for food
Very low food security
Promoting sustainable agriculture and supporting small farmers are methods (ways) to address which UN Sustainable Development Goal?
Zero Hunger
1 in _________ Americans are food insecure.
6
According to the Encyclopedia of Sustainability, "The U.S. government estimates that ______ percent of its economy is composed of small businesses."
99.7%
From a business perspective, the environment can be viewed as (select all that are correct)
A brand A resource of raw material A recruitment tool
Environmental and economic problems are linked to many social and political factors
TRUE
any individual or identifiable group that can affect or is affected by the achievement of the organization's objectives
Stakeholder
The process of working collaboratively with a group of people in order to achieve a goal.
Teamwork
Relating to the process or system by which goods and services are produced, sold, and bought. The study of scarcity, how people use resources, and decision-making
Economics
Groups of interconnected, mutually interdependent parts linked by the exchange of energy, matter, and information. An interconnected community of living things, including humans, and the physical environment with which they interact.
Ecosystem
Economic growth and development do not necessarily have to involve change in the physical ecosystem. Every ecosystem everywhere can be preserved intact.
FALSE
Sustainability is solely an environmental issue
FALSE
Sustainability is solely an environmental issue.
FALSE
Sustainable development can be defined as, "Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations' needs"
FALSE
The environmental difficulties that confront us are new and complex
FALSE
The nee for these natural resources by business and industry does not provide an economic rationale for protecting and preserving such resources
FALSE
Urban social sustainability can only occur in neighborhoods with 'high' environmental quality
FALSE
We do not depend on one bioshperes for sustaining our lives
FALSE
Wilson-Rich found that urban beehives have a longer life span than rural and suburban beehives, and bees in the city are more biodiverse; there are more bee species in urban areas. This was due to the lack of pesticides in urban areas.
FALSE
Youn (3 Reasons Why We Can Win the Fight Against Poverty video) argues that conventional fertilizer, even if used responsibly, is not environmentally sustainable.
FALSE
An environment where people have transformed the natural environment to produce crops and raise livestock
Farmed environment
An area that has limited access to affordable and nutritious food. An area that is more than one mile from a supermarket in urban or suburban areas and more than 10 miles from a supermarket in rural areas
Food Desert
There are three main characteristics/ elements for a group of people to be considered a team. What are they?
Interdependence, Common goal, Working collaboratively
a communication process that forges emotional and intellectual connections between the interests of the audience and the inherent meanings in the resource
Interpretation
Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
Sustainable Development
Places where people want to live and work, now and in the future. They meet the diverse needs of existing and future residents, are sensitive to their environment, and contribute to a high quality of life. They are safe and inclusive, well planned, built and run, and offer equality of opportunity and good services for all
Sustainable community
Fresh fruit and vegetables are difficult to find in food deserts.
TRUE
Interpretation is a communication process that forges intellectual and emotional connections between the interests of the audience and the inherent meanings in the resource
TRUE
Joe Mooallem in his discussion argued that "stories have very real consequences, because now, how we feel about an animal affects its survival more than anything that you read about in ecology textbooks. Storytelling matters now. Emotion matters. Our imagination has become an ecological force."
TRUE
Our Common Future brought the concept of sustainable development to a global issue.
TRUE
People need to feel safe before they can address the need to conserve cultural traditions
TRUE
Research shows that people are supportive of sustainable ideas and issues if they understand these issues
TRUE
Sam Ohu Gon stated that in the past people had less impact on the natural environment (<15%) in Hawaii yet were 100% self sufficient. Today people have a much larger impact of the natural environment (>70%) but are less (<15%) self sufficient. In other words, people in Hawaii rely on imports to survive. This was due to a change in the way the land (natural resources) was viewed and managed. He argues that any formula for land use that replaces huge native diversity for a single thing will ultimately destroy the foundation upon which our lives and identity depend.
TRUE
Steve stated that giving and using names for the animals (which he did multipule times during the presentation) makes a difference because it makes a connection to the animal
TRUE
We all depend on one biosphere for sustaining our lives.
TRUE
When done correctly teams allow for tasks to be accomplished that would be impossible or extremely difficult for an individual.
TRUE
Wilson-Rich argues that one of the reasons for concern over the decline in bee populations is that without pollinators (such as bees) we would be without foods that we rely upon: fruits, vegetables, crunchy almonds and nuts, tart apples, sour lemons. This will lead to causing global hunger, economic collapse, and a total moral crisis across earth
TRUE
Without social interaction, people living in a given area can only be described as a group of individuals living separate lives, with little sense of community or sense of pride or place attachment
TRUE
You cannot make good products from bad raw material
TRUE
An interdependent group of people that work collaboratively with each other to achieve a common goal
Team
