SYG1000 Final Exam Study Guide Quiz Questions

Which number does the World Bank use to determine the status and classification of each nation? a) gross national income per capita b) organization for economic and cooperative development data c) gross domestic product d) purchasing power parity

a) gross national income per capita

What seems to be the key (although not the rule) to upward social mobility? a) how much education you have b) how well off your parents are c) how much you spend on your personal appearance d) how many jobs you work

a) how much education you have

Charlotte was born to a lower class family in rural Pennsylvania. After taking a job in the mail room of a large corporate office, Charlotte is slowly promoted through the ranks and becomes CEO of the company by the age of 50. Compared to her parents, Charlotte's story demonstrates what type of social stratification? a) intragenerational mobility b) downward mobility c) structural mobility d) intergenerational mobility

a) intragenerational mobility

Which trend has the World Bank seen in its study of poverty in low-income nations? a) more women live in poverty than men b) more women live in poverty than women c) children can avoid living in poverty if they live with their fathers d) equal numbers of men and women live in poverty

a) more women live in poverty than men

According to the social construction of race school of thought, race is: a) not biologically identifiable b) a product of the media c) based only on geographic regions d) no longer in existence

a) not biologically identifiable

Keshawn used to work for an IT company in Baltimore, but lost his job when his company decided to use workers in New Delhi instead. This is an example of: a) outsourcing b) automation c) the technology gap d) polarization

a) outsourcing

Corporal Punishment is another way of saying: a) spanking b) life in prison c) the death penalty d) white collar crime

a) spanking

Terrence and his family own a farm in a remote region of Chile. They farm only enough to produce enough food to feed the family, and pay their taxes. What are Terrence and his family engaging in? a) subsistence farming b) capitalistic farming c) capitalism d) mercantilism

a) subsistence farming

Max believes that most people's racial beliefs are based on images conveyed in popular media since many people never meet members of certain races for themselves. Max's perspective is: a) symbolic interactionist b) functionalist c) conflict theory d) feminist

a) symbolic interactionist

Biological determinism is: a) the belief that men and women behave differently due to differences in their biology b) an extreme or irrational aversion to homosexuals c) the prejudiced belief that one sex should be valued over another d) an individual's sense of being either masculine or feminine

a) the belief that men and women behave differently due to differences in their biology

In which part of the family life cycle, do sociologists point to as the most stressful time for a marriage? a) the birth of the first child b) the engagement period c) the first year of marriage d) the birth of the last child

a) the birth of the first child

The term doing gender can be defined as: a) when people perform tasks based upon the gender assigned to them by society and, in turn, themselves b) the refusal to participate in any tasks with gender-specific requirements c) dating a member of the same sex to make a political statement d) the prejudiced belief that one sex should be valued over another

a) when people perform tasks based upon the gender assigned to them by society and, in turn, themselves

Mohit spent his days combing through garbage in Mumbai, India with his brothers and sisters. Sometimes he would find food, or something to sell for money. He never tried to overcome his lower-class status because he had seen his friends try and fail. So, he accepted his fate, and tried to live life as best he could in a closed society. Mohit is an example of someone living under: a) a meritocracy b) a caste system c) a dictatorship d) an oligarchy

b) a caste system

What is the Kinsey Scale? a) an instructional manual explaining acceptable homosexual, heterosexual, and bisexual behavior b) a six-point rating system that ranges from exclusively heterosexual to exclusively homosexual orientation c) a religious test which classifies a person's ability to live as a heterosexual d) an in-depth guide to measure whether a loved one is homosexual or heterosexual

b) a six-point rating system that ranges from exclusively heterosexual to exclusively homosexual orientation

Areas that once had vast economic growth and large amounts of industry, but are now suffering from the effects of outsourcing are going through a period of: a) post-industrialization b) deindustrialization c) industrialization d) industrialization transition

b) deindustrialization

In 2008 the United States, as well as the rest of the world, felt the effects of the recession. After the collapse of the housing market, people lost their jobs and they quit spending money. Many people could not afford their mortgages anymore and their homes went into foreclosure. For many people, it was a time of __________. a) social stratification b) downward mobility c) horizontal mobility d) social inconsistency

b) downward mobility

Cedric's uncle believes that racism and discrimination have made a positive impact on society - but only in the lives of those who are members of the dominant group. Which sociological perspective is Cedric's uncle coming from? a) conflict theory b) functionalism c) feminism d) symbolic interactionism

b) functionalism

What was the significance of NAFTA? a) it encouraged trade with North Korea, which had previously been embargoed b) it allowed freer trade opportunities for the United States, Canada, and Mexico c) it restricted trade within North American countries by imposing a heavy tax and tariffs d) it forbade trade with any country that didn't use a capitalist government

b) it allowed freer trade opportunities for the United States, Canada, and Mexico

Which statement would you find in the analysis of poverty by Neckerman and Torche? a) people will take advantage of social welfare programs if you do not watch them carefully b) once poverty has entered a geographic location, it is very difficult to get rid of c) people living in poverty enjoy living in poverty d) people live in poverty because they are lazy and lack meaningful work

b) once poverty has entered a geographic location, it is very difficult to get rid of

When Maria married John, she moved to John's house which was adjacent to his parent's house. Her mother-in-law was always over giving Maria advice on everything from decorating to icing cakes. Maria lives in a: a) matrilocal residence b) patrilocal residence c) patridistant residence d) matridistant residence

b) patrilocal residence

The term discrimination is defined in the text as: a) the theory that prejudice is embedded in our culture b) prejudiced action against a group of people c) biased thought based on flawed assumptions about a group of people d) an expression of dissatisfaction with the justice system

b) prejudiced action against a group of people

What is one of the biggest challenges facing groups and organizations that try to prevent intimate partner violence (IPV)? a) IPV is not taken seriously by the court system b) most people do not know what IPV is c) IPV almost never happens, so it is difficult to locate and predict d) the victims of IPV do not report the abuse

d) the victims of IPV do not report the abuse

Watching television shows can be a good way to understand and study families because: a) they teach us how to think through the consequences of certain actions b) they teach us how to behave when parents get upset c) they teach us what the ideal family should look like d) they teach us how a family on screen can represent the values of the era in which they aired

d) they teach us how a family on screen can represent the values of the era in which they aired

True or false: A person's sex, as determined by his or her biology, does not always correspond with his or her gender.

true

Which group within the United States has been stereotyped as the model minority? a) The Asian American Community b) The African American Community c) The Arab American Community d) The Hispanic American Community

a) The Asian American Community

When Jeanette's parents find out her twin brother, Rex, has been sexually active, they tell him to use protection. When they found out Jeanette has been sexually active, they ground her for a month. This is an example of: a) a double standard b) a misunderstanding c) homophobia d) gender identity

a) a double standard

Elisa graduated from college with a double major and was inducted into the Phi Beta Kappa society. She was then offered a job in New York where she worked 12 hours a day and produced excellent results. Within two years she had over 100 employees working under her. Elisa's hard work was rewarded with a raise and a bonus. This form of promotion is based on the principles of: a) a meritocracy b) a closed stratification system c) a caste system d) a democracy

a) a meritocracy

The term sexual orientation can be defined as: a) a person's emotional and sexual attraction to a particular sex b) a term that refers to individuals who identify with the behaviors and characteristics that are opposite of their biological sex c) a phase which a person outgrows before entering heterosexuality d) a person's biological gender

a) a person's emotional and sexual attraction to a particular sex

Which of the following is not an example of underemployment? a) after his wife gave birth to twins, Jerry quit his job to help raise them b) after college graduation, Marcus could only find work part-time as a bartender c) following the recession, Ellen lost her fulltime job as a PR assistant and found part-time work as a cosmetic sales associate d) when John's sales job is outsourced he's forced to take work as a janitor to pay off his student loans

a) after his wife gave birth to twins, Jerry quit his job to help raise them

1967's Supreme Court case Loving v. Virginia, a case which legally allowed interracial marriage, is an example of: a) amalgamation b) racism c) stereotyping d) assimilation

a) amalgamation

The term mercantilism can best be defined as: a) an economic policy based on accumulating silver and gold by controlling colonial and foreign markets through taxes and other charges b) an economic system in which there is government ownership (often referred to as "state run") of goods and their production, with an impetus to share work and wealth equally among the members of a society c) an economic policy based on trade d) an economic system in which there is private ownership (as opposed to state ownership) and where there is an impetus to produce profit, and thereby wealth

a) an economic policy based on accumulating silver and gold by controlling colonial and foreign markets through taxes and other charges

The term xenophobia can best be defined as: a) an illogical fear and even hatred of foreigners and foreign goods b) a hatred of corporate America and the lobbying push c) a pronounced fear of globalization destroying one's job d) a marketing campaign aimed at foreign countries selling American goods

a) an illogical fear and even hatred of foreigners and foreign goods

Angela believes that race relations in America are poor because the white ruling class has enacted various laws and regulations to keep other racial groups from achieving equality. With which sociological perspective does Angela's view best align? a) conflict theory b) symbolic interactionism c) feminism d) functionalism

a) conflict theory

It was time for Oli to marry. He had finished school and was starting a job. His parents chose a bride for him whose parents had the same amount of wealth and belonged to the same class as they did. Oli and his bride will have a(n) _________ marriage. a) endogamous b) unconventional c) exogamous d) traditional

a) endogamous

What is the first agent of socialization? a) family b) friends c) school d) the law

a) family

Which of the following is an example of racial steering? a) the Trail of Tears, when the United States government forced Native Americans to permanently leave their homes and territory b) real estate agents directing white clients to look for housing in certain neighborhoods, and non-white clients to others c) Jose's parents not allowing him to date Martha because she is of a different race d) Kiki being told she'll be bad at math because she is a girl

b) real estate agents directing white clients to look for housing in certain neighborhoods, and non-white clients to others

Tasha believes that gender is about the division of labor in the family. In the pre-industrial era, men were the hunter-gatherers and bread-winners, and women were keepers of the home. After World War II, changes in the family structure allowed women to become breadwinners also, altering the roles of the family. From what sociological perspective do Tasha's thoughts come? a) conflict theory b) structural functionalism c) cyberfeminism d) symbolic interactionism

b) structural functionalism

What is the most significant threat to the relatively high standard of living people are accustomed to in the United States? a) the growth of the upper class b) the decline of the middle class c) the stagnation of wages for workers d) the feminization of poverty

b) the decline of the middle class

The term segregation is defined in the text as: a) the process by which a minority individual or group takes on the characteristics of the dominant culture b) the physical separation of two groups, particularly in residence, but also in workplace and social functions c) the deliberate annihilation of a targeted, usually subordinate, group d) the integration of diverse cultural concepts into a public school curriculum

b) the physical separation of two groups, particularly in residence, but also in workplace and social functions

Which factors do sociologists suspect were the cause for such a high divorce rate during the 1960's? a) the 1960's saw the birth of the zero-tolerance concept, which many men and women applied to their marriages, and which, many in society thought a great idea b) there was an increase in women working outside of the home, and also, greater social acceptance of divorce c) most people divorcing in the 1960's grew up during World War II and struggled to make the austerity of their childhood correlate with their more abundant and fruitful lifestyles in the 1960's d) men were granted more freedom and often allowed to work from home which put more strain on their marital relationships, and which also coincided with women becoming more educated and more aware of their legal rights

b) there was an increase in women working outside of the home, and also, greater social acceptance of divorce

Maria babysits as a form of income while she is in college. Because the amounts she gets per job are not huge, Maria never bothers to report her earnings to the IRS. Maria is a part of the _____________. a) under-paid economy b) underground economy c) under-reported economy d) under-earning economy

b) underground economy

The two regions with the highest risk of social unrest are: a) Europe and Africa b) South America and North America c) Sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East-North Africa region d) Latin America and Asia

c) Sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East-North Africa region

Émile Durkheim described mechanical solidarity as: a) a form of socialism under which individuals and cooperative groups exchange products with one another on the basis of mutually satisfactory contracts b) a form of social cohesion that arises out of the mutual interdependence created by the specialization of work c) a form of social cohesion that comes from sharing similar work, education, and religion, as might be found in simpler societies d) a practice where jobs are contracted to an outside source, often in another country

c) a form of social cohesion that comes from sharing similar work, education, and religion, as might be found in simpler societies

The term sexuality is defined by the text as: a) an individual's biological gender b) the repressed sexual inclinations of society as a whole c) a person's capacity for sexual feelings d) an individual's sense of being either masculine or feminine

c) a person's capacity for sexual feelings

88 million people live on less than $1.00 a day. These people are said to be living in _____________. a) subjective poverty b) marginal poverty c) absolute poverty d) relative poverty

c) absolute poverty

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was created by: a) third world countries b) middle-income countries c) core nation countries d) asian and american countries

c) core nation countries

Immanuel Wallerstein's classification of nations uses which set of terms? a) super powers, allies of super powers, enemies of super powers b) primary nation, secondary nation, tertiary nation c) core nation, peripheral nation, semi-peripheral nation d) first world, second world, third world

c) core nation, peripheral nation, semi-peripheral nation

An example of slavery, according to Anti-Slavery International, is: a) factories employing adults at salary level b) children playing with friends c) factories using child labor d) children attending school

c) factories using child labor

Why do sociologists find the study of family to be so important when trying to grasp the mores and norms of a culture? a) families are so isolated from society at large that they become tiny independent societies b) families tend to be apathetic towards culture whereas young unmarried people reinforce social rituals and ideologies c) families provide for each other as well as carry out and teach a particular culture to other members of the family d) families almost never reinforce the values of the society in which they live, and thus can bring about change without much effort

c) families provide for each other as well as carry out and teach a particular culture to other members of the family

Apple computers ship their computer parts to India to be made, and station their tech support in India. This is an example of a: a) xenophobia b) global commodity chain c) global assembly line d) decisive export

c) global assembly line

If you work with children, why is it important to be ever vigilant for any signs of child abuse? a) the child being abused may need extra help with focusing, learning, and concentrating b) the child being abused may be made fun of by his or her peers, which may cause more emotional distress c) most reports of child abuse come from non-relative adults who interact with the child d) Social Services will sue you if you miss any sign of child abuse

c) most reports of child abuse come from non-relative adults who interact with the child

Peggy accepts a job offer as an advertising copywriter. Her boss immediately assigns her campaigns for products such as makeup and cleaning products. Peggy asks for different clients, but her boss tells her she should stick to what she and "her kind" know best. Peggy is experiencing: a) homophobia b) sexual orientation c) sexism d) masochism

c) sexism

One main issue in studying global social inequality is: a) the presence of tourism can make a country look richer than it really is b) most people live beyond their means which gives a false sense of wealth to a society c) social inequality is relative and therefore, difficult to compare across cultures d) most countries keep their economic situations secret

c) social inequality is relative and therefore, difficult to compare across cultures

Family is a term that is difficult to define. When studying sociology it is important to remember that: a) sociologists only consider people who live in the same household to be a family b) sociologists only consider traditional marriage as a requirement to be a family c) sociologists try to keep the definition open to encompass all types of people who are emotionally close to each other d) sociologist try to keep the definition open so that people who walk by each other on the street are a family

c) sociologists try to keep the definition open to encompass all types of people who are emotionally close to each other

In the United States, which race would be considered the dominant group? a) hispanic b) black c) white d) asian

c) white

In the United States, where outsourcing is almost always addressed negatively, companies still get away with outsourcing. How do they do this? a) companies find that the many U.S. restrictions on manufacturing can seriously disrupt production, which leads to profit loss, which in turn results in outsourcing b) deindusrialization, also caused by outsourcing, is better for the environment, so Americans are in favor of it c) capital flight, caused by outsourcing, helps local economies thrive, so Americans are willing to make the trade off d) Americans want lower prices for their consumable products, and the only way for companies to deliver those low prices is to outsource the work to cheaper laborers

d) Americans want lower prices for their consumable products, and the only way for companies to deliver those low prices is to outsource the work to cheaper laborers

What is one reason unemployment statistics are unreliable? a) different states define unemployment in different ways b) those surveyed frequently lie about their employment status c) the government only surveys those who have been out of work for a year or more d) the statistics include only those who are currently looking for work

d) the statistics include only those who are currently looking for work

Polygyny is: a) a woman who is married to more than one man at the same time b) a person who is married to only one person at a time c) a person who is married to more than one person at the same time d) a man who is married to more than one woman at the same time

d) a man who is married to more than one woman at the same time

Which factor is considered when evaluating someone's standard of living? a) class b) employment c) income d) all of these

d) all of these

Davis is low on cash, but really wants an electric guitar. He offers to trade his acoustic guitar, for his friend Bill's electric guitar. Davis is engaging in: a) mercantilism b) capitalism c) supply and demand d) bartering

d) bartering

Hope is desperate for the new designer purse that she saw while window shopping at her local mall. She knew every girl in school would covet her bag and wish to be like her. When she walked in, she whipped out her credit card, and purchased the $5,000 bag. This kind of purchasing is called: a) popular consumerism b) designer consumerism c) credit card consumerism d) conspicuous consumption

d) conspicuous consumption

If you consider the University of Virginia's National Marriage Project, what can be concluded from their study? a) counseling is an important foundation for a successful marriage b) children are an important foundation for a successful marriage c) love is an important foundation for a successful marriage d) finances are an important foundation for a successful marriage

d) finances are an important foundation for a successful marriage

Which is one reason that sociologist cite to explain why men and women are delaying marriage until their mid-to-late twenties? a) most people in the Millennial generation are caring for their aging parents and do not have time for long term, serious relationships b) most men spend at least a year traveling the world to get a better understanding of the world, and consequently, don't want to be tied down by a wife c) many women fear having children too early and, consequently, having to give up a good career d) many young people place education and career higher than marriage on their list of priorities

d) many young people place education and career higher than marriage on their list of priorities

What is the difference between sex and gender? a) sex is the extent to which one identifies as being either masculine or feminine, gender is biological characterization of anatomy b) sex refers to who a person is sexually attracted to, and gender refers to whom a person chooses to partner with c) sex refers to sexual orientation, and gender refers to physical or physiological differences between males and females d) sex refers to physical or physiological differences between males and females, while gender is the extent to which one identifies as being either masculine or feminine

d) sex refers to physical or physiological differences between males and females, while gender is the extent to which one identifies as being either masculine or feminine

Jenny is given a doll for 2nd birthday, while her brother, Tyrone, is given a fire truck. This is an example of gender: a) stratification b) indiffference c) bending d) socialization

d) socialization

Which of the following is an example of polarization? a) unemployment is down for those with PhDs and those without a high school education. b) the recession has encouraged many workers to earn their associate degrees c) a professional career is guaranteed after earning a college degree d) the job market is increasing in the lowest economic levels, and is increasing in the highest economic levels

d) the job market is increasing in the lowest economic levels, and is increasing in the highest economic levels

The term assimilation is defined by the text as: a) the theory that prejudice is embedded in our culture b) the act of singling out an individual because of his or her race c) when a dominant group forces a subordinate group to leave a certain area or even the country d) the process by which a minority individual or group takes on the characteristics of the dominant culture

d) the process by which a minority individual or group takes on the characteristics of the dominant culture

GNI PPP, or gross national income divided by purchasing power parity, helps measure: a) the average global interest rates for loans b) the average level of education per person in a country c) the amount of inflation affecting a country's currency d) the standard of living in a country

d) the standard of living in a country

Child labor and sweatshops have existed since the Industrial Revolution and even before that. Many products sold today are created in these sweatshops, even though, living in the 21st century, we like to think we are above such practices. What is one practical way we can try and stop multinational companies from using such labor? a) we can trust that CEOs and the members of the board of the companies will do the right thing b) we can justify such practices because they are legal in other countries c) we can ignore the problem because it will eventually go away d) we can be responsible consumers and research products before buying them

d) we can be responsible consumers and research products before buying them

A person's position in a country's social stratification is determined by: a) prestige, family, legal records, occupation, and favorite food b) clothes, accessories, hobbies, shoes, and number of credit cards c) GNI, PPP, GDP, GNI, the PRB, and the standards of living d) wealth, power, income, race, education

d) wealth, power, income, race, education

Which of the following best defines the term globalization? a) the process of integrating governments, cultures, and financial markets through international trade into a single world market b) long periods of recession followed by sharp economic upturn worldwide c) the process of removing manufacturing and industrial sites from foreign countries and returning them to the United States d) when products are assembled over the course of several international transactions

d) when products are assembled over the course of several international transactions

When Alexander, who is white, drives his car over the speed limit, a police officer lets him off with a warning. When Christopher, who is Hispanic, drives his car at the same speed as Alexander on the same road, the officer gives him a ticket, even though his record is clean. This is an example of: a) intersection theory b) affirmative action c) the social construction of race d) white privilege

d) white privilege