Structures of the Heart

The papillary muscles attach to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves by means of the

chordae tendineae.

The chordae tendineae a. connect the atria to the ventricles. b. are found in the interventricular septum. c. are part of the conducting system of the heart. d. connect the flaps of the AV valves to the papillary muscles. e. are a part of the myocardium.

connect the flaps of the AV valves to the papillary muscles

What are the first blood vessels to branch from the aorta as it leaves the heart?

coronary arteries

All cardiac veins empty into the _________, which then empties into the _______.

coronary sinus; right atrium

The inner lining of the heart is the

endocardium

The visceral pericardium also forms the ________ of the heart wall.

epicardium

The loose-fitting sac around the heart is the

fibrous pericardium

The layer of the heart wall composed of cardiac muscle tissue is the

myocardium

Which of the following layers forms the bulk of the heart wall?

myocardium

The innermost lining of the heart wall is

the endocardium

E.Z. Goen is admitted to the cardiac unit with a diagnosis of endocarditis. When E.Z. asks the nurse where the infection is located, the nurse replies that the infection is in

the inner lining of the heart

Pericardial fluid is found between

the parietal and visceral membranes.

What is the function of the heart valves?

to revent backflow of blood

The internal wall surface of each ventricle displays large, smooth, irregular muscular ridges called

trabeculae carneae.

Typically, there are __________ papillary muscles that project from the wall of the left ventricle and attach to the chordae tendineae that support the left AV valve.

two

The epicardium is another name for the

visceral layer of serous pericardium

The myocardium is

Both the major portion of the heart and largely cardiac muscle tissue.

Blood in the heart chambers provides most of the myocardium's oxygen and nutrient needs.

False

Why does the left ventricle have a thicker myocardial wall?

It has to pump blood to the body.

What is the superficial fibrous covering of the heart that is composed partly of dense irregular connective tissue?

Parietal pericardium

_____________ is the most superficial layer enclosing the heart.

Parietal pericardium

Which correctly describes the heart's apex? a. Projects slightly anteroinferiorly toward the left side of the body b. Projects slightly anteroinferiorly toward the right side of the body c. Projects slightly posteroinferiorly toward the left side of the body d. Projects slightly posteroinferiorly toward the right side of the body e. Projects slightly posteroinferiorly toward the midline of the body

Projects slightly anteroinferiorly toward the left side of the body

The fibrous skeleton of the heart serves as electrical insulation between the atria and the ventricles.

True

The skeleton of the heart a. helps to support the coronary arteries. b. anchors cardiac muscle fibers. c. contains osseous tissue. d. prevents the backflow of blood in the heart. e. stimulates the myocardium.

anchors cardiac muscle fibers.

Pectinate muscles are found on the

anterior wall of the right and left atria

The specialized area of the myocardium that acts to anchor the chordae tendineae is the

papillary muscle

What is the name of the extensions of the ventricular myocardium that prevent the valves from opening into the atria?

papillary muscles

The function of the pericardial fluid is to

reduce friction between the pericardial membranes.

Where is the thickest part of the myocardium?

the walls of the left ventricle

Which of the following pairs is mismatched? a. endocardium - covers the inner surface of the heart b. myocardium - cardiac muscle c. trabeculae carneae - interior walls of ventricles d. pectinate muscles - muscles that close valves e. chordae tendineae - connective tissue strings that connect to cusps of valves

pectinate muscles - muscles that close valves