Streptococcus and Related Bacteria
Strep C/G
If an organism morphologically looks like Group A strep then you test for ___ and ___ also
Group A Strep
If you are doing a throat culture what organism are you looking for?
Streptolysin O
which Virulence Factor is antigenic/immunogenic
Streptokinase
which antigenic virulence factor does Group A, C and G strep form?
Strep. pneumo, Haemophilus and Moraxella
which organisims are known for causing Ottis Media (Ear Infections)
BGUR Test
-A colormetric/Flurogenic test used to detect an enzyme produced by Group C and G Streptococci. - This differentiate large colony forming Beta streps from Small colony forming Beta Streps.
Virulence Factors: Strep. pneumoniae
-Capsular Polysaccharide (Mucoid) -Pneumolysin (Lyses Host Cells) -Autolysin (Donut; Damage to respiratory cells)
Virulence Factors: S.pyogenes
-M protein -Cell wall polysaccharide -Fibronectin-binding protein (Protein F) & Lipotechoic acid -Hyaluronic acid capsule -Hemolysins (S and O) -Spe -DNase B -Hyaluronidase -Streptokinase
Carrot Broth
-although not used often it is used to isolate group B strep within 6 hrs of incubation. - Red/Orange color production indicates Group B strep Positive.
CLS: Strep. pneumoniae
-community acquired -Meningitis -Sepsis -Sinusitis -Ottis Media (EAR INFECTIONS) most popular in <3yr olds -Endocarditis -Peritonitis
Group A Streptococcus (S.pyogenes)
-is NEVER a normal flora -affects the skin(cuaneous) and Pharyngeal (mucus membranes) in humans.
Serology to detect past Group A strep infections
ASO, anti-DNase, anti-streptokinase, and anti-hyaluronidase
BGUR
Abbreviation for Beta-D-Glucuronidase
CLS: Group A strep
Acute Pharyngitis (strep throat) Superficial Skin Infections Wound Infection/Arthritis Flesh Eating Bacteria Scarlet Fever STSS Bacteremia Pneumonia Otitis Media
Hyaluronidase
Depolymerizes connective tissue which allows the organism to spread.
LAP
Disk test that produces a color to identify different streptococcus species.
Lim Broth
Enriched and Selective Broth used to test for Group B streptococcus.
Acute Rheumatic Fever (ARF)
Heart valve damage that occurs after Pharyngitis caused from Group A strep.
Streptokinase
Hydrolyzes fibrin clots by preventing the formation of fibrin barriers at the edge of a lesion.
Acute Post Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis (AGN)
Inflammation of the kidneys that occurs after a Group A Strep Cutaneous or Pharyngeal infection.
Immunoassay
Is a direct specimen test or on the actual colony grotwh that uses an antibody to detect bacterial antigens
Community-Acquired Strep. pneumo
Leading cause of streptococcus in the ederly.
Emm gene
M protein is encoded by
Group C,F, G Streptococcus
Normal flora of the oropharyngeal (vaginal, GI and Skin) Large colonies w/ Wide Beta Hemolysis BGUR+ Resemble Group A strep in many ways
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Possible normal flora of the upper respiratory tract with its most at risk popuplations being children under <2yrs old and Elderly/Immunocompromised Adults
Todd-Hewitt Broth
Selective broth used in the isolation of Group B streptococcus from vaginal swabs of pregnant females. @35-37 weeks gestation; 36 is ideal
Neufield Test (quellung reaction)
Serves to isolate serotypes by specific anticapsular serum causing capsular swelling. This happens because Ag/Ab reactions to the antibiotics.
Rectal/Vaginal Swab
ideal sample required for a Carrot Broth culture
Meningitis
Strep. pneumonia, Haemophilus, Neisseria, E.coli and Listeria are all bacteria organsims which cause bacterial ________?
Streptolysin O and Streptolysin S
Two types of Hemolysins
Late Onset
a Group B strep disease in newborns that happens in 1 week to 3 months old which is uncommon and due to obstetrical complications.
Early Onset
a Group B strep disease in newborns that happens in less than 1 week causing high mortality due to vertical transmission
Stab n Streak Method
a type of method used when testing for Streptolysin O where you create an anerobic environment.
M Protein
a virulence factor that aids in adherence to mucosa and is attached to a PG found on the cell wall of S. pyogenes.
LAP
abbreviation for Leucine Aminopeptidase
Spe
abreviation for Streptococcal Pyrogenic Exotoxins
"Streptococcus-Like" Bacteria
all these bacteria are considered ___________ -Abuotrophia & Granulicatella -Aerococcus -Gemella -Leuconostoc -Lactococcus -Pediococcus
Lim Broth
broth that is enriched with yeast extract and Vitamin B
CLS: Group B Strep
causing Neonatal/ perinatal period diseases (Bacteremia, pneumonia, MENINGITIS, Septic Shock and Neutropenia) and a variety of diseases in adults from conjuctivitis, UTI to Postpartum Fever
Penicillin
drug of choice for treatment of Group A Strep Sequelae Complications
Penicillin G
drug of choice in treatment of Group B Streptococcus
Nonhemolytic/Alpha Hemolytic
group/type of Hemolysis containing Viridans Strep. (bovis and Group D included) and Group D Enterococcus species (faecalid and faecium)
Beta- Hemolytic
group/type of Hemolysis containing group A, B, C, F and G
Streptolysin S
hemolysin that is oxygen stabile and nonantigenic... really has no purpose because it doesnt cause antibodies to form
Streptolysin O
is an hemolysin that is oxygen labile (Hates Oxygen) which can lyse RBC's, Neutrophils an Plts.
DNase B
is antigenic and you use Anti-DNase B to document pharyngeal or skin infections.
Erythromycin
is the drug of choice if a patient is allergic to penicillin when treating Group A strep
Spe
is the group A strep virulence factor that caues: -Rash of Scarlet Fever -Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome
Latex Agglunation: +Group B Antigen
is the ideal rapid test for Group B strep
Antimicrobial Therapy
it is protocal to administor this 4 hrs before birth if you get a positive Real-Time PCR for Group B strep
DNA probe
labeled segment of DNA or RNA used to find a specific sequence of nucleotides in a DNA molecule. -In this case labeled to detect group B strep
Real Time PCR
makes quantitation of DNA and RNA easier, quicker and more specific than traditional test.
Postnatal Colonization
newborns can also develop Group B diseases from mothers, caregivers or nosocomial this is referred to as
Gentamicin/nalidixic aicd
selective agaents in the TH broth which are selective for Gram Positive organisms.
Todd-Hewitt Broth
selective broth made of beef heart/peptone base + dextrose
Acute Rheumatic Fever (ARF) Acute Post Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis (AGN)
sequelae infections that occur after having a Group A strep infection are:
Leucine alpha-naphthylamide
substrate in the LAP test
Latex Agglutination: Strep. pneumo
test that detects the capsular polysaccharide Antigen
Capsule
the key virulence factor in Group B strep is ____ because it avoids being phagocytized.
Naphthylamide
the production of _____ in the LAP test + DMACA will produce a red color creating a positive result for Beta Hemolysis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
the type of Streptococcus species that has vaccines PCV7 for kids <2yrs and PS23 for >65 Adults
Cell Wall Antigen Grouping
this is how the Lancefeild Grouping System is grouped together.
Vertical Transmission
this is when the mother can be assymptomatic and transfer Group B to her baby either in utero or during delivery.
Immunoassay
this test is more expensive than a culture test but is much quicker.
