GY 110 Final

The region with the largest percentage of countries having 30% or more of their GDP originating from agricultural output in 2004 is A) South America. B) Latin America. C) Africa. D) Southeast Asia.

C) Africa.

Three countries account for 50% of the world's roundwood production for industrial purposes. Which of the following countries is not one of them? A) Russia B) United States C) China D) Canada

C) China

Syncretism was a factor in the development of the traditional log housing associated with pioneer America. Which of these groups was least involved in this process in the Delaware Valley? A) Germans B) Swedes C) English D) Finns

C) English

Which of the following groups would be least likely to participate in the popular culture of late 20th century America? A) Mormons of Utah B) Native Americans of the West C) Midwest Amish D) Louisiana Cajuns

C) Midwest Amish

All house types of the eastern United States can be traced to which three source regions? A) Hudson Valley, Delaware Valley, St. Lawrence Valley B) Middle Atlantic, Southern Tidewater, Mississippi Delta C) New England, Middle Atlantic, Lower Chesapeake D) St. Lawrence Valley, New England, Southern Tidewater

C) New England, Middle Atlantic, Lower Chesapeake

The transition zone between the Northern song area and the Southern Backwoods and Appalachian song area was the _______________. A) Great Lakes B) Great Smoky Mountains C) Ohio Valley D) Missouri Valley

C) Ohio Valley

Which of the following statements regarding the role of women in agriculture is not accurate? A) The advances from the Green Revolution were unkind to women in that they reduced the female role in agricultural development programs. B) Women farmers are responsible for at least 50% of the world's food. C) Women farmers share equally in the rewards from agriculture with men farmers. D) Women farmers work longer hours for lower wages than men farmers.

C) Women farmers share equally in the rewards from agriculture with men farmers.

Imported songs are more important to which part of North America when it comes to folk tunes? A) Canada B) United States C) Mexico D) Greenland

A) Canada

Which of the following North American culture hearth - original ethnic settler source area associations is not correct? A) Hudson Valley - rural southern England B) St. Lawrence Valley - northwestern France C) Upper Canada - England and Scotland D) Delaware Valley - England, Scotland, Sweden, Germany

A) Hudson Valley - rural southern England

According to Zelinsky, much of popular culture is a reflection of a manufactured desire which, in terms of specific artifacts, diffuses in a nearly simultaneous fashion. A) True B) False

A) True

Contemporary popular culture is geared toward an automobile-oriented society. A) True B) False

A) True

Developed countries increasingly rely upon other developed countries for their sources of agricultural imports and industrial raw materials instead of relying upon developing countries. A) True B) False

A) True

Fencing can be used as an indicator of agricultural folk regions. A) True B) False

A) True

Folk life consists of cultural characteristics which are both tangible and intangible. A) True B) False

A) True

Housing which is built using a traditional form but without architectural drawings or other formal plans is known as "vernacular." A) True B) False

A) True

If the maximum sustainable yield of a renewable resource is exceeded, it can be considered to have become a nonrenewable resource. A) True B) False

A) True

Intermixing of immigrant groups resulting in a syncretism of folk cultures is characteristic of North America. A) True B) False

A) True

Overfishing illustrates the concept of the tragedy of the commons. A) True B) False

A) True

Popular culture consists of both material and nonmaterial elements. A) True B) False

A) True

The Black folk song tradition strongly reflects the syncretism of Anglo-American folk song, English country dancing, and West African musical patterns. A) True B) False

A) True

The decline of the U.S. steel industry has been a major factor in the closure of taconite beneficiation operations in the Lake Superior region. A) True B) False

A) True

The length of the growing season is the longest at the equator and in the tropics. A) True B) False

A) True

Although country music had become a national commonplace by the late 1970s, country music radio stations are still most heavily concentrated in which region? A) Upland South B) Midwest C) Lowland South D) Mid-Atlantic

A) Upland South

The Middle Eastern countries have what percentage of the world's proven petroleum reserves? A) 50 B) 66 C) 87 D) 91

B) 66

In what part of the world is 90% of that nation-state's vegetables produced through urban subsistence farming? A) India B) China C) Thailand D) South Korea E) Singapore

B) China

Approximately what percent of the world's population is engaged in intensive, subsistence agriculture? A) 25% B) 33% C) 45% D) 66% E) 75%

C) 45%

The Middle East and Iran control approximately what percentage of the world's proved reserves in petroleum? A) 33% B) 50% C) 66% D) 75%

C) 66%

Because of its physical isolation from much of early settled America, the folk cultural region that has retained folk artifacts and customs more than any other is the: A) Upland South. B) Lowland South. C) Midwest. D) North.

A) Upland South.

The largest and most continuous stand of softwoods can be found: A) across the northern latitudes from Scandinavia through Siberia to North America. B) around the equator. C) in the Amazon Basin of Brazil. D) in the Appalachian, Rocky and Coastal Mountain ranges.

A) across the northern latitudes from Scandinavia through Siberia to North America.

Countries sometimes institute farm subsidies to: A) assure domestic producers a market price that reflects production costs. B) distort both patterns of economic agricultural production and consumption. C) impose import barriers. D) provide taxes for the government.

A) assure domestic producers a market price that reflects production costs.

Whether a material is considered to be a resource is a function of: A) cultural circumstances. B) the economic situation of a particular country. C) physical circumstances. D) the location of the material.

A) cultural circumstances.

Which of the following is not an aspect of material culture? A) folk songs B) tools C) furniture D) musical instruments

A) folk songs

Which of the following vernacular house style culture hearth associations is correct? A) gable front New England B) four-over-four St. Lawrence Valley C) classic I Hudson Valley D) central hall Tidewater

A) gable front New England

Ethnic culture can be distinguished from both popular culture and folk culture by virtue of: A) its preservation as behavioral norms that set a recognizable national, social, or religious minority group apart from a majority culture. B) its being a way of life of the mass population, reducing regional folk and ethnic differences. C) its geographical isolation and tradition, which keeps it separate, distinctive, and unchanging. D) its being exclusively rural as opposed to urban

A) its preservation as behavioral norms that set a recognizable national, social, or religious minority group apart from a majority culture.

Which of the fossil fuels is the most highly efficient, versatile, and environmentally benign? A) natural gas B) petroleum C) coal D) peat

A) natural gas

Which of the following is the most extensive type of subsistence agriculture? A) nomadic herding B) shifting cultivation C) urban subsistence farming D) rice farming

A) nomadic herding

One of the outcomes of popular culture in the US has been the ubiquitous nature of our businesses and products. This has led to the existence of A) placelessness. B) globalization. C) delocalization. D) unpopular culture.

A) placelessness.

Economic activities which emphasize harvesting or extracting materials from the ground or sea would be placed in which sector of the economy? A) primary B) secondary C) tertiary D) quaternary E) quinary

A) primary

Among the five types of economic systems, which is the one that emphasizes the production of goods and services principally for the producer's family and relatives? A) subsistence B) commercial C) planned

A) subsistence

Which of the vernacular housing styles associated with Southern New England became diffused the most successfully such that it is associated as much or more with western New York and the Middle West? A) upright-and-wing B) New England large C) saltbox D) garrison

A) upright-and-wing

Folk music in North America began as the result of what type of diffusion from the Old World? A) hierarchical diffusion B) relocation diffusion C) cascade diffusion D) expansion diffusion

B) relocation diffusion

Approximately what percent of global trade (in terms of dollar value) currently is in primary commodities? A) 15% B) 25% C) 33% D) 50%

B) 25%

One billion people depend upon fish as their primary protein source. Where is this demand for fish greatest? A) South American and the Caribbean B) East Asia and Southeast Asia C) Europe and the United States D) the Middle East

B) East Asia and Southeast Asia

A country which depletes its natural capital through exporting its nonrenewable resources can expect to have a bright economic future. A) True B) False

B) False

The Green Revolution has been an unqualified success. A) True B) False

B) False

The two-way trade in primary commodities and manufactured goods between the world's more- and less-developed countries remained unchanged at the outset of the 21st century. A) True B) False

B) False

When it comes to making differentiations, the difference between folk foods and ethnic foods is extremely evident. A) True B) False

B) False

When reflecting upon the percentage of the population engaged in agriculture, which of the statement(s) below is true? I. Since the 1960s the percentage employed in agriculture in developed countries has continued to decline. II. Since the 1960s the percentage employed in agriculture in developed countries has declined and bottomed out around 2000. III. Since the 1960s the percentage employed in agriculture in developing countries has continued to decline. IV. The difference or gap in the percentage of agricultural employment between the developed and developing world has decreased slightly. V. The difference or gap in the percentage of agricultural employment between the developed and developing world has decreased greatly. A) I and IV B) II, III, IV C) II, III, V D) III, V

B) II, III, IV

With respect to the distinction between folk and ethnic as expressed in foods, all of the following are true except: A) Until recent times, most societies have been intimately and largely concerned with food production. B) In most world regions, ethnic and cultural intermixture is immediately apparent. C) Most areas of the world have been occupied by a complex mix of peoples migrating in search of food and carrying food habits and preferences with them in their migrations. D) Food habits are not just matters of sustenance but are intimately connected with the totality of culture or custom.

B) In most world regions, ethnic and cultural intermixture is immediately apparent

Which of the following is not true with respect to popular culture? A) Its diffusion is marked by the nearly simultaneous adoption over wide areas of both material and nonmaterial elements. B) Recognizable culture hearths and migration paths are definable for most popular culture elements. C) Many elements of popular culture are oriented toward the automobile. D) Both material and nonmaterial elements of popular culture are subject to the same widespread uniformities.

B) Recognizable culture hearths and migration paths are definable for most popular culture elements.

Which of the following statements is not true with respect to the Midwest culture region? A) It is the least distinctive and most intermixed of the original eastern culture regions. B) The interior contains evidence of artifacts carried only by migrants from the Upland and Lowland South. C) It is the most Americanized of the culture regions. D) It is a conglomeration of inputs from the Upland South, Northeast, and Middle Atlantic Regions.

B) The interior contains evidence of artifacts carried only by migrants from the Upland and Lowland South.

Which of the following coastal areas is NOT considered a major commercial marine fishing locale? A) The eastern Australian coast. B) The western Australian coast. C) The southern Alaskan coast. D) The Northern Scandinavian coast. E) All these coasts are part of major commercial marine fishing areas.

B) The western Australian coast.

Customs or folk customs most closely approximate A) a cultural trait. B) a cultural complex. C) a cultural region. D) a cultural realm.

B) a cultural complex.

The union of Anglo-American folk song, English country dancing, and West African musical patterns best describes the folk song tradition known as: A) country. B) black folk music. C) bluegrass. D) jazz.

B) black folk music.

Nonrenewable resources: A) are living things such as fish or forests. B) cannot be replaced by any natural processes within our lifetimes. C) have reached maximum exploitation yields. D) were unrecognized by the early settlers.

B) cannot be replaced by any natural processes within our lifetimes.

Which of the following occupations is classified as a primary activity? A) carpenter B) coal miner C) electrical engineer D) elementary school teacher

B) coal miner

Hamburgers are almost available worldwide. However, in many places they take on a local flair by having local ingredients included in the meat or sandwich and local cooking methods used. This phenomenon is known as A) globalization. B) glocalization. C) localization. D) the vernacular.

B) glocalization.

Which usage of tropical lowland hardwood forests is of increasing importance? A) construction lumber and pulp for paper B) hardwood logs for lumber C) fuelwood and charcoal D) mine timbers and railroad ties

B) hardwood logs for lumber

The nearly perfect energy source is: A) coal. B) natural gas. C) petroleum. D) taconite.

B) natural gas.

In terms of housing styles, the southern hearths evolved differently from the northern hearths primarily because: A) of the lack of traditional building materials. B) of differences in climate and ethnic cultural mix. C) the North was more affluent than the South. D) the South was settled later than the North, and its housing evolved from existing plans.

B) of differences in climate and ethnic cultural mix.

The pattern of international commodity flows in primary commodities is from the: A) producers in the less developed countries to the processors and consumers in the less developed countries. B) producers in the less developed countries to the processors and consumers in the more developed countries. C) producers in the more developed countries to the processors and consumers in the less developed countries. D) producers in the more developed countries to the processors and consumers in the more developed countries.

B) producers in the less developed countries to the processors and consumers in the more developed countries.

The diffusion of folk culture in Anglo-America in the mid-17th through early 19th centuries was a two-stage process of ________________. A) hierarchical diffusion and contagious diffusion B) relocation diffusion and expansion diffusion C) cascade diffusion and relocation diffusion D) contagious diffusion and expansion diffusion

B) relocation diffusion and expansion diffusion

Early cultural hearths along the U.S. east coast were established as a result of: A) expansion diffusion. B) relocation diffusion. C) syncretism. D) hierarchical diffusion.

B) relocation diffusion.

A long house, a house with numerous rooms in its length, but only one room in its width, is a A) Charleston single house. B) shotgun house. C) Dutch House. D) hogan.

B) shotgun house.

Thick-walled, long and single-storied with a flat or low-pitched earth-covered roof best describes which house type? A) the grenier house of rural Louisiana B) the Spanish adobe house C) the four-over-four house of the Delaware Valley D) the saltbox house of New England

B) the Spanish adobe house

Assuming a typical transport gradient and von Thunen type agricultural type set of agricultural zones (assuming a isotropic plain), which of the following would be charge the highest rent? A) ranching B) vegetable farming C) mixed farming D) grain farming

B) vegetable farming

Native Americans had their own folk medicines and cures involving plants. These often were shared with the Europeans who often in turn adopted the indigenous botanicals for treating their illnesses. In such cases, this action of a one-way exchange emphasizes the process of __________________. A) assimilation B) cultural lag C) acculturation D) transculturation

C) acculturation

Which of the following remains the most plentiful of the mineral fuels? A) natural gas B) petroleum C) coal D) peat

C) coal

In terms of volume and weight, the largest branch of the extractive industries is __________. A) metallic minerals B) fertilizers C) earth materials D) fossil fuel minerals

C) earth materials

Popular culture is focused upon masses of people who are engaged in cultural practices which are _______________. A) traditional and rural B) urban and traditional C) faddish and ever-changing

C) faddish and ever-changing

What is the principal usage of the tropical lowland hardwood forests? A) construction lumber and pulp for paper B) hardwood logs for lumber C) fuelwood and charcoal D) furniture and railroad ties

C) fuelwood and charcoal

The initial unifying agent that preceded the emergence of popular culture was the: A) steamboat. B) television set. C) printing press. D) shopping mall.

C) printing press.

Which of the following sub-sectors are correctly identified as extractive industries? A) mining and forestry B) fisheries and quarrying C) quarrying and mining D) forestry and fisheries

C) quarrying and mining

What processes of diffusion involving the New England, Middle Atlantic, and Chesapeake Bay cultural hearths most account for the development of an Eastern United States folk architecture? A) contagious and cascade B) hierarchical and relocation C) relocation and expansion D) cascade and hierarchical

C) relocation and expansion

A usable reserve is: A) a renewable resource. B) the strategic amount of a resource set aside to be used only when current amounts are depleted. C) the amount of a resource currently being consumed by humans. D) the amount of a resource that has been identified and may be recovered at future prices and/or improved technology.

C) the amount of a resource currently being consumed by humans.

The regional shopping mall, as an expression of popular culture, is distinguished by: A) its origin in the mass transit era of the early 20th century. B) its complete absence in the southeastern United States. C) the fact that Americans spend more of their time in malls than anywhere else except home and work. D) their complete replacement of traditional central business districts in older medium-sized and large cities.

C) the fact that Americans spend more of their time in malls than anywhere else except home and work.

A folk culture region is both a perceptual region and a __________. A) geopolitical region B) functional region C) uniform region D) nodal region

C) uniform region

Genetic improvements in which two crops form the basis of the Green Revolution? A) corn and rice B) wheat and corn C) wheat and rice D) wheat and sorghum

C) wheat and rice

Syncretism is reflected in the Hispanic borderlands by "Spanish" architecture which is more based upon indigenous people's building styles than upon European influences. What is the Native American house type involved in this syncretism? A) hogan B) plank house C) pueblo D) mound house

C)pueblo

Approximately what percent of the world's harvest of fish is from aquaculture (fresh water) and mariculture (saltwater)? A) 5% B) 12% C) 23% D) 32%

D) 32%

The less-developed countries account for what percentage of hardwood exports? A) 15 B) 30 C) 65 D) 90

D) 90

Which of the following popular music styles - folk music traditions associations is incorrect? A) minstrel show ragtime and blues - jazz B) Scottish bagpipe sound and church congregation singing - bluegrass C) Southern white ancestral folk music - country music D) African-American folk songs of the rural South - urban blues

D) African-American folk songs of the rural South - urban blues

Which of the following is not an effect of popular culture? A) Uniformity is substituted for differentiation. B) The individual is liberated through exposure to a broader range of available opportunities. C) It obliterates locally distinctive lifestyles. D) Change in general and the adoption of innovations proceed slowly.

D) Change in general and the adoption of innovations proceed slowly.

The hearth region that had the most widespread influence on American vernacular architecture was: A) Chesapeake Bay. B) New England. C) Hudson Valley. D) Delaware Valley.

D) Delaware Valley.

In which of the cultural hearths of eastern North America can remnant French vernacular house styles still be found with some certainty? A) Chesapeake Bay B) Southern New England C) Delaware Valley D) Lower St. Lawrence Valley

D) Lower St. Lawrence Valley

The region of American folk culture that exceeded all others in its influence was the: A) Midwest. B) North. C) Upland South. D) Mid-Atlantic.

D) Mid-Atlantic.

The shotgun house is a syncretic vernacular architectural style that was introduced from Haiti. After the syncretic process took place in American, it diffused from which cultural hearth? A) Chesapeake Bay B) Southern Tidewater C) Delaware Valley D) Mississippi Delta

D) Mississippi Delta

The cultural mosaic of a place has elements from different groups represented by different scales of spatial distribution. Which of these scales is the greatest in areal extent? A)folk B)tribal C)ethnic D)popular

D) Popular

Among regional variations in the expression of popular culture, which of the following is true (refer to figure 7.30)? A) Cigarette smoking and snack nut consumption are high in the same region of the country. B) Membership in fraternal orders tends to concentrate in the urban East. C) Television viewing of baseball, snack nut consumption, and cigarette smoking all seem to be popular in the North. D) Snack nut eating and membership in fraternal orders show a strong spatial association.

D) Snack nut eating and membership in fraternal orders show a strong spatial association.

In the United States, folk medicines, cures, and health wisdom are best developed and preserved in which areas? A) New England and the St. Lawrence Valley B) the Hudson Valley and Chesapeake region C) Midwest and rural West D) Upland South and Southern Appalachia

D) Upland South and Southern Appalachia

Which of the following would be included as folklore? A) proverbs B) prayers C) superstitions D) all of the above E) none of the above

D) all of the above

Which of these is a vernacular region? A) Corn Belt B) Bible Belt C) Sunbelt D) all of the above

D) all of the above

Technology transfer from the Developed World is benefiting former subsistence economies in _______. A) Latin America B) Africa C) Middle East D) all of these

D) all of these

To the folk cultural geographer, the study of fencing as an adjunct of agricultural land use is useful for all of the following except as: A) a guide to settlement periods and stages. B) evidence of the resources and environmental conditions the settlers found. C) an indicator of the folk cultural traditions of farm populations. D) an indicator of the barn types prevalent at any time period.

D) an indicator of the barn types prevalent at any time period.

Which of the following is likely to be the least permanent element of folk culture? A) cuisine B) folk music C) folklore D) architecture

D) architecture

Which of these elements of folk culture has the most long-lasting impact as a mark of the origins and diffusions of folk culture? A) vernacular housing B) tools C) transportation vehicles D) foods and music

D) foods and music

Which of the following sub-sectors are correctly identified as gathering industries? A) mining and forestry B) fisheries and quarrying C) quarrying and mining D) forestry and fisheries

D) forestry and fisheries

nce an ore deposit has been located, the subsequent decision to extract the metal from the ground is affected by several factors. Which among them is potentially the most important factor? A) quantity available B) richness of the ore C) distance to markets D) land acquisitions and royalties

D) land acquisitions and royalties

The drink that provided many small isolated farmers an economic base and became entrenched in the culture of early America and still exists today is A) milk. B) rum. C) vodka. D) whiskey.

D) whiskey.

The von Thunen model is a pattern of land use that emphasizes concentric rings from a central market. The placement of a particular agricultural activity within a specific ring is based upon the land rent of the commodity calculated principally according to __________. A) production subsidies for certain crops B) market price C) transport costs D) "A" and "B" E) "B" and "C"

E) "B" and "C"