SY113 Sociology Chapters 1-5 Quiz 1

the concept "Anomie" can be defined as: a. A situation in which society no longer has the support of a firm collective consciousness. b. How strongly a person is connected to his or her social group. c. A person's beliefs and ideology are in conflict with her best interests. d. When one or more of an individual's roles clash.

a. A situation in which society no longer has the support of a firm collective consciousness.

In 1999, Sean Fanning, John Fanning, and Sean Parker invented Napster, a global, free-of-charge, peer-to-peer music sharing program. Prior to Napster, no such program existed. The three men created _____. a. An innovation b. A discovery c. A culture lag d. a cultural universal

a. An innovation

The Agricultural Revolution is often referred to as "dawn of civilization" because: a. Cities and towns were established, and humans had more time for leisure activities. b. Societies began to form where rainfall was plentiful; groups were able to cultivate plants instead of living nomadic lifestyles. c. Tribes became nomadic, traveling to various locations in search of sustenance. d. Animals were first domesticated as a resource for survival.

a. Cities and towns were established, and humans had more time for leisure activities.

Quinicia is studying how the lack of comprehensive sex education is affecting a small, rural town in North Dakota. She spends two months in the town, observing and interviewing the townspeople. Quinicia is conducting a(n) ______. a. Ethnography b. Case study c. Experiment d. Secondary data analysis

a. Ethnography

Tyson is researching whether actors on prime-time television and hot movies negatively impact teenagers' body images. He is going undercover at a local high school to observe and participate with the students to better understand the world they live in. Tyson is conducting which research method? a. Field research b. Surveys c. Experiments d. Secondary data analysis

a. Field research

Which of the following is and example of nonreactive research? a. Gathering data from government studies b. Educating classrooms on the necessities of safe sex c. Interviewing heroin addicts and providing them with clean needles d. Volunteering at a local food bank and interacting with homeless persons

a. Gathering data from government studies

Emile Durkheim's much landed study of suicide is important to the field of sociology in many ways. One of the most influential impacts was: a. It defined the differences between sociology and psychology. b. It allowed psychology and sociology to merge into one field. c. It showed the psychological reasons for suicide to be a lie. d. It earned Emile Durkheim the title "Father of Sociology" so that other sociologists would have

a. It defined the differences between sociology and psychology.

What is the importance of interpretive framework? a. It leads to in-depth knowledge of a participant's social world. b. It eliminates the need for a literature review. c. It relies on statistics to determine casual relationships. d. It prevents researchers from making unethical decisions.

a. It leads to in-depth knowledge of a participant's social world.

a "Paradigm" can be defined as: a. Philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them. b. The social ties that bind a group of people together such as kinship, shared location, and religion. c. the consequences of a social process that are sought or anticipated. d. Social patterns that have undesirable consequences for the operation of society.

a. Philosophical and theoretical framework used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them.

George Herbert Mead's specific path of development for individuals is as follows: a. Preparatory stage, play stage, game stage, generalized other stage. b. Game stage, play stage, generalized other stage, preparatory stage. c. Preparatory stage, game stage, play stage, generalized other stage. d. Generalized other stage, preparatory stage, play stage, game stage.

a. Preparatory stage, play stage, game stage, generalized other stage.

During her first day of kindergarten, Maries does not understand how the lunch line in the cafeteria works. She hesitates and watches as the older kids pick up their trays and silverware and then bet in line. She follows their lead and successfully buys herself lunch. Marie's experience in the lunchroom is an example of _____. a. Socialization b. The looking-glass self c. Resocialization d. Anticipatory socialization

a. Socialization

The term "Interpretive Framework" can be defined as: a. A basis for which sociologists determine whether their independent and dependent variables reflect their results. b. A sociological research approach that seeks in-depth understanding of a topic or subject through observation or interaction; this approach is not based on hypothesis testing. c. En established scholarly research method that involves asking a question, researching existing sources, forming a hypothesis, designing and conducting a study, and drawing conclusions. d. Specific explanations of abstract concepts that a researcher plans to study.

b. A sociological research approach that seeks in-depth understanding of a topic or subject through observation or interaction; this approach is not based on hypothesis testing.

The term "Language" can be defined as: a. Gestures, signs, objects, signals, and words that help people understand the world. b. A symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted. c. The exchange of gestures and signals for the purpose of reaching a consensus. d. Communication grounded in ideals, norms, and values.

b. A symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted.

A hypothesis can be defined as: a. A way to explain different aspects of social interactions. b. A testable proposition. c. An attempt to explain large-scale relationships. d. Philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them.

b. A testable proposition

Which of the following is an example of role conflict? a. Derek attends law school and becomes a lawyer, though he dreams of one day becoming the next John Grisham. b. Becca returns to work after giving birth to her daughter, finding it difficult to act as mother, wife, and executive. c. Alex takes a sabbatical from his job as a professor of Molecular Biology to raise his two young children. d. Krista lands a role on "Days of Our Lives" and begins receiving fan mail from fans across the country.

b. Becca returns to work after giving birth to her daughter, finding it difficult to act as mother, wife, and executive.

Some sociologists have pointed out that gender roles are often determined by how a society socializes young boys and girls. Which of the following is an example of socializing a child into a gender role? a. Taking Jimmy to the aquarium. b. Buying Sarah a toy kitchen to play with. c. Letting Kim wear pants to school. d. Allowing Joey to sleep with his "blankey".

b. Buying Sarah a toy kitchen to play with.

Miguel is doing a research paper on New York City's Stone Wall Riots of 1969. He visits the scene of the riots, interviews people who were there, reads the police reports of the event, and watches video footage. Miguel is conducting a(n) _____. a. Overview b. Case study c. Experiment d. Data analysis

b. Case study

Kurt and Mitch visit an Amish village on a class trip. "Let's see if we can round up some old radios and appliances and drop them off for them later this week. I think they'll appreciate it. They just don't understand what they're missing." Mitch rolls his eyes. Kurt's perspective is an example of _____. a. Behavioral normativity b. Cultural imperialism c. Material culture d. Ideal culture

b. Cultural imperialism

Angelica visits Thailand with her family. When she wears short-shorts and tank tops while visiting a series of temples during her first week, she is met with hostility from the locals. She feels she no longer knowns how to behave or interact with those outside her family. Angelica is experiencing _______. a. Cultural imperialism b. Cultural shock c. Material culture d. Xenocentricism

b. Cultural shock

______ describes how any action that is repeated frequently becomes cast into a pattern. a. Institutionalization b. Habitualization c. Industrialization d. Rationalization

b. Habitualization

Eleanor is researching the effect social media has on worldwide political awareness and revolution. Felix is examining the effect World of Warcraft has on the romantic relationships of middle-aged men in his metro area. Eleanor's analysis is _____, while Felix's analysis is _____. a. Micro-level; macro-level b. Macro-level; micro-level c. They are both macro-level. d. They are both micro-level.

b. Macro-level; micro-level

In order to better understand the sorority pledging process at her university for her sociology thesis, Carmen pledges with a popular sorority. This is an example of _____. a. Literature review b. Participant observation c. Secondary data analysis d. Dependent variables

b. Participant observation

MTV's Widely-watched TV series "The Jersey Shore" is an example of _____, while the obscure works of playwright Sam Sheppard are an example of _____. a. High culture; high culture b. Popular culture; high culture c. High culture; low culture d. Jersey culture: low culture

b. Popular culture; high culture

On the first day of high school, Kaitlin overhears a group of girls calling her "goth" and "emo." She soon begins to don more black clothing, dark makeup, and seek out friends who dress the same. This is an example of _____. a. Institutionalization b. Role performance c. Role strain d. Ascribed status

b. Role performance

Which of the following is NOT an example of a sociological hypothesis? a. The more study halls students are given during the school day, the worse they perform on their tests. b. The more CDs Jamilla buys, the less money she has in her bank account. c. The longer an inmate spends in prison, the more difficult it is for him to adapt to the outside world. d. The more positive reinforcement a parent gives a child, the better they do in school.

b. The more CDs Jamilla buys, the less money she has in her bank account.

Jeremy wrote an essay criticizing the college admissions process, arguing that heavy competition and limited educational resources make admission difficult for the average student. Which perspective would Jeremy's argument fall under? a. Structural Functionalism b. Conflict Theory c. Symbolic Interactionism d. Behaviorism

b. conflict theory

Ivanka Trump is the daughter of business mogul Donald Trump. Her role as heiress to the Trump fortune is an example of ______. a. Achieved status b. The Thomas Theorem c. Ascribed status d. The looking-glass self

c. Ascribed status

What approach is often used to understand what's defined as deviant within a society? a. Criticism b. Symbolic interaction c. Constructivism d. Antipositivism

c. Constructivism

Kendra is researching the effects of vitamin C on test-taking ability. Before the exam, Kendra gives group A orange juice, and group B water. Vitamin C is the _____. a. Experimental group b. Control group c. Dependent variable d. Independent variable

c. Dependent variable

Which of the following is an example of cultural relativism? a. Ingrid becoming upset over the course language used in the Australian Outback. b. Andy marrying a woman who does not practice his religion, though his parents disapprove. c. Helena putting aside her vegetarianism to eat meals with the local tribe she is studying. d. Joseph protesting the Running of the Bulls while visiting Pamplona.

c. Helena putting aside her vegetarianism to eat meals with the local tribe she is studying.

According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, when do humans begin to think about the feelings of other people and begin to see the world through other people's eyes? a. When they are born. b. When they first go to school. c. In their teenage years. d. After they graduate from college.

c. In their teenage years.

Which of the following is an example of a cultural universal? a. Putting your cell phone on silent during a Broadway production. b. Holding hands with your best friend. c. Incest taboos. d. Marrying the partner whom your parents have chosen for you.

c. Incest taboos.

_____ believed that societies grew and changed as a result of the struggles of different social classes over the means of production and greatly favored _____. a. Durkheim; Communism b. Max Weber; Positivism c. Karl Marx; Communism d. Comte; Antipositivism

c. Karl Marx; Communism

Which of the following is an example of an unethical sociological research practice? a. conducting a literature review prior to conducting an experiment. b. Drawing conclusions from a study which the hypothesis did nit predict. c. Observing study participants without their consent. d. Using a control group and an experimental group during observation.

c. Observing study participants without their consent.

Charles Cooley's concept of the looking-glass self hypothesizes that: a. Self-esteem is directly correlated with body image. b. The media encourages society to base their appearances on visible public figures. c. People base their images on how they think other people see them. d. Personal identity isn't influenced by outside social forces.

c. People base their images on how they think other people see them.

Which of the following is not a step in the scientific method? a. Research existing sources b. Report results c. Receive corroboration from the field d. Formulate a hypothesis

c. Receive corroboration from the field

Janet is visiting her childhood friend in the Hamptons. Janet wears ripped jeans and Chuck Taylors to an infamous "White" party. The majority of the party-goers refuse to socialize with her. Janet is experiencing a form of _____. a. Formal sanction b. Xenocentricism c. Social control d. Ethnocentricity

c. Social control

_____ view society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of individuals who make up that society. a. Symbolic Interactions b. Conflict Theories c. Structural Functionalists d. Social Individualists

c. Structural Functionalists

In the early 2000's, "The L Word" and "Queer as Folk" debuted on Showtime. Both shows depicted the lives of members of the LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) community, thus giving viewers a glimpse into a _____. a. More b. Formal Sanction c. Subculture d. Social relativism

c. Subculture

After weeks of protest in Zuccotti Park, NYC's "Occupy Wall Street" divided into two camps: one composed of higher-income protesters, and one composed of lower-income protesters. A ______ would be most interested in the relationship and nature of day-to-day exchanges between the two groups. a. Conflict theorist b. Structural functionalist c. Symbolic interactionist d. Feminist conflict theorist

c. Symbolic interactionalist

A class of third graders is told that the assistant principle will be visiting their class to confirm their teacher's reports of bad behavior. When the principle visits, the students behave perfectly. This is an example of _____. a. The Authority Effect b. the Regressive Effect c. The Hawthorne Effect d. The Cognizant Effect

c. The Hawthorne Effect

Which of the following is an example of a counterculture? a. The Yuppie crazy of the 1980's b. The Kardashian obsession of the 2010's c. The hippie movement of the 1960's d. The disco invasion of the 1970's

c. The hippie movement of the 1960's

Political science teacher Mr. Jones asks his students to study how social media can influence public opinion by "following" famous activists, academics and politicians on Twitter. When reading and exchanging each other's Tweets, some classmates became close friends. The first is an example of the project's _____ function, the second is an example of the project's ____ function. a. latent; manafest b. manifest; manifest c. manifest; latent d. latent; latent

c. manifest; latent

"Reliability" is defined by the text as: a. How well the study measures what it was designed to measure. b. How long a study is expected to remain relevant and influential. c. How close the study's results come to the experimenter's hypothesis. d. A measure of a study's consistency that considers how likely results are to be replicated if a study is reproduced.

d. A measure of a study's consistency that considers how likely results are to be replicated if a study is reproduced.

As industrialization began to boom, Durkheim believed people were more susceptible to anomie because: a. Collective norms are weakened. b. Society no longer has the support of the collective conscienceless. c. Specialization of labor lead to alienation. d. All of the above.

d. All of the above

According to Durkheim, which of the following is NOT a social fact? a. A religious belief b. A law c. A custom d. All of the above answers are social facts

d. All of the above answers are social facts

Functionalist Emile Durkheim viewed society as: a. An even playing field composed of the educated and uneducated. b. split between two classes categorized by education, kinship, and religion. c. The product of class struggle, requiring social revolutions to correct rampant class inequality. d. An organism in which each portion plays a vital role in keeping the organism stable and healthy.

d. An organism in which each portion plays a vital role in keeping the organism stable and healthy.

Which Theorist claimed that people rise to their proper level in society based solely on their belief in a meritocracy? a. Karl Marx b. Max Weber c. Herbert Spencer d. Emile Durkheim

d. Emile Durkheim

Elise travels across Thailand with her friends and, to her surprise, finds the country quite unlike the United States. "I hate the food, " she tells her family at home. "I hate the language, I hate the weird customs and awful music. America is clearly the best place to be." This is and example of ____. a. Paradigms b. Xenocentrism c. Moral relativism d. Ethnocentrism

d. Ethnocentrism

the process of simultaneously analyzing the behavior of individuals and the society that shapes that behavior (or, the concept that the individual and society are inseparable) is referred to as: a. Dynamic equilibrium b. Latent functions c. Dramaturgical analysis d. Figuration

d. Figuration

Weber's proposal of antipositivism influenced sociological researchers to _____ while examining different social worlds. a. Reject antiquated notions of privacy and consent. b. Methodically predict situational outcomes. c. Manipulate test subjects into answering difficult questions. d. Gain a subjective understanding of human cultural norms.

d. Gain a subjective understanding of human cultural norms

Erik Erickson's theory explains: a. Why Rhesus Monkeys preferred Terry cloth maternal stand-ins versus the maternal stand-ins that provided food. b. How human sexual desire is linked to the development of a personality. c. When human moral development begins in an individual. d. How the actions of society help shape personalities throughout the eight basic stages of life.

d. How the actions of society help shape personalities throughout the eight basic stages of life.

Please place the following societies in chronological order: a. Pastoral; Hunter-gatherer; Horticultural; Agricultural b. Hunter-gatherer; Pastoral; Agricultural; Horticultural c. Pastoral; Agricultural; Hunter-gatherer; Horticultural d. Hunter-gatherer; Pastoral; Horticulture; Agriculture

d. Hunter-gatherer; Pastoral; Horticulture; Agriculture

John wants to study whether a larger number of laptops available to students at his school lead to higher grades. Choose the independent and dependent variable. a. Independent variable: Grades; Dependent variable: Number of laptops. b. Independent variable: John; Dependent variable: Grades. c. Independent variable: Grades; Dependent variable: John. d. Independent variable: Number of laptops; Dependent variable: Grades.

d. Independent variable: Number of laptops; Dependent variable: Grades.

Which of the following is NOT an example of self-fulfilling prophecy? a. Charlotte is an intelligent teenager, but told by her step-sisters and cousins that she's destined to a life of poverty and failure. Charlotte begins to do poorly in school, and eventually drops out. b. Though encouraged by his parents to audition for Julliard, Jose believes he isn't good enough to attend. After his audition, he expresses this reluctance to the admissions committee. They don't admit him due to lack of certainty. c. Morgan overhears a professor predicting the economic recession will prevent entry-level graduates from finding gainful employment. Morgan goes on interviews but doesn't bother preparing, convinced it's a waste of time. Morgan appears unprofessional and is not hired. d. Kevin sprained his ankle a month before a marathon. Though his trainer advises him not to participate, Kevin runs the marathon and places third.

d. Kevin sprained his ankle a month before a marathon. Though his trainer advises him not to participate, Kevin runs the marathon and places third.

Which of the following is NOT an example of a formal norm within the United States? a. Driving on the right side of the road b. Crossing streets on cross-walks c. Paying taxes d. Making eye contact while speaking

d. Making eye contact while speaking

What is the difference between a more and a folkway? a. Mores encourage social rebellion; folkways do not. b. Mores are legally acceptable to violate; folkways do not c. Mores are constructed based on norms; folkways are not. d. Mores may carry serious consequences if violated; folkways do not.

d. Mores may carry serious consequences if violated; folkways do not.

Kevin conducted a study on whether the length of a line at a local Starbucks affected how well the customers enjoyed their coffee after receiving it. Malcom conducted the study at his local Starbucks, and found the same results. Kevin's study had a high level of _____. a. Literacy b. Validity c. Interpretation d. Reliability

d. Reliability

Kyle is collecting newspaper clippings from his grandfather about the American public's perception of World War II. This is an example of ______. a. Tertiary data b. Interactive data c. Primary data d. Secondary data

d. Secondary data

Alexis wants to research the 1960's feminist movement. She reads articles from the time period, watches documentaries, reads scholarly journals on the topic, and interviews influential women from the movement. What kind of research method is Alexis using? a. Ethnography b. Surveys c. Experiments d. Secondary data analysis

d. Secondary data analysis

"Qualitative Sociology" can be defined as: a. In-depth interviews, focus groups, and/or analysis of content sources as the source of its data. b. Virtual interactivity, olive polls, and online gaming. c. Door to door sales pitches, cold calls, and press conferences. d. Statistical methods such as surveys with large numbers of participants.

a In-depth interviews, focus groups, and/or analysis of content sources as the source of its data.

Which of the following men coined the term "Positivism", and is widely considered the father of sociology? a. Auguste Comte b. Karl Marx c. Max Weber d. Emile Durkheim

a. Auguste Comte

Max Weber, Georg Simmel, and Karl Marx were all advocates of: a. Conflict theory b. Structural functionalism c. Capitalism d. Symbolic interactionism

a. Conflict theory

Many Americans pay for haircuts, trips to the dentist, or transportation on the metro and bus systems. These actions support the notion of capitalism, and example of ______. a. Non-material culture b. Material culture c. A cultural universal d. The counterculture

a. Non-material culture

Which of the following is an example of an informal sanction? a. The football team throwing a slushy in Finn's face because he tried to join the Glee club. b. Lilly being sent to prison because she failed to pay her taxes. c. Brett illegally downloading the new Black Keys album because he couldn't afford to buy it. d. Sarah buying Lady Gaga tickets from a scalper because the show was sold out.

a. The football team throwing a slushy in Finn's face because he tried to join the Glee club.

Which of the following is NOT an example of organic solidarity? a. A Ford Motors employee assembling taillights on an assembly line. b. A freelance artist creating a sculpture of Barack Obama. c. A fast-food employee putting burgers into their buns. d. a toll-booth employee collecting toll change.

b. A freelance artist creating a sculpture of Barack Obama.

A judge and her gavel. A cop and his gun. A lawyer and her power suit. A _____ would be most concerned with the parts these objects play in impression management. a. Functionalist b. Symbolic interactionist c. Feminist d. Conflict theorist

b. Symbolic interactionist

The term "Institutionalization" can be defined as: a. the idea that society is constructed by us and those before us, and it is followed like a habit. b. The act of implanting a convention or norm into society. c. A status a person chooses, such as a level of education or income. d. Responsibilities and benefits that a person experiences according to their rank and role in society.

b. The act of implanting a convention or norm into society.

What group defines themselves through a rejection of the mainstream: a) Beatniks b) Hippies c) Hipsters d) Hepcats

c) Hipsters

Alona is examining the impact of the 2011 Penn State scandal on student morale and school spirit by distributing number-scaled surveys in her Introduction to Sociology class. Alona is employing a _____ research method. a. Qualitative b. Pathos c. Logos d. Quantitative

d. Quantitative

The term "Value Neutrality" is defined by the text as: a. A practice of remaining impartial, without bias or judgement during the course of a study and in publishing results. b. the study of evolving ethics and morals in relation to sociological research. c. A systematic approach to record and value information gleaned from secondary data as it relates to the study at hand. d. A study's participants being randomly selected to serve as a representation of a larger population.

a. A practice of remaining impartial, without bias or judgement during the course of a study and in publishing results.

Society and culture _____. a. Could not exist without each other b. Are unrelated c. Are the same thing d. Could not exist together

a. Could not exist without each other

"Alienation" is defined by the text as: a. The condition in which the individual is isolated and divorced from his or her society, work, or sense of self. b. Social forces considered real which exist outside the individual. c. The act of defying social norms in favor of group unity. d. The strength of ties that people have to their social groups, was a key factor in social life.

a. The condition in which the individual is isolated and divorced from his or her society, work, or sense of self.

Katrina, age 5, and Sharon, age 4, love to play together while their mothers chat. Katrina has a toy iron and washing machine. She and Sharon spend hours "washing" and "ironing" her baby doll's clothes, just like they see their mothers do. Which of George Herbert Mead's stages of development are Katrina and Sharon exemplifying? a. The preparatory stage b. The play stage c. The game stage d. The "generalized other" stage

a. The preparatory stage

The term "Values" can be defined as: a. The tenets or convictions that people hold to be true. b. A culture's standard for discerning what's good and just in society. c. Scripture found within the Bible. d. Federal laws and regulations.

b. A culture's standard for discerning what's good and just in society.

A "Cultural Universal" is: a. An object or a belonging of a group. b. A pattern or trait common to all societies. c. the ideas, attitudes and beliefs of a particular society. d. A written document outlining appropriate behavior

b. A pattern or trait common to all societies.

Durkheim defined _____ as the communal beliefs, morals, and attitudes of a society. a. The iron cage b. Collective conscience c. Bourgeois d. Anomie

b. Collective conscience

"Sociology" is defined as the: a. Qualitative analysis of human phenomenon. b. Systematic study of society and social interaction. c. Quantitative analysis of social transgressions. d. theoretical examination of life's origins.

b. Systematic study of society and social interaction

_____ societies relied on permanent tools for survival, and explained due to innovations such as crop rotation and fertilizer. a. Industrial b. Feudal c. Agricultural d. Hunter-gatherer

c. Agricultural

Karl Marx asserted that the means of societal change existed in the tension between: a. the enslaved bourgeois reclaiming power from the controlling proletariat. b. The bourgeois struggling for the allocation of resources amongst themselves. c. The working class proletariat taking the means of production from the wealthy bourgeois. d. The proletariat fighting each other for a position within the bourgeois.

c. The working class proletariat taking the means of production from the wealthy bourgeois.

Which of the following is not a purpose of the American Sociological Association's code of ethics? a. To guarantee the safety of their participants. b. To maintain value neutrality. c. To ensure the financial gain of the researchers. d. To foster professionally responsible scholarship in sociology.

c. To ensure the financial gain of the researchers.

"Verstehen" is defined by the text as: a. To maintain a moral conscience. b. To compare and contrast social facts. c. To understand in a deep way. d. To require proof of interpretation.

c. To understand in a deep way.

Which of the following is NOT one of Marx's four types of alienation? a. Alienation from the product of one's labor. b. Alienation from one's self. c. Alienation from others. d. Alienation from one's religion.

d. Alienation from one's religion.

Karl Marx's "Communist Manifesto" is based on the ______ perspective. a. Functionalism b. Symbolic Interactionism c. Institutionalism d. Conflict Theory

d. Conflict Theory

Please define C. Wright Mill's "Sociological Imagination". a. the theory that man evolved slowly over time. b. The process of analyzing human behavior based solely on statistics. c. A series of interviews asking subjects about their sleep habits and dreams. d. How individuals understand their own and others' pasts in relation to history and social structure.

d. How individuals understand their own and others' pasts in relation to history and social structure.

Thomas wants to better understand the trends in literacy rates in Baltimore City over the past 50 years using Baltimore city data. What type of research should Thomas conduct? a. A survey b. Field research c. An experiment d. Secondary data analysis

d. Secondary data analysis

"Xenocentrism" is: a. The opposite of culture relativism b. The opposite of cultural universalism c. The same as cultural imperitivism d. The opposite of ethnocentrism

d. The opposite of ethnocentrism