Streptococcus and Related Bacteria

Strep C/G

If an organism morphologically looks like Group A strep then you test for ___ and ___ also

Group A Strep

If you are doing a throat culture what organism are you looking for?

Streptolysin O

which Virulence Factor is antigenic/immunogenic

Streptokinase

which antigenic virulence factor does Group A, C and G strep form?

Strep. pneumo, Haemophilus and Moraxella

which organisims are known for causing Ottis Media (Ear Infections)

BGUR Test

-A colormetric/Flurogenic test used to detect an enzyme produced by Group C and G Streptococci. - This differentiate large colony forming Beta streps from Small colony forming Beta Streps.

Virulence Factors: Strep. pneumoniae

-Capsular Polysaccharide (Mucoid) -Pneumolysin (Lyses Host Cells) -Autolysin (Donut; Damage to respiratory cells)

Virulence Factors: S.pyogenes

-M protein -Cell wall polysaccharide -Fibronectin-binding protein (Protein F) & Lipotechoic acid -Hyaluronic acid capsule -Hemolysins (S and O) -Spe -DNase B -Hyaluronidase -Streptokinase

Carrot Broth

-although not used often it is used to isolate group B strep within 6 hrs of incubation. - Red/Orange color production indicates Group B strep Positive.

CLS: Strep. pneumoniae

-community acquired -Meningitis -Sepsis -Sinusitis -Ottis Media (EAR INFECTIONS) most popular in <3yr olds -Endocarditis -Peritonitis

Group A Streptococcus (S.pyogenes)

-is NEVER a normal flora -affects the skin(cuaneous) and Pharyngeal (mucus membranes) in humans.

Serology to detect past Group A strep infections

ASO, anti-DNase, anti-streptokinase, and anti-hyaluronidase

BGUR

Abbreviation for Beta-D-Glucuronidase

CLS: Group A strep

Acute Pharyngitis (strep throat) Superficial Skin Infections Wound Infection/Arthritis Flesh Eating Bacteria Scarlet Fever STSS Bacteremia Pneumonia Otitis Media

Hyaluronidase

Depolymerizes connective tissue which allows the organism to spread.

LAP

Disk test that produces a color to identify different streptococcus species.

Lim Broth

Enriched and Selective Broth used to test for Group B streptococcus.

Acute Rheumatic Fever (ARF)

Heart valve damage that occurs after Pharyngitis caused from Group A strep.

Streptokinase

Hydrolyzes fibrin clots by preventing the formation of fibrin barriers at the edge of a lesion.

Acute Post Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis (AGN)

Inflammation of the kidneys that occurs after a Group A Strep Cutaneous or Pharyngeal infection.

Immunoassay

Is a direct specimen test or on the actual colony grotwh that uses an antibody to detect bacterial antigens

Community-Acquired Strep. pneumo

Leading cause of streptococcus in the ederly.

Emm gene

M protein is encoded by

Group C,F, G Streptococcus

Normal flora of the oropharyngeal (vaginal, GI and Skin) Large colonies w/ Wide Beta Hemolysis BGUR+ Resemble Group A strep in many ways

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Possible normal flora of the upper respiratory tract with its most at risk popuplations being children under <2yrs old and Elderly/Immunocompromised Adults

Todd-Hewitt Broth

Selective broth used in the isolation of Group B streptococcus from vaginal swabs of pregnant females. @35-37 weeks gestation; 36 is ideal

Neufield Test (quellung reaction)

Serves to isolate serotypes by specific anticapsular serum causing capsular swelling. This happens because Ag/Ab reactions to the antibiotics.

Rectal/Vaginal Swab

ideal sample required for a Carrot Broth culture

Meningitis

Strep. pneumonia, Haemophilus, Neisseria, E.coli and Listeria are all bacteria organsims which cause bacterial ________?

Streptolysin O and Streptolysin S

Two types of Hemolysins

Late Onset

a Group B strep disease in newborns that happens in 1 week to 3 months old which is uncommon and due to obstetrical complications.

Early Onset

a Group B strep disease in newborns that happens in less than 1 week causing high mortality due to vertical transmission

Stab n Streak Method

a type of method used when testing for Streptolysin O where you create an anerobic environment.

M Protein

a virulence factor that aids in adherence to mucosa and is attached to a PG found on the cell wall of S. pyogenes.

LAP

abbreviation for Leucine Aminopeptidase

Spe

abreviation for Streptococcal Pyrogenic Exotoxins

"Streptococcus-Like" Bacteria

all these bacteria are considered ___________ -Abuotrophia & Granulicatella -Aerococcus -Gemella -Leuconostoc -Lactococcus -Pediococcus

Lim Broth

broth that is enriched with yeast extract and Vitamin B

CLS: Group B Strep

causing Neonatal/ perinatal period diseases (Bacteremia, pneumonia, MENINGITIS, Septic Shock and Neutropenia) and a variety of diseases in adults from conjuctivitis, UTI to Postpartum Fever

Penicillin

drug of choice for treatment of Group A Strep Sequelae Complications

Penicillin G

drug of choice in treatment of Group B Streptococcus

Nonhemolytic/Alpha Hemolytic

group/type of Hemolysis containing Viridans Strep. (bovis and Group D included) and Group D Enterococcus species (faecalid and faecium)

Beta- Hemolytic

group/type of Hemolysis containing group A, B, C, F and G

Streptolysin S

hemolysin that is oxygen stabile and nonantigenic... really has no purpose because it doesnt cause antibodies to form

Streptolysin O

is an hemolysin that is oxygen labile (Hates Oxygen) which can lyse RBC's, Neutrophils an Plts.

DNase B

is antigenic and you use Anti-DNase B to document pharyngeal or skin infections.

Erythromycin

is the drug of choice if a patient is allergic to penicillin when treating Group A strep

Spe

is the group A strep virulence factor that caues: -Rash of Scarlet Fever -Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome

Latex Agglunation: +Group B Antigen

is the ideal rapid test for Group B strep

Antimicrobial Therapy

it is protocal to administor this 4 hrs before birth if you get a positive Real-Time PCR for Group B strep

DNA probe

labeled segment of DNA or RNA used to find a specific sequence of nucleotides in a DNA molecule. -In this case labeled to detect group B strep

Real Time PCR

makes quantitation of DNA and RNA easier, quicker and more specific than traditional test.

Postnatal Colonization

newborns can also develop Group B diseases from mothers, caregivers or nosocomial this is referred to as

Gentamicin/nalidixic aicd

selective agaents in the TH broth which are selective for Gram Positive organisms.

Todd-Hewitt Broth

selective broth made of beef heart/peptone base + dextrose

Acute Rheumatic Fever (ARF) Acute Post Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis (AGN)

sequelae infections that occur after having a Group A strep infection are:

Leucine alpha-naphthylamide

substrate in the LAP test

Latex Agglutination: Strep. pneumo

test that detects the capsular polysaccharide Antigen

Capsule

the key virulence factor in Group B strep is ____ because it avoids being phagocytized.

Naphthylamide

the production of _____ in the LAP test + DMACA will produce a red color creating a positive result for Beta Hemolysis

Streptococcus pneumoniae

the type of Streptococcus species that has vaccines PCV7 for kids <2yrs and PS23 for >65 Adults

Cell Wall Antigen Grouping

this is how the Lancefeild Grouping System is grouped together.

Vertical Transmission

this is when the mother can be assymptomatic and transfer Group B to her baby either in utero or during delivery.

Immunoassay

this test is more expensive than a culture test but is much quicker.