Structural Kinesiology Chapter 8

Analysis of the shoulder pull

Check table 8.2 on page 214

What can happen when someone uses the valsalva maneuver?

Could cause lightheadedness and fainting

Analysis of the barbell press

Phase 1: lifting phase to the full overhead position Phase 2: lowering phase to starting position

Description of the Latissimus pull (lat pull)

Sitting position, reach up and grasps the horizontal bar. Pull down bar to a position below the chin and return slowly to the starting position. wide grip - abduction narrow grip - glenohumeral extension

What does SAID stand for?

Specific Adaptations to Imposed Demands

Description of the shoulder pull

Standing or sitting position, the subject interlocks the fingers in front of the chest and them attempts to pull them apart (maintained for 5-20 seconds)

SAID principle

States that the body will gradually, over time, adapt very specifically to the various stresses and overloads to which it is subjected. It's applicable in every form of muscle training and other systems of the body

Description of the arm curl

Subject is at a standing position, the dumbbell is held in the hand with the palm to the front. Dumbbell is lifted until the elbow is completely flexed then returned to the starting position

Description of the push-up

Subject lies on the floor in prone position with legs together, palms touching the floor and hand pointed forward and approximately under the shoulders. Keep back legs straight and subject pushing up to the up position and then returns to the starting position. Total body exercise emhasizing end of push-up by exaggerating shoulder girdle protraction is excellent strengthening exercise for the serratus anterior

Specificity

The components of physical fitness (muscular strength, muscular endurance, and flexibility) are not general body characteristics but rather are specific to each body area and muscle group. The specific needs of an individual must be addressed when designing an exercise program.

Description of the triceps extension

Use the opposite hand to assist in maintaining the arm in a shoulder-flexed position. Grasp the dumbbell and begin in full elbow flexion, subject extends elbow until the arm and forearm are straight. Shoulder joint and shoulder girdle are stabilized by the opposite hand. Shoulder joint and shoulder girdle muscles contract isometrically to stabilize area

Recovery Phase

Used after the follow-through phase to regain balance and position to be ready for the next sport demand. concentrically

Preparatory phase (cocking or wind up phase)

Used to lengthen the appropriate muscle so that they will be in position to generate more force and momentum a they concentrically contract in the next phase. Most critical phase when achieving the desired result of the activity.

Periodization

When overload should actually be prescriptively reduced or increased to improve the total results of the entire program. It's done to bring about optimal gains in physical performance. Helps the athlete reach their peak level during the most competitive part of the season.

Overload principle

Within appropriate parameters, a muscle or muscle group increases in strength in direct proportion to the overload placed on it. To improve strength and function of the major muscles, this principle should be applied to every large muscle group in the body (all year at all age levels). Untrained person sees significant gains in weight they are able to lift in the first few weeks of program. Well-trained person will see less improvements in the amount of weight they can lift over a much longer time period.

Movement Phase (acceleration, action, motion, or contact phase)

action part of the skill. Phase where the summation of the force is generated directly tot he ball, sport object, or opponent and is usually characterized by near-maximal concentric activity in the involved muscles

aggragate muscle groups can function to control opposite reactions by

contracting eccentrically

the names of individual phases of sport skills may vary

depending on bdy part involved

high rate of acceleration during movement phase

greater length and importance of the follow-through phase

Open kinetic chain

if the distal end of the extremity is not fixed to a relatively stable surface. Proximal end is fixed. Allows only one joint in the extremity to move or function separately without necessitating movement of other joints in the extremity (doesn't have to require only one joint, but the motion at one joint doesn't require motion at other joints in the chain) -- involves extremity being moved to or fro the stabilized body. Rotary stress

most physical activity does not require

multiple joint activities involving single muscle groups

Description of the chin-up (pull-up)

not an open chain exercise Subject grasps a horizontal bar or ladder with the pals away from the face. Hang on the bar then pull up until the chin is over the bar and then return to starting position. Narrow grip - more flexion Wide grip - adduction not good for triceps brachii development

Frequency

number of times per week

kinetic chain concept

our extremities consist of several bony segments linked by a series of joints open-chain exercises generally isolate only one segment Closed chain exercises work all body segments in chain

one bench press, one overhead press, one bicep curl

over development of anterior anterior upper extremity muscles

Duration

the number of minutes per exercise bout

weakest areas

upper extremity

may n ot be determined from viewing an activity from an analysis perspective

which angle of movement will produce the greatest force

Description of Chest Press

Aka bench press Subject lies on the exercise bench in the supine position, grasps the barbell, and presses the weight upward through the full range of arm and shoulder movement. Then the weight is lowered to the starting position. lifting phase = elbow extension

Description of the dumbbell bent-over row

Aka prone row Subject is kneeling on a bench or lying prone on a table so that the involved arm is free from contact with the flow. When kneeling, the subject uses the contralateral arm to support the body. Dumbbell is held in the hand with the arm and shoulder hanging straight to the floor. Subject adducts the shoulder girdle and abducts the shoulder joint . Dumbbell is then lowered slowly to the starting position. pull-up phase = wrist and hand flexion

Stance phase

Allows the athlete to assume a comfortable and appropriately balanced body position from which to initiate the sport skill. It's relatively static with short ROM. isometric contractions

Valsalva Maneuver

Bearing down by holding their breath without thinking when attempting to lift something heavy. Exhaling against closed epiglottis. usually thought to help lifting ability. increase followed by decrease in blood pressure can cause lightheadedness and fainting leads to complications in heart disease patients

Intensity

Certain percentage of the absolute maximum

Analysis of the chin-up (pull-up)

Closed kinetic chain. Phase 1: pulling-up phase to chinning position Phase 2: lowering phase to starting position

Analysis of the push-up

Closed kinetic chain. Phase 1: pushing phase to up position Phase 2: lowering phase to starting position

Joint-isolation exercises

Core of the body and proximal segment are stabilized while the distal segment is free to move in space through a single plane. They're beneficial in isolating a particular joint to concentrate on specific muscle groups, but not functional in most physical activity)

How should you breath when lifting?

Exhale during lifting or contracting phase and inhale during the lowering or recovery phase.

What three variables could be changed to modify overload?

Frequency, intensity, and duration

When analyzing activities, what is important to understand?

How the muscles are usually grouped according to their concentric function and work in paired opposition to an antagonistic group (aggregate muscle grouping)

Closed kinetic chain

If the distal end of the extremity is fixed, the distal segment is mobile. Stabilization is realistic and functional. Movement of one joint cannot occur without causing predictable movements of other joints in the extremity. Very functional and involve the body moving in relation to the relatively fixed distal segment (strongly correlates in most physical activities) -- involves the body being moved to or from the stabilized extremity. Joint stability is increased due to compressive forces Linear stress on the joint

Follow Through Phase (deceleration phase)

Immediately after the climax of the movement phase, in order to bring about negative acceleration of the involved dumb of body segment. Velocity of the body segment progressively decreases over a wide ROM.

Muscular development

Importnat to develop muscular strength, endurance, and flexibility in order to be able to participate safely and effectively in sports activities.

Analysis of the dumbbell bent-over row

Open kinetic chain exercise Phase 1: pull-up phase to horizontal abducted position Phase 2: lowering phase to starting position

Analysis of the arm curl

Open kinetic chain exercise. Phase 1: lifting phase to flexed position Phase 2: Lowering phase to extended position

Analysis of the Chest press

Open kinetic chain. Phase 1: lifting phase to up position Phase 2: lowering phase to starting position

Analysis of the Latissimus pull (lat pull)

Open kinetic chain. Phase 1: pull-down phase to below the chin position Phase 2: return phase to starting position Wide grip requires more abduction A narrow grip allows for more glenohumeral extension

Analysis of the triceps extension

Open kinetic chain. phase 1: lifting phase to extended position Phase 2:lowering phase to flexed position

Description of the barbell press

Open kinetic chain. Barbell is held in a position high in front of the chest, with palms facing forward, feet comfortable spread, and back and legs straight. Barbell is then pushed upward until fully overhead and then returned to the starting position.