Strength and Conditioning cumulative quiz 1

Which of the following statements is/are true of testing an athlete's speed? (Choose all correct)

-Acceleration ability is best assessed in the first ~10 yards -Athletes of similar anaerobic ability may not be similar in speed performance due to technique differences.

Which of the following is true regarding maximal muscular force?

Maximal muscular force takes longer to generate when called upon than most sport skills

T/F: Strength training can improve aerobic capacity.

True

Which of the following intended adaptations is most likely to be negatively impacted by adding low-intensity endurance training to an athlete's weekly routine?

mRFD

Which of the following components of mechanical load is the LEAST important for stimulating new bone formation?

rest period

Which of the following physiological characteristics decreases as an adaptation to aerobic endurance training?

resting cardiac output

T/f: Powerlifters should use less concurrent training than basketball players

true

T/f: Providing carbohydrates 30-60 minutes prior to exercise may decrease the acute cortisol response.

true

Which of the following is true of "neuronal" lifting schemes?

"Neuronal" schemes will improve strength but do not maximize testosterone response

Which of the following is/are correct? (Choose all correct)

-Anaerobic Power = (Muscular Force) x (Velocity of Movement) -Muscular Power = (Muscular Force) x (Distance of Movement / Duration of Movement)

Growth hormone is capable of stimulating which of the following? (Choose all correct)

-Breakdown of fat from storage -Sparing of glucose from widespread use for cell energy

Select all true statements regarding Cardiac Output:

-Cardiac output will increase with the start of steady-state submaximal exercise but eventually level off for the remainder of the exercise duration. -Cardiac Output may increase before starting exercise due to sympathetic stimulation (anticipatory response).

Select all statements which are correct regarding hormones (endocrine signals) and neurotransmitters (nervous signals):

-Hormones' release can be stimulated by neural signals or by chemical signals (including other hormones) -Hormones, once released from a cell can effect other nearby cells or tissues, as well as cells/tissues in other regions of the body -Neurotransmitters are released. act. and are cleared (destroyed) much faster than hormones.

Endocrine system responses to acute exercise stress may include which of the following? (Choose all correct)

-increase the number of available receptors on target cells' surface -decrease the rate at which the liver and kidneys degrade and clear the hormone from the blood -increase the receptor activity -increase concentration of the hormone in blood circulation

Which of the following represents the most appropriate work-to-rest ratio for bouts of sprinting intended to improve fast glycolysis?

20 s Work, 1 min Rest

Research evidence indicates that a bout of very high intensity intermittent exercise (like heavy resistance exercise) can cause...

20-60% depletion of stored muscle glycogen

Which of the following exercises is likely to generate a larger hormonal response?

3 sets of 10 reps Conventional Deadlift at 80% 1RM

Which type of resistance training workout promotes the highest growth hormone increases following the exercise session? (rest - volume - sets)?

30 s Rest -- 12 RM -- 3 sets

In general, which one of the following statements is true

As the length of rest decreases for a given length of work interval, the % Maximal Power which the athlete can achieve decreases. (Less rest, less power)

Mean arterial pressure is defined as the... (select all correct definitions)

Average blood pressure throughout the cardiac cycle

Match the description or example to the intensity zone (based on bioenergetics) it best describes.

Competing in the javelin throw- High to Maximum 20 minutes Jogging with a friend while maintaining conversation- moderately Low Sets of 5 Squats at 5RM weight, followed by 4 minutes rest- High to Maximum Jumping Jacks - 20 seconds on, 10 seconds off (rest), repeated for 4 rounds- Moderate Competitive swimming events lasting approx. 3 minutes- Moderate

All of the following are functions of growth hormone except:

Decrease collagen synthesis

functions of growth hormone:

Decrease glucose utilization Increase amino acid transport Increase lipolysis

T/F: Glycolysis is also known as the "Lactic Acid System" because ultimately the build up of lactic acid will be the direct cause of fatigue (slowing muscular work).

False

T/F: Speed is dependent upon muscular strength, however aerobic endurance is not.

False

T/f: Once oxidative metabolism has started, fast glycolysis will stop until intensity is greatly increased or activity stops and starts again.

False

After several months of consistent heavy resistance training, which of the following adaptations is likely to occur?

Greater left ventricular wall thickness

Which of the following hormones have been observed in elevated concentrations in men up to 30 minutes after a resistance training workout?

Growth Hormone, Testosterone, and Cortisol

Which of the following consistently increase in proportion to exercise intensity up to maximal intensity? (Choose all correct)

Heart Rate oxygen uptake Mean Arterial Pressure Systolic Blood Pressure NOT: Diastolic Blood Pressure or stroke volume

Which of the following muscle fiber types are "bypassed" as a result of selective recruitment allowing highly trained weightlifters to generate more power during a 1RM snatch?

I

Which of the following muscle fiber types has the GREATEST potential to, when trained in a specific way, CHANGE into a more aerobic/oxidative or more glycolytic form?

IIx

After several months of effective aerobic endurance training, which is likely to occur in the heart? (choose all correct)

Increased left ventricular volume Eccentric Left ventricular hypertrophy Increased capillary density on cardiac muscle

Which of the following systems produces ATP at the quickest rate?

Phosphagen

Define selective recruitment. How does it help in tasks like jumping?

Selective Recruitment is an exception to the size principle. Selective recruitment is when an athlete is able to inhibit the lower-threshold motor units and in their place activate higher-threshold motor units. Selective recruitment is critical when force production is required at very high speeds for the expression of muscular power. It is helpful in tasks like jumping because it would be very difficult for athletes to generate enough angular velocity and power to attain maximal height for the vertical jump if they had to recruit the entire slow-twitch motor unit pool before activation of the fast-twitch units. As the time between the counter movement and the subsequent jump takeoff is often less than 0.4 seconds, so it would take too long to recruit all of the motor units in order and still perform an explosive jump.

Briefly, how does the term "supercompensation" explain what happens in an athlete's body following a single bout of intense training?

Supercompensation is a post training period where the athletes performance capacity increases in response to the resistance phase, which is an adaptive response to training. the baseline for the athlete's performance is elevated, increasing performance capacity. The body adapts to the stress that is put upon it.

Why is supplemental oxygen not typically of any advantage to out-of-breath athletes at sea-level? If they don't need more oxygen, why are they breathing so fast?

Supplemental oxygen is not typically an advantage because the athlete is breathing faster to exhale more Co2, not because they lack oxygen. When exercise intensity increases, there is a need to remove carbon dioxide from the blood.

Match each of the following performance components with its correct length of residual training effect:

Technical skills of movement (e.g. dribbling)- Long term Maximal Aerobic Capacity & Maximal stroke volume- Medium-term 1 Rep Max Deadlift & short distance sprint- short term

Which type of exercise has the GREATEST positive influence on bone mineral density?

axial loading

Which of the following is true of cardiac output in response to steady-state exercise?

cardiac output increases rapidly at the on-set of exercise then plateaus

Which of the following is/are true regarding concurrent training? (select all correct items)

concurrent training is capable of reducing body fat percentage concurrent endurance training should utilize modalities most similar to the athlete's sport when performed in the same day, aerobic training should follow strength or power (resistance) training activities

Which of the following adaptations occur as a result of aerobic endurance training?

decrease in heart rate at submaximal exercise intensities increase in density of capillaries in skeletal muscle increase in cardiac output at maximal exercise intensity decrease in heart rate at rest

Which of the following does NOT normally increase during an aerobic exercise session?

diastolic blood pressure

T/F: At the end of glycolysis, a carbohydrate (glucose) has been broken down to resynthesize ATP and only Pyruvate remains, which must be removed as waste since it cannot provide any additional energy.

false

T/F: IGF-1 will respond to exercise more quickly than Growth Hormone and will usually return to resting levels within an hour of ending exercise.

false

T/f: Anaerobic training results in cardiovascular adaptations that would diminish aerobic endurance performance.

false

T/f: Though a slow rise in average Cortisol circulation at rest is a positive effect of training, larger acute increases after bouts of exercise may be counterproductive to remodeling muscle tissue.

false

Plyometrics have been demonstrated to reduce the inhibitory effect on force development of...

golgi tendon organs

Which of the following hormone levels is higher in women than in men at rest?

growth hormone

Generating high muscular power requires which of the following? (choose all correct)

high speed of movement exerting high force maximizing the rate of energy production

A 17 y old cross-country runner has been training aerobically for six months in preparation for the upcoming season. Which of the following adaptations will occur in trained muscles during that time?

hypertrophy of type 1 fibers

An untrained college athlete begins a resistance training program. After training for 3 weeks, her strength increases dramatically. Which of the following is the MOST influential factor responsible for this improvement?

improved motor unit recruitment

Which of the following adaptations is an outcome of long-term heavy resistance training (>85% 1RM) that can IMPROVE performance of a tennis player?

increase neuromuscular branching

As an adaptation to heavy resistance training, which of the following is a beneficial change in pennated muscles?

increased angle of pennation, more contractile units in fascicles

Which of the following are primary neural adaptations to anaerobic training?

increased neural drive and reductions in inhibitory mechanisms

All of the following program design variables of a resistance training program contribute to significant exercise-induced increases in serum testosterone concentrations EXCEPT...

long rest intervals

An athlete's maximum muscular strength in one muscle would be best measured by which of the following

maximally contracting as fast as possible against an immovable surface attached to a dynamometer which measures force in kilograms

Which of the following decreases as a result of hypertrophic resistance training?

mitochondrial density

Q=

the rate of blood pumped from the heart SV x HR

Which of the following is true of changes in blood flow during exercise? (Choose all correct)

total volume of blood sent to the skin increases % of cardiac output directed to the brain decreases % of cardiac output directed to the digestive system decreases