Study Guide (pt. 2) Chapter 8 & 9 - AP Bio

Oxidation and reduction reactions are chemical processes that result in a gain or loss in _________.

electrons

Protein catalysts that speed up various metabolic biological reactions in an organism are called __________.

enzymes

Reactions that occur spontaneously and release free energy are called _________ reactions.

exergonic

In simple terms sucrase breaks sucrose into _________ and _________.

fructose, glucose

Blood sugar refers to what molecule circulating in blood?

glucose

A calorie is the commonly used unit of chemical energy. It is also a unit of ______.

heat

As energy is being reconverted through the many forms, it is continuously lost as _______.

heat

A chemical reaction in which the products contain less energy than the ___________ will tend to proceed spontaneously.

substrate

In feedback inhibition, the inhibitor of the biochemical pathway is typically found where?

the end

What does the inhibitor bind to during feedback inhibition?

the initial enzyme

Life's ultimate source of energy is derived from where?

the sun

The chemistry of living systems representing all chemical reactions called ___________.

metabolism

ATP gives up energy when it is converted to ______ & __________ ___________.

ADP, inorganic phosphate

The chief energy currency of all cells is a molecule called ______.

ATP

Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions by lowering the ____________ energy.

activation

How does sucrose change the configuration of sucrase?

by binding to the active site

The organic non-protein components that aid in enzyme functioning are called __________.

co-enzymes

Consider the biochemical pathway used to synthesize the amino acid proline. A high increase of proline will most likely lead to a __________ in proline production.

decrease

Where is sucrose found in the human body?

digestive system

When an atom or molecule gains one or more electrons, it is said to be _________.

reduced