Structural Chapter 9- The knee joint

Rectus Femoris actions

Flexion of the hip Extension of the knee Anterior pelvic rotation

Vastus intermedius insertion

Upper border of the patella and patellar tendon to the tibial tuberosity

Popliteus insertion

Upper posteromedial surface of the tibia

the hamstrings are primarily knee ____ and hip ______

flexors extensors

Just posterior to the patellar tendon in the infrapatellar fat pad, which is often an insertion point for synovial folds of tissue known as ____

plica

Laterally, the ______ ________ ________ originates on the lateral femoral condyle very close to the popliteus origin and inserts on the head of the fibula

shorter fibula collateral

What type of joint is the knee joint?

-Largest diarthrodial joint in the body -primarily a hinge joint

Fibula

-does not articulate with the femur or patella -is not part of the knee joint -serves as an attachment point for some very important knee joint structures

Patella

-sesamoid bone -within the quadriceps muscles and patellar tendon -creates an improved angle of pull for the quads -assts in knee extension

Rectus Femoris Origin

Anterior inferior iliac spine of the ilium and groove (posterior) above the acetabulum

Posterior: Primarily knee flexion

Biceps femoris* Semimembranosus* Semitendinosus* Sartorius* Gracilis* Popliteus Gastrocnemius* Plantaris*

Vastus Lateralis actions

Extension of the knee

Vastus intermedius action

Extension of the knee

Vastus medialis action

Extension of the knee

Popliteus actions

Flexion of the knee Internal rotation of the knee as it flexes

Vastus lateralis origin

Intertrochanteric line, anterior and inferior borders of the greater trochanter, gluteal tuberosity, upper half of the linea aspera, and entire lateral intermuscular septum

Vastus lateralis insertion

Lateral border of the patella and patellar tendon to the tibial tuberosity

Vastus medialis insertion

Medial half of the upper border of the patella and patellar tendon to the tibial tuberosity

The quadricep muscles all attach to the _____ and by the _____ _______ to the tuberosity of the tibia

Patella patellar tendon

Popliteus origin

Posterior surface of the lateral condyle of the femur

The angle formed by the intersection of these two lines at the patella is known as the ______ ______

Q angle

Vastus intermedius origin

Upper two-thirds of the anterior surface of the femur

Vastus medialis origin

Whole length of the linea aspera and the medial condyloid ridge

The ______ _____ _______ tear is one of the most common serious injuries to the knee and has been shown to be significantly more common in females than males during similar sports such as basketball and soccer.

anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

The central line of pull for the entire quadriceps runs from the ______ _____ _______ ______ to the center of the patella

anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

The patellofemoral joint is classified as an _______ joint due to the gliding nature of the patella on the femoral condyles

arthrodial

The head of the fibula is the primary location of the _____ ______ insertion

biceps femoris

What are the muscles of the hamstrings?

biceps femoris semimembranosus semitendinosus

The _____ nerve innervates the knee extensors

femoral

The knee joint proper, or tibiofemoral joint, is classified as a _______ joint because it functions like a hinge

ginglymus

All hamstrings originate where?

ischial tuberosity of the pelvic bone

The hamstrings are responsible for what movement?

knee flexion

The sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus all join together distally to form a tendinous expansion known as the _____ _______, which attaches to the anteromedial aspect of the proximal tibia below the level of the tibial tuberosity

pes anserinus

The hamstrings are the are antagonists to what muscles at the knees?

quadriceps

The upper anteromedial surface of the tibia just below the medial condyle serves as the insertion for the _______, _______, and ________

sartorius gracilis semitendinosus

The ______ inserts posteromedially on the medial tibial condyle

semimembranosus

muscles strains in the hamstrings are commonly caused by what?

sports dealing with explosive running because the hamstrings function is acceleration

the _____ _______ _________ originates on the medial aspect of the upper medial femoral condyle and inserts on the medial surface of the tibia

tibial collateral ligament

The knee flexors are innervated by the _____ _______ __ ____ ______ _______

tibial division of the sciatic nerve

tibiofemoral joint is sometimes referred to as a ______ joint because of the internal and external rotation movements that can occur during flexion

trochoginglymus

Anterior: Primarily knee extension

Rectus femoris* Vastus medialis Vastus intermedius Vastus lateralis

Rectus Femoris Insertion

Superior aspect of the patella and patellar tendon to the tibial tuberosity