Summer Bio Exam 1
which of the following is a major problem for sessile animals
they are unable to escape unfavorable environmental conditions
adult tunicates develop which of the following
tunic
Which of the following is the structural and molecular data that indicate that land plants probably descended from a group of green algae?
charophytes
which of the following is the structural and molecular data that indicate that land plants probably descended from a group of green algae
charophytes
designate the hyphae of two different mating types of black bread molds as + and -. mating of these two types is correctly classified as which of the following
heterothallic
which of the following is NOT an adaptation that contributes to the biological success of incsects?
high intraspecific competition
Which of the following are exclusively marine?
mirostomes
what type of lead venation do eudicots possess
netted
the hypha, a filament that makes up the vegetative body of most fungi, serves which of the following functions
nutrient absorption
In mushrooms, karyogamy occurs within the basidium
true
members of phylum Ctenophora are diploblastic but lack cnidocytes
true
Which of the following has vertebrae that are concave at both ends?
tuataras
which of the following is NOT an example of an animal disease caused by an ascomycete
tuberculosis
the most closely related animal to vertebrates are the
urochordates
Ctenophores capture food:
using adhesive glue cells that trap prey
which of the following is NOT a function of (typical) amphibian skin
waste excretion
which genus is used to produce beer and wine
Saccharomyces
The name conifer comes from the reproductive parts of conifers as they have separate male and female reproductive parts in different locations on the same plant. What is the technical name for the structures bearing these reproductive parts?
Strobili
Which is a characteristic of tapeworms
Tapeworms have bodies that consist of hundreds of reproductive segments.
hyphae
The branching, threadlike tubes that make up the bodies of multicellular fungi
metamorphosis occurs in which of the following vertebrate classes?
amphibia
the tetrapods include
amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals
the sac fungi are characterized by sexual reproductive structures called
asci
refer to the accompanying figure. The structure labeled as 1 are used for
attachment
saccharomyces cerevisiae are useful for which of the following
baking
an elogate uniramid with many legs as well as poison claws is known as a
centipede
In cnidarians, nematocysts are housed within why type of specialized cell?
cnidocytes
Your abdominal cavity, which contains most of your major organs, is a:
coelom lined by mesoderm
The sori of most ferns are found on which part of the plant?
fronds
In a fungus, a complex multicellular reproductive structure is called a(n):
fruiting body
what is a fungal chemical that shows promise as an anticancer agent because of its ability to inhibit the formation of new blood vessels?
fumigallin
Which generation is significantly reduced in size and entirely dependent on the sporophyte generation?
gametophyte
The haploid portion of the life cycle is called the _____ because it gives rise to haploid gametes by mitosis
gametophyte generation
which fungal group is coenocytic and reproduce asexually via blastospores
glomeromycetes
a plant with parallel veins and floral parts in threes or multiples of three would be classified as a:
monocot
Heterospory is believed to have led to the evolution of
seeds
according to the fossil record, the oldest vascular plants are placed in which phylum?
Rhyniophyta
the most diverse, successful, and familiar group of plants today are the
angiosperms
Which of the following groups use very long pedipalps as pinchers for capturing prey?
scorpions
the epidermis of a nematode is derived from the
ectoderm
what is the mode of nutrition for clams and oysters
filter feeders
One ancestral characteristic remaining in representatives of the Chytridiomycota is:
flagellated cells
meiosis occurs forming spores within which of the following
sporangium
chytrids produce which of the following cells at some point during their life cycle, which is an indicator of fungal evolution
flagellate
is the evolutionary process in which the spaces between close branches become filled with chlorophyll-containing cells
webbing
Which of the following are interesting research plants for studies in genetics because they are polyploids and have multiple sets of chromosomes
ferns
Which of the following explains why fewer animals live in freshwater than in the ocean?
freshwater is generally hypotonic to tissue fluids
To include your eyes and ears in the same section, you would need to cut your body in which plant?
frontal
_______ has been an important medicinal plant for centuries and is still a common herbal remedy today
Gingkgo
the oldest known megafossils of early vascular plants may be characterized as:
possessing dichotomously branched stems without leaves or roots
which is the most economically important bryophyte
sphagnum
which arthropod has chelicerate, pedipalps, and silk glands
spider
what is the key characteristic that defines the Ecdysozoa clade?
the animal molts
which of the following is NOT characteristic of cnidarians?
they have one body shape, known as medusa
Refer to the accompanying figure. The structure labeled as 4 is a
zygote
The amphibians are believed to have arisen from ancestral:
sacropterygian fishes
the anterior end of a tapeworm is known as the
scolex
the third genophyte genus, ____________, contains a single species found in deserts of southwestern Africa
Welwitschia
One true characteristic of all animals is that they:
are heterotrophs
the first function of feathers was most likely
as color displays in courtship rituals
Ascomycetes reproduce sexually by forming:
ascospores
which of the following terms is associated with polychaetes
parapodia
biramous appendages in arthropods are only present in which organisms
crustaceans
which of the following were important plants millions of years ago, when species that are now extinct often reached great size
club mosses
How do protostomes differ from deuterostomes?
Protostomes undergo spiral cleavage during development.
Consuming even a single mushroom of the genus ____ can be fatal.
amanita
are divided into three distinct phyla: mosses, liverworts, and hornworts
byrophytes
after embryonic development, members of the phylum Rotifera are incapable of
cell division
like fungi, chytrid cell walls contain which of the following
chitin
which of the following is a characteristic shared between green algae and plants
chlorophyll a and b in plastids
the common ancestor of all animals is/are the
choanoflagellates
Microphylls is a structure that can only be found in
club mosses
fungi that lack septa are called
coenocytic
Sponges are believed to have arisen from the choanoflagellates because they possess:
collar cells
puffballs and bracket fungi are most closely related to
common edible mushrooms
Recent studies of gene function as it relates to reproductive development suggest that angiosperms evolved most directly from:
conifers
recent studies of gene function as it relates to reproductive development suggests that angiosperms evolved most directly from
conifers
lichens are currently thought to be an example of which the following
controlled parasitism
which phylum's very few surviving species are tropical and subtropical plants with stout, trunk-like stems, and compound leaves that resemble those of palms or tree ferns
cycadophyta
The first plants to produce seeds evolved during which time period?
denovian period
which of the following is NOT characteristic of (most) deuterostomes?
determinate cleavage
Cycads may be characterized as being:
dioecious and having motile sperm
Which of the following phyla is unusual because it is composed of a single species?
ginkgophyta
lichens are most typically formed by the symbiotic association of an alga or cyanobacterium and
glomeromycete
which fungal group is coenocytic and reproductive asexually via blastospores
glomeromycetes
The body wall of cnidarians and ctenophores consist of:
inner and outer cell layers separated by a jelly-like mesoglea
which class of animals has the largest number of species?
insecta
Seed plants produce ovules, each of which is a megasporangium surrounded by
integuments
a marine invertebrate placed into freshwater would have difficulty surviving because
it would have difficulty with osmoregulation
Flowering plants appeared in the fossil record in the:
jurassic and lower cretaceous periods
Which process takes place within the young basidia on the gills of the mushroom?
karyogamy
Sharks detect motion in the water or waves by their:
lateral lines
the monotremes are an unusual group of mammals because they
lay eggs
bilateral symmetry and cephalization are adaptations for which of the following
locomotion
occurs in the capsules and produces haploid spore
meiosis
The structure labeled as 9 in the accompanying figure was produced by
meiosis in the resting sporangium
probably originated as outgrowths of stem tissue that developed a single vascular strand later
microphylls
which of the following are NOT protostomes
milkfish
Arthropods with mandibles, a single pair of antennae, and two legs on most body segments are:
millipedes
Which process marks the start of the dikaryotic stage (n + n) in the fungal reproductive cycle?
plasmogamy
when a moss spore lands in a suitable spot, it germinates and grows into a filament of cells called a
protonema
In which group did the amniotic egg first evolve?
reptiles
You are told that the digestive tract of the animal you are studying developed an anus before a mouth. You realize that you may be looking at a
sea star
what do ferns lack
seeds
In most fungi, hyphae are divided by cross walls, termed which of the following?
septa
If adult sponges are sessile, why can they still be classified as animals?
sponge larvae are motile
Which of the following is NOT an example of a cnidarian?
sponges
when two gametes fuse, the diploid portion of the life cycle is called
sporophyte generation
Lancelets are
filter feeders
the oldest definitive trace of flowering plants in the fossil record consists of
ovules enclosed in podlike fruits
Plants that have a distinct haploid stage and diploid stage exhibit:
alternation of generations
gametophytes also produce female gametangia known as
archegonia
The first air-breathing land animals were:
arthropods
the fungus that causes black stem rust of wheat belongs to which fungal group?
basidiomycetes
the nervous system of many species of flatworms
is a "ladder-type"
an animal found in the rocky intertidal zone has eight overlapping plates and is tightly adhereing to the rock with a muscular foot. This animal is most likely a member of the class
polyplacophora
one characteristic of class bivalvia is that they
possess two shells with a hinge
Which of the following is a marine species that is segmented and has many setae, a well-developed head, separate sexes, and trochophore larva?
sandworms and tubeworms
Refer to the accompanying figure. what is missing in the filament labeled as A
septa
in most fungi, hyphae are divided by cross walls termed
septa
which of the following is heterosporous
spike moss
the endosperm of an angiosperm seed is typically
triploid (3n)
the coelacanth is found in the class
actinistia
as bilateral symmetry evolved, natural selection led to which of the following?
cephalization
what specialized structure do crustaceans use to sense gravity
statocysts
which of the following is characteristic of flatworms
they are acoelomate (have no body cavity)
Which vascular tissue is responsible for conducting water and dissolved minerals in plants?
xylem
which unicellular fungus is probably in most kitchens
yeast
The head end of an animal is known as its:
anterior end
the haploid gametophytes produce male gametangia known as
antheridi
which is an example of a member of phylum Zygomycota
black bread mold
sea stars are primarily
carnivores
segmentation is important in annelids as an aid in
locomotion
What are the two clades of the protostomes?
lophotrochozoa and ecdysozoa
which two plants of the carboniferous period contributed to the formation of today's coal deposits
horsetails and club mosses
Progymnosperms had two derived features, which are:
megaphylls and woody tissue
which of the following does NOT have a coelom
tapeworms
Gas exchange in terrestrial insects is accomplished through
the use of a tracheae
the genus Pinus, by far the largest genus in the conifers, consists of about how many species?
100
Which statement best describes a lophophore?
It is a ciliated ring of tentacles surrounding the mouth
Which animal phylum has an asymmetrical body plan?
Porifera
where does digestion in a sponge take place?
individual cells
the gametophyte generation of ferns is the
prothallus
Within the phylum Cnidaria, corals are most closely related to which organism?
sea anemones
_____ include oaks, roses, mustards, cacti, blueberries, and sunflowers; these are either herbaceous or woody
Eudicots
Which of the following is NOT true of lichens?
Lichens can all be seen with an unaided eye
How do mosses help prevent soil erosion?
Mosses are packed in dense colonies, holding soil together
which vascular tissue in both gymnosperms and flowering plants is for conducting water and dissolved minerals
Xylem
which group of plants were the most recent to evolve?
angiosperms
lungs first evolved in which group
bony fishes
a fish with a cartilaginous skeleton and paired fins would be in the group
chondrichthyes
Hyphae that contain two genetically distinct, sexually compatible nuclei within each cell are described as:
dikaryotic
in most developing eudicot seeds, the primary source of nutritive material is in the
endosperm
Lichens are most typically formed by the symbiotic association of an alga or cyanobacterium and a(n):
glomeromycete
one characteristic of the class Holothuroidea is that they
have a reduced endoskeleton consisting of microscopic plates embedded in the body wall
Which are the animals with a crown of cilia that look like a spinning wheel?
rotifers
which of the following protostomes has bristles, called setae, which provide traction during crawling
sandworms
which is critical to polychaete and oligochaete locomotion?
setae
tunicates are often mistaken for which of the following
sponges
which of the following are exclusively terrestrial?
chilopods and diplopods
Many seedless plants produce spores of one morphological type, which is referred to as:
homospory
which plant has a jointed hollow stem with reduced megaphylls
horsetail
A flower that has sepals, petals, and stamens, but lacks carpels, is known as:
incomplete and imperfect
most mollusks are
marine
a grasshopper belongs in the Ecdysozoa clade because of its ability to
molt
Each spore divides by mitosis to produce a _________________ , and the cycle continues.
multicellular gametophyte
which of the following embryonic cells are unique to vertebrates
natural crest cells
marsupials include the
opossum
Which term can be applied to both monotremes and sharks?
oviparous
which term describes an animal that lays eggs
oviparous
which part of a flowering plant is the immature male gametophyte
pollen grain
conidia
spores formed by fungi that are formed without the protection of a sac
what type of root system is prevalent of eudicots
taproot
Echinoderms' radial symmetry enables which of the following
the ability to respond effectively in every direction of their surrounding environment
mammals descended from a group of reptiles known as
therapsids
The first animals to show cephalization have several characteristics. Which of the following is NOT one of them?
these animals had a proboscis
Which is a characteristic of ribbon worms and flatworms?
they are acoelomates
a bilaterally symmetrical animal has how many axes
three
cycads were very important during the _______ which began about 251 million years ago
triassic period
the most unique feature of the echinoderms is their
water vascular system
yeast reproduces asexually by:
budding
Spores
Produced by meiosis. Grow into haploid organisms by mitosis.
how can radial symmetry be an advantage to slow-moving or sessile marine organisms?
It allows them to move in different positions
what is the male sexual structure that produces sperm in plants?
anteridium
A bryophyte having a single large chloroplast in each cell belongs to which phylum?
anthocerophyta
which chordate group has the most species
bony fishes
which statement about gymnosperms and angiosperms is FALSE
both groups have free-living gametophytes
______ are the only living nonvascular plants
bryophytes
how are the sperm of moss transported to the archegonia
by both insects and water
which pair of words is incorrectly matched
coelom-no body cavity
spiny echidnas are unlike other mammals in that they
do not have nipples
The earliest mammals resembled small:
dogs
which of the following is mismatched
dutch elm disease-glomeromycetes
which of the following phyla is a deuterostome
echinoderms
which of the following is NOT a member of the lepidosaur lineage
extant turtles
which of the following is NOT an adaptation needed for living on land
external respiratory surfaces
arthropods with mandibles, a single pair of antennae and two legs on most body segments are
millipedes
As a contemporary scientist, which of the following would you use as evidence to propose changing the traditional animal phylogenies?
molecular data
which structure places a fish in the class actinopterygii
more flexible fins with less bone
sea stars eat:
mostly crustaceans and mollusks
the organic material compresses to form
peat
which of the following is NOT an example of a flightless bird
pelicans
which of the following appears to have evolved independently in different animal taxa, and therefore its presence is not considered a useful characteristic for determining phylogeny
pseduocoelom
segmentation in arthropods differs from that of annelids because arthropod segments are
smaller
the intermediate host for a blood fluke is a
snail
allomyces has an unusual life cycle in that it spends part of its life as a multicellular haploid thallus and part as a multicellular diploid thallus. This life cycle is known as which of the following
alternation of generations
lichens reproduce mainly by asexual means, usually by which of the following?
fragmentation
which structure do numerous mollusks use to scrape algae off rocks
radula
after fertilization in angiosperms, what does the ovule develop into?
seed
larval tunicates superficially resemble which of the following
tadpoles
ascocarps
the fruiting body of a sac fungus
Extracts from the ginkgo tree are sold in over-the-counter (OTC) medicines purported to increase memory. Extracts from what other gymnosperm were once sold in OTC weight loss supplements?
Ephreda
which of the following genes were similar in the last common ancestor of bilateral animals
Hox genes
which vascular tissue is responsible for conducting water and dissolved minerals in plants?
Xylem
salamanders are members of the order
Caudata
the club fungi typically reproduce by producing:
basidia
from an evolutionary perspective, true nerve cells are first seen in the phylum
cnidaria
the lining of the digestive tube is formed from
endoderm
the oldest known mega fossils of _________, discovered in New York are dated at 380 millions years old. These trees, which were about 8 m tall, had vascular tissues but no leaves and a minimal root system
fernlike trees
which of the following deuterostomes has a proboscis?
acorn worms
what makes up most of the mass of an individual mushroom
underground mycelium
hagfishes are differentiated from lampreys and all other fishes in that
hagfishes lack vertebrae