structure of typical long bone

endosteum

delicate connective tissue membrane that covers all of the internal surfaces of bone; contains bone forming cells such as osteoblasts/osteoclasts

Periosteum

double layered protective membrane;covers outside bone connected to bone by sharpy's fibers; provides anchoring point for tendons & ligaments; helps form and repair bone tissue outer fibrous layer is dense regular CT

Epiphyses

expanded ends of long bones exterior is compact, interior is spongy joint surface is covered with articular (hyaline) cartilage

Metaphysis

regions in mature bone where the diaphysis joins the epiphysis; area below the epiphyseal line

epiphyseal line

separates the diaphysis from the epiphyses; remnant of the epiphyseal plate (growth plate); disc of hyaline cartilage that grows during childhood to lengthen bone

articular cartilage

thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering epiphysis where bone forms articulation (joint) with another bone; reduces friction and absorbs shock at moveable joints; no perichondrium, so repair is limited

Diaphysis

tubular shaft that forms axis of long bones(bulk of long bone) composed of "thick" compact bone that surrounds medullary cavity

medullary cavity

aka yellow bone marrow cavity; central cavity of bone that contains fat (yellow marrow)