Substance Abuse
"Just say no" is an example of: A. "Simple" magical solution B. The only correct solution C. A matra for sobriety D. A slogan created by Laura Bush
A. "Simple" magical solution
According to the National Association of Children of Alcoholics (NACOA) Charter Statement (1983) the following is true A. Alcohol is a significant factor in up to 90 percent of child abuse cases B. All of the above C. Less than 25% of all alcoholics have an alcoholic parent D. Children of alcoholics are at a lower risk of developing alcoholism themselves or marrying someone who is alcoholic
A. Alcohol is a significant factor in up to 90 percent of child abuse cases
Which of the following curative factors as described by Irvin D. Yalom makes group psychotherapy an effective process? A. All of these B. Instilling hope C. Sharing catharsis D. Imparting information
A. All of these
Which of the following is a behavioral characteristic of adult children of alcoholics (ACA)? A. All of these B. Addiction to excitement C. Difficulty relaxing D. All-or-none, black-or-white thinking
A. All of these
The earliest known historical reference to marijuana use was: A. by Sir Walter Raleigh in 1611, who was ordered to grow hemp by the British. B. by the Scythians in the 2nd Century B.C., who used it in funeral rites. C. by Emperor Shen Nung in China in 2737 B.C. D. in 1765 by George Washington at Mt. Vernon.
C. by Emperor Shen Nung in China in 2737 B.C.
The healthy style of functional communication as described by Virginia Satir is ______ A. sarcasm B. harmonious C. leveling D. placating
C. leveling
According to chapter seven, it is estimated there are: A. 13 million Americans who have at least one alcoholic parent. B. 1 million Americans who have at least one alcoholic parent. C. 38 million Americans who have at least one alcoholic parent. D. 28 million Americans who have at least one alcoholic parent.
D. 28 million Americans who have at least one alcoholic parent.
An example of a central nervous system depressant is _____ A. Cocaine B. Amphetamine C. Caffeine D. Alcohol
D. Alcohol
Potential consequences of college student drinking include: A. Property damage B. Improved social interactions C. Hate-related violence D. All but option "improved social interactions"
D. All but option "improved social interactions"
According to this chapter, which of the following is an obstacle to reaching parents and family when attempting to get adolescents into counseling for drug problems? A. Skepticism B. Distrust of the system C. Fear of being labeled D. All of these
D. All of these
Which of the following styles has been described by Harriet Lerner for managing anxiety in a family? A. Pursuers B. Blamers C. Distancers D. All of these
D. All of these
Adult children of alcoholics (ACAs) often experience impairment in interpersonal and social skills due to an extreme sensitivity to rejection. Which of the following is a diagnostic category recently associated with ACA? A. Autism B. Parkinson's disease C. Hepatitis C D. Atypical depression
D. Atypical depression
Boss and Greenberg (1984) use the term _____ for confusion in family members' perceptions of who is in and out of the family and who is performing various family roles and tasks. A. clustering B. Triangulation C. Individuation D. Boundary Ambiguity
D. Boundary Ambiguity
Which component of the behavioral definition of addiction is primarily indicated when drug users think about alcohol and drugs in a vicious negative cycle? A. Consequence B. Control C. Curiosity D. Compulsion
D. Compulsion
The 12-step approach is based on the A. Addictive Personality B. Genetic Model C. Self-Medication Motive D. Disease model
D. Disease model
Which family system described in this chapter characterizes the family value as maintaining an illusion of normalcy, despite significant physical, emotional, and interpersonal problems of the family? A. Overextended family system B. Family System of a Down C. Ambiguous family system D. Distorted family system
D. Distorted family system
Identify a true statement about the war on drugs. A. It was first initiated by Ronald Reagan B. Nixon was extremely successful in fighting the war on drugs C. Most administrations aimed to fight alcoholism as a part of the war on drugs D. Drug-specific approaches led to increased drug use by young people
D. Drug-specific approaches led to increased drug use by young people
Poor Future Orientation is most closely related to A. Social Learning Theory B. Conditioning C. Addictive personality D. Existential issues
D. Existential issues
Which of the following is a characteristic of a shameful experience? A. Having complete faith in the ability to perceive things properly B. Experiencing self-actualization C. Making decisions without any self-doubt D. Feeling helpless, powerless, with no way out
D. Feeling helpless, powerless, with no way out
One aspect of Sense of Self is that A. It is more static B. It is passive C. It comes from external sources D. It comes from within
D. It comes from within
As described by Sharon Wegscheider-Cruse, which of the following does the survival roles in an alcoholic family include? A. Family clown, model child, and black sheep B. Intellectualizer, clown, and chief bottle washer C. Blamer, family advisor, chief dependent, and family clown D. Lost child, family scapegoat, chief enabler, family hero, and family mascot
D. Lost child, family scapegoat, chief enabler, family hero, and family mascot
Pessimism, as described by Martin Seligman, in his book "Learned Optimism," is when the individual sees negative events as: A. Changeable, flexible, and specific B. Pernicious, perplexing, and personalized C. Temporary, personal, purposeful D. Permanent, personalized, and pervasive
D. Permanent, personalized, and pervasive
This model looks at drug use as having both conscious and unconscious meaning: A. Family Model B. Modern Freud Theory C. Social Learning Theory D. Psychoanalytic Models
D. Psychoanalytic Models
The perspective that focuses on prevention, early intervention, and treatment of drug problems is best described as the: A. Medical-psychological perspective B. Bio-social perspective C. Medical-health perspective D. Psychosocial perspective
D. Psychosocial perspective
Which of the following is not a stage in the family's adjustment to dealing with substance abuse problems? A. Separation in roles, escape B. Reorganization without the addict/alcoholic C. Denial and minimizing D. Redistribution of family taks
D. Redistribution of family tasks
Denial of feelings is common in alcoholic families. Which of the following factors as reported by Howard Clinebell (1985) produces damage in the lives of children of alcoholics? A. Helicopter parents B. Poor nutrition C. Over attention to what others think D. Role reversal
D. Role reversal
Which of the following is a characteristic of supportive parents? A. They are highly rigid and authoritarian. B. They ensure that their children learn that shame is a purely exterior process. C. Their children are highly likely to be involved with drugs. D. Their behavior toward their children is intended to make the children feel accepted.
D. Their behavior toward their children is intended to make the children feel accepted.
When an individual requires increasingly larger doses of a drug to achieve the desired optimal effect, it is known as _____. A. Dependence B. Withdrawal C. Synergism D. Tolerance
D. Tolerance
According to the text, which of the following is an extremely important question to ask if a client feels suicidal? A. Have you been writing in your journal? B. Do you recognize the impact this will have on those close to you? C. Are you willing to die rather than face your problems? D. What would prevent you from committing suicide?
D. What would prevent you from committing suicide?
In the context of family system variables as described by Barnes, _____ is defined as the emotional bonding of family members toward each other. A. triangulation B. flexibility C. competence D. cohesion
D. cohesion
In comparing vulnerability of relapse, Field cites the work of Danaher & Lichtenstein (1978), who describe the natural cycle of smoking (cigarettes), which includes all of the following reasons EXCEPT: A. social pressure B. stress C. self-mastery D. desire to get lung cancer
D. desire to get lung cancer
In the context of family system variables as described by Barnes, _____ is the family members' ability to alter family roles and rituals in response to situational stress. A. clarity B. competence C. triangulation D. flexibility
D. flexibility
The ultimate goal of teaching compassion is to: A. learn that race and ethnicity are the same. B. reiterate that within-group differences matter more than between-group differences. C. emphasize the importance of viewing shame as a purely external threat. D. help establish safety and trust in relationships.
D. help establish safety and trust in relationships.
Abandonment depression, as defined by Masterson, is an affective (feeling) disorder with six key elements, one of which is: A. feeling hopeful and pragmatic B. bonding with parents C. grandiosity D. panic
D. panic
Children are more likely to develop chemical dependency later in life if: A. parents influence their children in developing a strong sense of self. B. parents provide structure and discipline. C. parents promote alternative activities to alcohol/drugs. D. parents refrain from discussing their children's feelings and always make decisions for their children.
D. parents refrain from discussing their children's feelings and always make decisions for their children.
All of the following are facts about suicide EXCEPT: A. the suicide rate is higher for the elderly than any other age group. B. talking about suicide does not cause someone to be suicidal. C. suicide is the least cause of death among young people. D. suicide is not preventable and that most suicide victims want to die.
D. suicide is not preventable and that most suicide victims want to die.
The single most significant change in recent drug history is the legalization of _____ for its medical usage A. None of these B. PCP C. Marijuana D. Cocaine
C. Marijuana
Which of the following psychologists likened substance use to a suicidal endeavor? A. Carl Jung B. Sigmund Freud C. Menninger D. Bill Wilson
C. Menninger
Sigmund Freud recommended cocaine for the treatment of ___ A. Schizophrenia B. Major depressive disorder C. Nervous anxiety D. Cancer
C. Nervous anxiety
Methamphetamine users have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT: A. Chronic overeating. B. compulsive cleaning C. sudden and violent behavior. D. Paranoia
A. Chronic overeating.
Which of the following states has enacted recreational use marijuana laws? A. Colorado B. Arkansas C. Georgia D. Mississippi
A. Colorado
At the _____ stage of the recovery process of an alcoholic/addict in a family, family members rarely acknowledge that something is wrong. A. Denial B. Anger C. Acceptance D. Bargaining
A. Denial
According to Fossum and Mason, which of the following features is the major focus in a balanced family system? A. Hope B. Inescapable shame C. Powerlessness D. External orientation
A. Hope
Which of the following is true of freebase cocaine? A. It is cocaine without its hydrochloride component. B. None of these C. It is primarily composed of cocaine hydrochloride. D. It is a non-smokable form of cocaine.
A. It is cocaine without its hydrochloride component.
Identify a true statement about MDMA (Ecstasy). A. It is most frequently taken orally. B. It is often prescribed for cancer patients with chronic, long-lasting pain. C. It produces severe delusions. D. It decreases self-esteem.
A. It is most frequently taken orally.
The four primary perspectives of substance abuse are: A. Moral-legal, medical-health, psycho-social, and socio-cultural B. Individual, group, family, and school C. Public, private, personal, and professional D. Legal, illegal, psychoactive, and non-psychoactive
A. Moral-legal, medical-health, psycho-social, and socio-cultural
Which of the following is one of the major forms of boundary inadequacy according to Coleman and Colgan? A. Overly rigid B. Flexible C. Decisive D. Empathy
A. Overly rigid
According to the text, which United States president began the war on drugs? A. Richard Nixon B. Gerald ford C. Bill Clinton D. Ronald Reagan
A. Richard Nixon
In the context of the major components involved in alcohol and drug use, _____ refers to the psychological and emotional frame of mind of a person when using alcohol/drugs. A. Set B. Environment C. Interaction D. Contact
A. Set
Which of the following is often cited as a reason for resuming cigarette smoking? A. Social pressure B. Family pressure C. Expense D. Religious reasons
A. Social pressure
Which of the following did Goodwin's adoption studies indicate? A. Sons of alcoholic biological parents were more likely to be classified as alcoholics at an earlier age than their peers B. Daughters of alcoholic foster parents had higher rates of alcoholism C. Sons of nonalcoholic foster parents had lower rates of alcoholism D. Daughters of nonalcoholic foster parents had higher rates of alcoholism
A. Sons of alcoholic biological parents were more likely to be classified as alcoholics at an earlier age than their peers
What are the two major categories that are divided in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V)? A. Substance abuse and substance dependence B. Excessive use and periodic use C. Drug problem and alcohol problem D. Drug addiction and alcoholism
A. Substance abuse and substance dependence
This highly researched theory involves homeostasis, used as a form of stress relief. A. Tension-reduction Theory B. Existential Issues C. Social Learning Theory D. Conditioning
A. Tension-reduction Theory
According to chapter six, which of the following happens when shame is attached to a feeling? A. The feeling is escalated. B. The person experiencing the shame becomes numb. C. The feeling is immediately extinguished. D. The feeling is never extinguished.
A. The feeling is escalated.
According to this chapter, which time of the school year is the most dangerous with respect to drinking behavior among college students? A. The first six weeks of school B. Spring break C. Graduation party week D. Winter break
A. The first six weeks of school
Children growing up in alcoholic families typically do not have the opportunity to do grief work. Which of the following analogies does Fields use in describing this process? A. The improper healing of a cut B. The writing of a letter to express feeling and thoughts to one's parents C. The egg with the insides removed D. The tangled up string of wires of a mobile network
A. The improper healing of a cut
Which of the following is primarily the viewpoint of law enforcement and the criminal justice system? A. The moral-legal perspective B. The psychosocial perspective C. The socio-cultural perspective D. The medical-health perspective
A. The moral-legal perspective
Identify a true statement about psychoactive drugs. A. They affect mood and behavior. B. They hardly affect brain functions. C. They exclude painkillers and designer drugs. D. They are primarily in the form of vitamins and antibiotics.
A. They affect mood and behavior.
According to this chapter, the most widely used psychoactive drug is: A. alcohol B. lsd C. marijuana D. cocaine
A. alcohol
Taking narcotics to numb or shut out pain is an example of A. Social Learning Theory B. Family Model C. Self-Medication Motive D. Drug use as symbolic seduction
C. Self-Medication Motive
Strack (1985) identified five major factors in adolescent abuse of drugs - using PEACE mnemonic - which include all of the following EXCEPT A. escape B. curiosity C. agoraphobia D. emptiness
C. agoraphobia
Assessment questions that are helpful in identifying adolescent alcohol/drug problems include all of the following EXCEPT: A. asking adolescents why they are using alcohol/drugs. B. finding out if there is a noticeable decrease in motivation. C. analyzing if there are signs of problems at school, lowered, grades, skipping classes, and fights with friends. D. looking for physical signs of alcohol or drug use.
A. asking adolescents why they are using alcohol/drugs.
Parents do not need to catch their children "red handed" in order to determine a possible problem with alcohol/drugs. All of the following are physical signs of a problem EXCEPT: A. having problems with teachers at school. B. increase in activity. C. Fatigue. D. moodiness.
A. having problems with teachers at school.
Which of the following is true of rigid family systems? A. They have relaxed interpretation of rules with many exceptions. B. The communication system is circular and non-hierarchical. C. Their values are predominantly black or white, right or wrong. D. The drugs of choice in these family systems are primarily hallucinogens and marijuana.
C. Their values are predominantly black or white, right or wrong.
Tim Cermak (1984) compared growing up in an alcoholic family as analogous to _____. A. post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) B. a mood disorder C. Asperger's syndrome D. motion sickness
A. post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Merle Fossum and Marilyn Mason defined shame as: A. the self looking in on itself and finding the self lacking or flawed. B. a feeling of guilt for doing something unethical. C. a poor decision that leads to embarrassment. D. a chronic depression that leads to drug abuse.
A. the self looking in on itself and finding the self lacking or flawed.
Haley defined _____ as at least two adults involved in an offspring's problem, where the parent-child dyad is pitted against a more peripheral parent, stepparent, or grandparent. A. triangulation B. enmeshment C. disengagement D. flexibility
A. triangulation
A dysfunctional family system as described by Virginia Satir uses the metaphor of: A. A Hybrid Sedan B. A mobile. C. An emotional roller coaster. D. A merry-go round.
B. A mobile.
Which of the following is the last stage in alcohol/drug use? A. Integrated use B. Addiction C. Excessive use D. Intermittent contact
B. Addiction
According to this chapter, which of the following exemplifies the historical association of drugs with minority groups? A. Alcohol with urban Catholic immigrants B. All of these C. Cocaine with African Americans D. Opium with the Chinese
B. All of these
Which of the following best defines an enabling behavior? A. It is to have an unhealthy doing for B. All of these are correct C. It is to "kill with kindness" D. It is to take responsibility for someone's lack of responsibility.
B. All of these are correct
"We have rules, but we don't enforce them" is an example of a(n): A. Distorted family system. B. Ambiguous family system. C. Distraught family system. D. Rigid family system.
B. Ambiguous family system.
Which of the following affect-shame binds results in rage? A. Too much kindness B. Anger + shame C. Joy + Fear D. Joy + Shame
B. Anger + shame
Which of the following styles of enabling behavior includes trying to buy things in an attempt to divert the addict from drug use? A. Pursuing and distancing B. Attempting to control C. Rationalizing and avoiding D. Avoiding and shielding
B. Attempting to control
Which of the following has been most often cited as a major factor in alcohol/drug abuse by adolescents as well as adults? A. None of these B. Boredom C. Low self-esteem D. Psychiatric illness
B. Boredom
This theory/model involves strong reinforcing factor from use which becomes memorable. This can be particularly true in early use experiences. A. Genetic model B. Conditioning C. Addictive personality D. Pleasure principle
B. Conditioning
According to Minuchin, which of the following types of boundaries are characteristic of imbalanced families? A. Triangulation and distancing boundaries B. Enmeshed and disengaged boundaries C. Ambiguous and rigid boundaries D. Shame and guile boundaries
B. Enmeshed and disengaged boundaries
This is the most emphasized model throughout the book. It looks at factors that increase probability of developing alcoholism and drug addiction. A. Addictive Personality B. Family Model C. Psychodynamic Models D. Tension-Reduction Theory
B. Family Model
According to the natural cycle of cigarette smoking, which of the following is often cited as a reason for continuing smoking? A. Anticipation of adulthood B. Immediate positive consequences C. Rebelliousness D. Self-Mastery
B. Immediate positive consequences
Which of the following is Devor's description of alcoholism? A. It is a dual-disordered disease with psycho social influences B. It is a group of illnesses C. It is a multi-faceted and multi-dimensional illness than can be treated with medication D. It is a single disease that progresses with time
B. It is a group of illnesses
Who first coined the term "dysfunctional" family? A. Virginia Satir B. Nathan Ackerman C. Carl Whitaker D. None of these
B. Nathan Ackerman
Symptoms of barbiturate withdrawal include: A. Increased alertness. B. Physical weakness. C. Need for excessive sleep. D. Chronic muscle pain.
B. Physical weakness.
_____ refers to an individual's state of mind at the time of drug use. A. Compulsion B. Set C. Control D. Setting
B. Set
The ... is held by most social agencies and institutions in the United States. A. Psychosocial perspective B. Social-cultural perspective C. Medical-health perspective D. Moral-legal perspective
B. Social-cultural perspective
The perspective that attempts to adapt the environment to meet the individual's needs is the: A. Psychosocial perspective B. Social-cultural perspective C. Medical-health perspective D. Moral-legal perspective
B. Social-cultural perspective
The combined effect of two or more drugs that is greater than the effect of each agent added together is A. Tolerance B. Synergism C. Antagonism D. Potency
B. Synergism
Which of the following was suggested by Richard Fields? A. To use the term functional and abusive B. To replace the term dysfunctional with the term imbalanced C. To describe all families as acting dysfunctional D. To use the term dysfunctional only with extremely abusive families
B. To replace the term dysfunctional with the term imbalanced
In the context of a child growing up in an alcoholic home and its association with post-traumatic stress disorder, survivor guilt can be evidenced by: A. sudden experience of a wall between the self and feelings. B. chronic depression. C. illusion of normalcy. D. lack of feelings during times of stress.
B. chronic depression.
The expression _____ refers to an alcoholic/addict who is abstaining from alcohol/drug use but either is unaware of other behavioral, personality, and relationship problems or is choosing not to address these maladaptive behaviors. A. ambiguous alcoholic B. dry drunk C. hitting bottom D. hitting ceiling
B. dry drunk
Natural opioids include: A. morphine, codeine, and cocaine. B. morphine, codeine, and opium. C. morphine, marijuana, and lsd. D. morphine, lsd and opium.
B. morphine, codeine, and opium.
The two major defense mechanisms used to deny problems with alcohol and drugs are: A. anger and moodiness. B. rationalization and minimization. C. availability and minimization. D. self-blame and withdrawal.
B. rationalization and minimization.
The adult children of alcoholics (ACA) movement took root in the _____ A. 2000s B. 1960s C. 1980s D. 1970s
C. 1980s
Psychological Vulnerability is a more accurate term which is most similar to what was previously called A. Family Model B. Personality Disorders C. Addictive personality D. Genetic Model
C. Addictive personality
Which of the following styles of enabling behavior has been described by Charles Nelson (1988)? A. Attempting to control B. Taking over responsibilities C. All of these D. Avoiding and shielding
C. All of these
Which of the following drugs became a rage in the 80s and was initially thought to produce only psychological dependence? A. Heroin B. Marijuana C. Cocaine D. LSD
C. Cocaine
According to this chapter, which of the following is true of marijuana use among school students? A. Daily marijuana use by 10th graders has gone down rapidly over the last five years B. There is a huge difference in marijuana use among high school seniors between medical and nonmedical marijuana states C. Daily marijuana use by 8th graders had declined over the last five years D. Marijuana consumption has increased rapidly as students see it as less harmful
C. Daily marijuana use by 8th graders had declined over the last five years
The text discussed the role of Adoption and Twin Studies in research for A. Conditioning B. Social Learning Theory C. Genetic Model of Alcoholism D. Family Therapy
C. Genetic Model of Alcoholism
According to this chapter, which of the following is true of the supply-side approach? A. It has resulted in a decrease in overall drug use B. It works only if military resources are provided C. It is not effective without a demand-side emphasis D. It has increased drug prices and reduced purity
C. It is not effective without a demand-side emphasis
Which of the following is true of alcohol? A. It is not a drug B. It is a central nervous system stimulant C. It is often overlooked for not being included in the war on drugs D. It is the least commonly used drug
C. It is often overlooked for not being included in the war on drugs
Which of the following is a feature associated with the late stage of alcohol/drug use? A. Fewer risks B. Lack of illness C. Lack of freedom D. Absence of abuse
C. Lack of freedom