Structural Chapter 9- The knee joint
Rectus Femoris actions
Flexion of the hip Extension of the knee Anterior pelvic rotation
Vastus intermedius insertion
Upper border of the patella and patellar tendon to the tibial tuberosity
Popliteus insertion
Upper posteromedial surface of the tibia
the hamstrings are primarily knee ____ and hip ______
flexors extensors
Just posterior to the patellar tendon in the infrapatellar fat pad, which is often an insertion point for synovial folds of tissue known as ____
plica
Laterally, the ______ ________ ________ originates on the lateral femoral condyle very close to the popliteus origin and inserts on the head of the fibula
shorter fibula collateral
What type of joint is the knee joint?
-Largest diarthrodial joint in the body -primarily a hinge joint
Fibula
-does not articulate with the femur or patella -is not part of the knee joint -serves as an attachment point for some very important knee joint structures
Patella
-sesamoid bone -within the quadriceps muscles and patellar tendon -creates an improved angle of pull for the quads -assts in knee extension
Rectus Femoris Origin
Anterior inferior iliac spine of the ilium and groove (posterior) above the acetabulum
Posterior: Primarily knee flexion
Biceps femoris* Semimembranosus* Semitendinosus* Sartorius* Gracilis* Popliteus Gastrocnemius* Plantaris*
Vastus Lateralis actions
Extension of the knee
Vastus intermedius action
Extension of the knee
Vastus medialis action
Extension of the knee
Popliteus actions
Flexion of the knee Internal rotation of the knee as it flexes
Vastus lateralis origin
Intertrochanteric line, anterior and inferior borders of the greater trochanter, gluteal tuberosity, upper half of the linea aspera, and entire lateral intermuscular septum
Vastus lateralis insertion
Lateral border of the patella and patellar tendon to the tibial tuberosity
Vastus medialis insertion
Medial half of the upper border of the patella and patellar tendon to the tibial tuberosity
The quadricep muscles all attach to the _____ and by the _____ _______ to the tuberosity of the tibia
Patella patellar tendon
Popliteus origin
Posterior surface of the lateral condyle of the femur
The angle formed by the intersection of these two lines at the patella is known as the ______ ______
Q angle
Vastus intermedius origin
Upper two-thirds of the anterior surface of the femur
Vastus medialis origin
Whole length of the linea aspera and the medial condyloid ridge
The ______ _____ _______ tear is one of the most common serious injuries to the knee and has been shown to be significantly more common in females than males during similar sports such as basketball and soccer.
anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
The central line of pull for the entire quadriceps runs from the ______ _____ _______ ______ to the center of the patella
anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
The patellofemoral joint is classified as an _______ joint due to the gliding nature of the patella on the femoral condyles
arthrodial
The head of the fibula is the primary location of the _____ ______ insertion
biceps femoris
What are the muscles of the hamstrings?
biceps femoris semimembranosus semitendinosus
The _____ nerve innervates the knee extensors
femoral
The knee joint proper, or tibiofemoral joint, is classified as a _______ joint because it functions like a hinge
ginglymus
All hamstrings originate where?
ischial tuberosity of the pelvic bone
The hamstrings are responsible for what movement?
knee flexion
The sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus all join together distally to form a tendinous expansion known as the _____ _______, which attaches to the anteromedial aspect of the proximal tibia below the level of the tibial tuberosity
pes anserinus
The hamstrings are the are antagonists to what muscles at the knees?
quadriceps
The upper anteromedial surface of the tibia just below the medial condyle serves as the insertion for the _______, _______, and ________
sartorius gracilis semitendinosus
The ______ inserts posteromedially on the medial tibial condyle
semimembranosus
muscles strains in the hamstrings are commonly caused by what?
sports dealing with explosive running because the hamstrings function is acceleration
the _____ _______ _________ originates on the medial aspect of the upper medial femoral condyle and inserts on the medial surface of the tibia
tibial collateral ligament
The knee flexors are innervated by the _____ _______ __ ____ ______ _______
tibial division of the sciatic nerve
tibiofemoral joint is sometimes referred to as a ______ joint because of the internal and external rotation movements that can occur during flexion
trochoginglymus
Anterior: Primarily knee extension
Rectus femoris* Vastus medialis Vastus intermedius Vastus lateralis
Rectus Femoris Insertion
Superior aspect of the patella and patellar tendon to the tibial tuberosity