STI II Final

According to Tabery in his cat study, when tissue is immobilized in a shortened position, ____% of sarcomeres are lost compared to 19% when immobilized in a lengthened position. 50% 40% 30% 20%

40%

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the layered syndrome? A. All the above are characteristic of the layered syndrome B. Easily corrected by stretching the postural muscles and strengthening the phasic C. Often seen in patients with low back hypermobility/instability D. Includes weak/inhibited gluteal muscles, mid/low trapezius

A. All the above are characteristic of the layered syndrome

Which of the following is LEAST important when examining the posture? A. What is the patient's body type? B. How patient's clothing hangs on his/her's frame, which may represent a tissue imbalance?

B. How patient's clothing hangs on his/her's frame, which may represent a tissue imbalance?

In Janda's classification of postural and phasic muscles as presented online, postural muscles are defined as: A. muscles that respond to dysfunction by getting weak/inhibited B. Muscles that respond to dysfunction by becoming tight/short C. Muscles that are always tight/short D. muscles that respond to dysfunction by becoming short and inhibited

B. Muscles that respond to dysfunction by becoming tight/short

According to Janda, an upper crossed syndrome can BEST be corrected by: A. Stretching the longus colli B. Stretching the pectoralis major and upper trapezius C. stretching the upper trap and infraspinatus D. Strengthen the upper and mid trapezius

B. Stretching the pectoralis major and upper trapezius

According to your text, which of these best represent the four phases of scaring process following a wound to the tissues? A. Vascularity phase, inflammatory phase, fibroblastic phase, and maturation phase B. Inflammatory phase, fibroblastic phase, vascularity phase, and granulation phase C. Inflammatory phase, granulation phase, fibroblastic phase, and maturation phase D. Fibroblastic phase, inflammatory phase, maturation phase, and granulation phase

C. Inflammatory phase, granulation phase, fibroblastic phase, and maturation phase

Which of the following is a myofascial inefficiency of a FHP? A. Shortening of the rhomboid and upper trapeizus muscles B. Possible increased tone of the masseters and temporalis C. Inhibition of the low/mid trapezius and SCM D. Increased diaphragmatic excursions

C. Inhibition of the low/mid trapezius and SCM

Which of the following is an example of soft tissue/mechanical dysfunction? A. Rehumatoid Arthritis B. Congenital tropism C. Prolapsed disc D. Ankylosing spondylitis

C. Prolapsed disc

Which of the following are typical characteristic of the lumbo-sacral spine junctional zone? A. facet orientation purely in the sagittal plane B. Stabilization is enhanced for both sexes provided by ilio-lumbar ligament to L4 C. Significant anterior shearing forces occur in this area D. Equal compressive forces throughout the lumbar spine

C. Significant anterior shearing forces occur in this area

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the cycle of fibrosis for connective tissue? A. Myofibroblasts cause the tissue to tighten or shrink as they anchor to adjacent collagen fibers and contract. B. The fibrotic process can continue as long as an irritant is present C. The fibrotic process is self-limiting like the scaring process D. With increased vascularity and debridement, fibroblasts are activated to replace lost collagen.

C. The fibrotic process is self-limiting like the scaring process

When the iliopsoas muscle responds to dysfunction it produces which of the following limitations/compensation? A. restricted hip extension B. tight posterior hip capsule C. increased lumbar backward bending/lordosis D. decreased anterior rotation of the innominate

C. increased lumbar backward bending/lordosis

Which of the following is the main characteristic required for diagnosing myofascial pain syndrome? A. lower crossed syndrome B. Chronic pain > 3 months C. Hx of trauma to soft tissue D. Presence of active or latent trigger points

D. Presence of active or latent trigger points

According to the study of Flowers and Pheasant: A. After 4 weeks of remobilization, the number of sarcomeres return to normal. B. Collagen content begins to decrease after 4-6 days of immobilization C. Connective tissue immobilized beyond 6 weeks will only recover by 50% D. Traumatic exudate is required as a catalyst to begin the contracture process

D. Traumatic exudate is required as a catalyst to begin the contracture process

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of LATENT trigger points? a. A latent trigger point is constantly producing pain b. A latent trigger point causes muscle stiffness and restricts ROM c. A latent trigger point causes vasoconstriction as an autonomic affect. d.A latent trigger point disturbs motor function

a. A latent trigger point is constantly producing pain

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding junctional zones? a. Myotendinous junctional zones are rarely sites of injury b. The tendon-bone junction sustains greater forces due to forces generated by the muscle than ligament-bone. c. There are two types of insertions identified in literature: direct and indirect. d. The junctional zones of ligament, tendon and capsule are relatively avascular compared with tissue on either side of the zone.

a. Myotendinous junctional zones are rarely sites of injury

Golgi tendon organs are: a. extremely sensitive to changes in tension of connective tissue b. located in striated muscle c. responsible for transducing both rapid and slow change in muscle length d. have specialized transducers called nuclear chain fibers

a. extremely sensitive to changes in tension of connective tissue

Which of the following is an example of dense irregular connective tissue is: a. Ligamentus nuchae b. Glenohumeral joint capsule c.Superficial fascial sheaths d.Achilles tendon

b. Glenohumeral joint capsule

Which of the following is true about ground substance? a. It can be replenished by mast cells after tissue is re-mobilized with movement b. It maintains a "critical interfiber distance" between collagen fibers to prevent restrictions/adhesions c. It can start to dry up in 4-6 weeks following immobilization d. It is used to for rejuvenation, elimination and production

b. It maintains a "critical interfiber distance" between collagen fibers to prevent restrictions/adhesions

Which of the following represent a physiological effect of myofascial manipulation? a. improved tissue mobility b. increased blood flow due to capillary dilation c. release of micro adhesions d. resetting of aberrant movement patterns

b. increased blood flow due to capillary dilation

Which of the following is a result of soft tissue immobilization? a. initial significant loss of collagen content b. loss of sarcomeres and GAG c. loss of collagen and elastin d. loss of collagen and water

b. loss of sarcomeres and GAG

Which of the following best explains the result of soft tissue immobilization of muscle? a. initial significant loss of collagen content b. loss of sarcomeres and fiber diameter c. loss of collagen and elastin d. increased binding of fascial elements and GAG

b. loss of sarcomeres and fiber diameter

Which of the following is involved in the cycle of fibrosis and has the ability to contract? a. collagen b. myofibroblast c. elastin d. macrophages

b. myofibroblast

The goal of structural integration or Rolfing is to: a. use of oscillations to restore mobility and function b. restore balance and harmony of movement c. reduce pain and swelling d. apply superficial techniques to the skin and subcutaneous tissue to restore circulation

b. restore balance and harmony of movement

Some examples of Hoffa massage techniques would include: a.skin rolling, tapotement and fingertip kneading b.effleurage, petrissage, and tapotement c.friction techniques d.ischemic compression, trigger point release

b.effleurage, petrissage, and tapotement

Which of the following apply to Thixotrophy? a. It is a neurophysiological properity of muscle and other tissues resulting in stiffness b. It is a physical properity of all tissues resulting in stiffness c. A tissue property that is time dependent

c. A tissue property that is time dependent

Which of the following is NOT true regarding collagen synthesis? a. Collagen synthesis begins by the absorption of an amino acid b. During synthesis strands of protocollagen are linked in a triple helix loop. c. Collagen synthesis takes place in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of the fibrocytes. d. When the tropocollagens are released from the cell they link in series and parallel to form collagen fibrils.

c. Collagen synthesis takes place in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of the fibrocytes.

Which of the following could be described as a technique that incorporates gentle sequences of movement that would allow for slow deliberate changing of abnormal inefficient movement patterns into normal, efficient movements? a. Myofasical Release b. CT Massage c. Feldenkrais Method d. PNF

c. Feldenkrais Method

Which of the following is MOST true regarding fibromyalgia? a. Affects both men and women between the ages of 20-50 equally b. Can be cured by sleep medication and low-intensity aerobic exercise c. May be caused by hypersensitivity of the central nervous system d. Produces a positive rheumatological work-up

c. May be caused by hypersensitivity of the central nervous system

Which of the following is NOT true regarding fibroblasts: a. Synthesize collagen, ground substance, elastin and reticulin b. Respond to stress with proliferation c. Synthesize collagen, ground substance and eosinophils d. Are considered fixed cells within connective tissue

c. Synthesize collagen, ground substance and eosinophils

Meissner Corpuscles are: a. are the most peripheral of all sensory receptors b. found in the fibrous joint capsule c. higher in density in glabrous (hairless) skin like the palms of the hands d.located in hairy skin

c. higher in density in glabrous (hairless) skin like the palms of the hands

The principle of biotensegrity is partially represented by which of the following? a. Ligaments holding bones together b. Compressive forces resisted by muscle c. Tensile forces distributed through bone d. Fascia absorbing tensile forces

d. Fascia absorbing tensile forces

Which of the following is an example of soft tissue/mechanical dysfunction? a. Ankylosing spondylitis b. Congenital tropism c. Rheumatoid arthritis d. Prolapsed disc

d. Prolapsed disc

Which of the following is true of mast cells? a. They constantly secrete histamine, a vasodilator b. They are responsible for phagocytosing waste product. c. When disrupted, they release heparin, an anticoagulant d. They are formed primarily in loose connective tissue.

d. They are formed primarily in loose connective tissue.

Which of the following is true regarding myofascial pain syndrome? a. Can develop into Fibromyalgia if not detected and treated early b. Seen mostly in people between the ages of 30-40 who are inactive c. Local tenderness as well as widespread pain throughout the body d. Trigger points found equally in both men and women

d. Trigger points found equally in both men and women

Which of the following GAG are responsible for tissue lubrication? a. chondroitin-4-sulfate and chondroitin-6-sulfate?? b. keratin sulfate c. dermatin sulfate d. hyaluronic acid

d. hyaluronic acid

Which of the following is NOT an effective treatment for trigger points? a. analgesic injection such as lidocaine b. dry needling c. spray and stretch d. steroid injection such as cortisone

d. steroid injection such as cortisone

According to the study of Akeson et. al, which of the following is a response to immobilization of CT? a. GAG content is increased when force and movement do not occur b. GAG turnover (half-life) is slower than collagen half-life c.there is an increase of hexomine content in the meniscus and articular cartilage of the immobilized joint d. there is no initial change in the total collagen content

d. there is no initial change in the total collagen content

Static Nuclear bag spindles do which of the following? a. transduce rapid changes in muscle length b. terminate on all three types of intrafusal fibers. c. transduce information about slower changes in muscle length d. transduce tonic information about spindle length

d. transduce tonic information about spindle length

In the case of the lumbar spine with decreased lumbar lordosis and lower lumbar facet hypermobility, the:

-Erector spinae muscle group has a tendency to become weak/inhibited and the hamstrings have a tendency to become tight/short

According to the study done by Tabery et. al, which position of limb casting produced 19% more sarcomeres in series?

-lengthened position

According to your textbook, which of the following bests explain the general effects of nontraumatic immobilization of connective tissue? A. Loss of ground substance, decreased tissue extensibility, and formation of fibrofatty macroadhesion B. Loss of net collagen, decreased ground substance, and decreased tissue extensibility C. Effects are normalized within six weeks, decreased amounts of collagen, and scar formation. D. Increased fatty infiltrates, increase ground substance, and loss of tissue extensibility.

A. Loss of ground substance, decreased tissue extensibility, and formation of fibrofatty macroadhesion

Which of the following is NOT an effective treatment for trigger points? A. Steroid injection such as cortisone B. Dry needling C. Analgesic injection such as lidocaine D. Inhibitive pressure to the nodule

A. Steroid injection such as cortisone

Which of the following is a result of rhomboid dysfunction? A. all the above are a result of rhomboid dysfunction B. Scapula ABD and outward rotation of the inferior angle C. poor scapular control/stabilization D. increased thoracic kyphosis

A. all the above are a result of rhomboid dysfunction

Which of the following statements is correct regarding FMS?

A. norepinephrine and serum 5-HT are both reduced while levels of substance P are elevated in patients with FMS

Which of the following muscle pain syndrome have tissue specific pathology? A. soft tissue/mechanical dysfunction B. muscular rheumatism C. myofascial pain syndrome D. Fibromyalgia

A. soft tissue/mechanical dysfunction