Superficial Structures

You have been requested to perform an ultrasound exam to rule out the presence of a popliteal aneurysm. Where will you look?

Behind the knee

A patient has been referred for an ultrasound study of the parotid gland. Where is this gland located?

Between the external auditory canal and the inferior edge of the mandible.

What is the sonographic appearance of a normal peripheral nerve?

Markedly hyperechoic structure with parallel internal linear echoes.

A patient has been referred for an ultrasound study to rule out the presence of a rectus sheath hematoma. Where will you look?

Mid abdominal wall

A patient has been referred for sonographic evaluation of a right lateral breast mass seen on mammography. What is the correct patient positioning to evaluate the mass?

Patient in left posterior oblique position with right arm abducted.

Which of the following is NOT an accepted indication for breast ultrasound?

Screening for malignancy in the general population.

A patient has been referred for sonographic evaluation of the rotator cuff. What part of the body should you image?

Shoulder

What is the appearance of a normal lymph node in the breast?

Small, ovoid structure with a hypoechoic rim and echogenic hilum

You have been asked to determine if a mass seen on mammography in the left breast is solid or cystic. What are the characteristics of a breast cyst by ultrasound?

Smooth walls, sharp anterior and posterior borders, no internal echoes, posterior enhancement

A patient has been referred for ultrasound evaluation of tendinitis in the wrist. What is the ultrasound appearance of a tendon?

Tendons are highly echogenic with a fibrillar echotexture

Which of the following is NOT a sonographic sign of tendinitis?

Absence of vascularity on color Doppler imaging

Which transducer will provide the most optimal imaging for ultrasound imaging of the breast?

10 MHz linear array

You have been asked to perform an ultrasound exam of the Achilles tendon. Which transducer would provide the most optimal image of this structure?

12 MHz linear array

You have been asked to determine if a mammographically detected breast mass is cystic or solid. What is the established accuracy of ultrasound for distinguishing a simple cyst from a solid lesion?

96-100%

Which of the following is suggestive of malignancy of a solid mass seen on ultrasound?

All of the above: A mass that is taller than it is wide, spiculation, angular margins, markedly hypoechoic solid lesion.

A patient has been referred for ultrasound evaluation to rule out the presence of a carotid body tumor. Where is this tumor located?

At the level of the carotid bifurcation between the internal and external carotid arteries.

You have detected a cyst in a patient referred for a sonographic evaluation of a wrist nodule. Which of the following is a cyst that occurs adjacent to a joint?

Ganglion cyst.

What comprises the terminal ductal lobular unit (TDLU) in the breast?

Lobule with its terminal branches, short intralobular and longer extralobular duct.

You detect a hypoechoic region within an otherwise normal appearing tendon. What causes false hypoechogenicity within a tendon?

Oblique incidence of the beam to the tendon axis

You have obtained several images of a breast mass in radial plane and have determined that the mass is solid. You measured the long axis of the mass. What else should you do?

Obtain images in a projection 90 degrees to the original scan plane.

You have been asked to perform an ultrasound exam on a patient with recent muscular trauma. Which of the following is true regarding the normal sonographic findings in a muscle?

On sagittal scans, oblique, parallel, echogenic fibers are seen against hypoechoic background.

You have been requested to perform an ultrasound exam to rule out the presence of a Baker's cyst. Where will you look?

Popliteal fossa