Study Guide (pt. 2) Chapter 8 & 9 - AP Bio
Oxidation and reduction reactions are chemical processes that result in a gain or loss in _________.
electrons
Protein catalysts that speed up various metabolic biological reactions in an organism are called __________.
enzymes
Reactions that occur spontaneously and release free energy are called _________ reactions.
exergonic
In simple terms sucrase breaks sucrose into _________ and _________.
fructose, glucose
Blood sugar refers to what molecule circulating in blood?
glucose
A calorie is the commonly used unit of chemical energy. It is also a unit of ______.
heat
As energy is being reconverted through the many forms, it is continuously lost as _______.
heat
A chemical reaction in which the products contain less energy than the ___________ will tend to proceed spontaneously.
substrate
In feedback inhibition, the inhibitor of the biochemical pathway is typically found where?
the end
What does the inhibitor bind to during feedback inhibition?
the initial enzyme
Life's ultimate source of energy is derived from where?
the sun
The chemistry of living systems representing all chemical reactions called ___________.
metabolism
ATP gives up energy when it is converted to ______ & __________ ___________.
ADP, inorganic phosphate
The chief energy currency of all cells is a molecule called ______.
ATP
Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions by lowering the ____________ energy.
activation
How does sucrose change the configuration of sucrase?
by binding to the active site
The organic non-protein components that aid in enzyme functioning are called __________.
co-enzymes
Consider the biochemical pathway used to synthesize the amino acid proline. A high increase of proline will most likely lead to a __________ in proline production.
decrease
Where is sucrose found in the human body?
digestive system
When an atom or molecule gains one or more electrons, it is said to be _________.
reduced