Bio 1030

Homeostasis is _____.

the maintenance of internal conditions within certain limits

In a group of water molecules, hydrogen bonds form between _____.

the oxygen atom in one molecule and a hydrogen atom in another molecule

Which of the following elements are commonly found in living organisms?

Oxygen,Nitrogen, Hydrogen, Carbon

The correct way to write the scientific name of the garden pea is _____.

Pisum sativum

A liquid with a pH of 4 is __ and has a ___ concentration of hydrogen ions.

acidic, high

A certain cell has a dense nucleoid region, ribosomes, but no membrane-enclosed organelles. Based on this information, it could be __________.

an archaean

Cells that do NOT produce cell walls are:

animal cells

Lipids differ from other large biological molecules in that they _____.

are not truly polymers

The function of the chloroplast is to _____.

convert light energy to chemical energy

For most atoms, a stable configuration of electrons is attained when the atom __________.

has a completely filled outermost shell

Which of the following correctly matches an organelle with its function? The __________ functions in __________.

lysosome ... recycling of damaged organelles

The internal skeleton of a cell is composed of _____.

microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments

Which of the following is a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

synthesizing receptor proteins

A full electron shell might have __ electrons.

2,8

Which of the following molecules is a carbohydrate?

C50H100O50

Pure water has a pH of 7, but some cases of acid precipitation have been recorded with a pH close to 3. This means that acid rain has a concentration of hydrogen ions that is _____ times the hydrogen ion concentration of pure water.

10,000

Which statement best describes the relationship between a tissue and an organ system?

An organ system includes tissues.

Why are bonds important to biological systems?

Bonds are one form of energy storage in biological systems. Bonds determine the shape of the molecule. Having the right shape influences the function of many molecules.

Which of the following statements about carbon skeletons is true?

Carbon skeletons may be arranged in rings.

An amino acid is so named because its central carbon is linked to both an amino group and a __________.

Carboxyl group

What is the letter pairing for DNA and RNA?

DNA: A-T, C-G RNA: A-U, C-G

all cells have__ but only Eukaryotic cells have__.

DNA; a nuclear membrane

Which statement about evolution is true?

Evolution can result in adaptations.

Isomers have the same chemical activities, but different chemical formulas.

False, Isomers have different chemical activities even though they have the same component atoms (and, therefore, the same chemical formulas) because those atoms are arranged within the molecule differently.

The nucleolus __________.

Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes

Eukaryotic organisms that decompose dead organisms and absorb the nutrients are generally found in which kingdom?

Fungi

Which group is within the domain Eukarya?

Fungi

After being formed by the ribosomes located on the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER), what is the next organelle to which a protein could be transported?

Golgi apparatus

What is consistent with Darwin's theory of natural selection?

Individuals in a population exhibit variations, some of which are passed from parents to offspring. Factors in the environment result in some organisms having better reproductive success than others. Natural selection can lead to the appearance of new species.

Which is the most inclusive category of taxonomy?

Phylum Phylum is the most inclusive (i.e., includes more types of organisms) of all the groups in this question. Only Domains and Kingdoms are more inclusive.

In which of the following kingdoms can most multicellular photosynthetic organisms be found?

Plante

What is the scientific term for a group of interacting individuals of the same type, living in the same area at the same time?

Population

Which is a true statement about ribosomes?

Ribosomal subunits leave the nucleus after being formed by the nucleolus.

What would happen if an ecosystem lacked decomposers?

The ecosystem would stop functioning.

One function of the central vacuole in plant cells is facilitating cell growth: the central vacuole absorbs water and increases in size, expanding the volume and size of the plant cell while doing so. Animal cells, however, do not grow by this method. What is an essential difference between animal and plant cells that could explain how a plant cell can withstand this expansion of the central vacuole?

The plant cell wall provides a more rigid structure

A pyrimidine found in DNA is

Thymine

An organism's adaptations to its environment are not necessarily perfect. They can be "good enough."

True

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are able to reproduce independently from the division of the cell.

True

lipid fats that contain double bonds between some of their carbons on one of the fatty acid chains are called

Unsaturated fats

A peptide bond is formed through a __________.

a dehydration reaction between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of a second amino acid

The component parts of a nucleotide that is in a molecule of DNA includes

a deoxyribose (5-carbon sugar), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

Which type of cytoskeletal protein is also involved in muscle contractions?

actin

Functional groups determine __ of large organic macromolecules.

activity, polarity, and shape

The great diversity of life's shapes is the result of _____.

adaptations to different environments and descent from a common ancestor

The useable form of energy in cells is called __.

adenosine triphosphate

Proteins are made when ___ go through ___.

amino acids, dehydration synthesis

Ionic bonds are an interaction between ___ and ___ which have exchanged __.

anions; cations; electrons

Although the structures of the functional groups important to life vary in chemical structure, most share one thing in common: They _____.

are mostly hydrophilic and increase the organic compound's water solubility

Sodium chloride (NaCl) dissolves in water because water molecules _____.

are polar Polar water molecules surround the individual ions, separating the sodium from the chloride and shielding the ions from one another.

Natural selection requires _____.

both heritable variation and differential reproductive success

Mitochondria are found in _____.

both plant cells and animal cells

Hydrolysis __ to ___ monomers in macromolecules.

breaks apart water, break apart Hydrolysis means "water split" and breaks a water molecule apart to separate monomers within a polymer by adding a hydroxyl group to one monomer and a hydrogen to the other.

Many researchers think that the first eukaryotic cells obtained energy for life-sustaining functions from organic compounds. Given this information, which of the following organelles most likely appeared last in eukaryotic cells?

chloroplast

What mitochondrial feature enhances cellular respiration?

cristae

The reaction that joins two monomers to form a polymer is known as a _____ reaction. The molecule of water formed is due to the interaction between _____ and a hydrogen ion.

dehydration ... a hydroxyl group

Which of the following are stored in the lysosomes of the cell?

digestive enzymes

What is an acid? An acid _____.

donates hydrogen ions to solutions As an acid dissociates, it releases hydrogen ions. An increase in the hydrogen ion concentration decreases the pH of the solution.

At higher levels of biological organization in living systems, new _________ are determined with unique characteristics governed by chemical and physical interactions of the components within those living systems.

emergent properties

The theory that accounts for the differences that divide and the unity that joins all living things is the theory of _____ .

evolution

Which of the following components is external to the plasma membrane?

extracellular matrix

Water can resist temperature change because _____.

heating water absorbs energy by disrupting the hydrogen bonds before evaporation can occur

the function group with hydrogen bonded to an oxygen is a

hydroxyl group

When the proton number and electron number are unequal, the atom or molecule _____.

is an ion

Eukaryotes chromosomes

linear

Dehydration reactions __________. They do so by __________.

link monomers to form a polymer; removing a water molecule

Cholesterol belongs to which class of molecules?

lipids

Which of the following organelles is found only in animal cells and NOT in most plant cells?

lysosome

Mitochondria appear in the greatest numbers in cells that are _____.

metabolically active

The protein actin is a component of a(n) __________.

microfilament

Which of the following is NOT a part of the endomembrane system?

mitochondria

The type of molecules that are hydrophobic are ___.

non-polar

The membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum are continuous with the membranes of the __________.

nuclear envelope

The following are part of a nucleotide

pentose sugar nitrogen containing base phosphate group

The innermost layer of prokaryotic cells' cellular envelope is the_____.

plasma membrane

In plants, __________ are the cell junctions that allow the free exchange of small molecules that assist in communication. In animal cells, similar cell junctions are known as __________.

plasmodesmata ... gap junctions

Water's molecule is held together by which kind of bond?

polar covalent bond

Cellulose is a _____ made of many _____.

polymer ... glucose molecules

DNA carries the instructions for building _____, and these instructions are found in informational units called _____.

polypeptides ... genes

The structural level of a protein least affected by a disruption in hydrogen bonding is the __.

primary level (1)

Which of the following processes occurs in BOTH eukaryotic and bacterial cells?

reproduction, uptake of energy from their surroundings, regulation of cell function by changes in the activity of genes

Which of the following structure(s) is/are found in prokaryotic cells?

ribosomes

Which of the following help direct the movement of materials or organelles throughout the cell?

rough endoplasmic reticulum cytoskeleton smooth endoplasmic reticulum

You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to _____.

secrete a lot of material

Pancreatic cells produce large amounts of protein. About how many ribosomes would you expect there to be in a pancreatic cell?

several million

In water, the oxygen atom tends to have a __ while the hydrogen has a __.

slightly negative, slightly positive

Which tissue would likely contain large amounts of anchoring junctions?

stomach tissue

Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates (as a group of macromolecules)?

structural support

The three-domain system

subdivides the prokaryotes into two different domains.

The plasma membrane would fit into which general function category?

support, movement, and communication

The peptide bond that links the monomers in proteins forms between which of the following?

the carbon of the amino group and nitrogen of the carboxyl group

As we respire, we release CO2. The carbon in this CO2 is obtained from __________.

the food we eat

A general principle with a lot of supporting evidence is?

theory

When two monosaccharides link to form a disaccharide, the by-product is __________.

water

If an experiment is done to see if a dietary supplement affects the weight gain of chickens, what variables need to be controlled?

where the chickens are kept, the availability of water, and the temperature of the surroundings

An experiment is done to see if eating breakfast affects students' performance on exams. The experimental variable is _____.

whether the student has breakfast or not

If I told you a particular sugar had 24 hydrogen atoms, how many carbon atoms would it have?

12 All carbohydrates have the ratio of 1 carbon for every 2 hydrogens and 1 oxygen.

All proteins can be made from varying combinations of ___________amino acids.

20

Which of the following statements accurately describes a typical gene?

A gene is a segment of DNA that directs the synthesis of a specific protein

What is an example of a community?

All organisms in the savannah

Drug-resistant tuberculosis is a major health issue in many countries. Treatment for these resistant forms of bacteria is longer and requires more expensive antibiotics. Scientists attribute this to natural selection. Under these circumstances, what does natural selection mean?

An environment was created in which the tuberculosis bacterium carrying the antibiotic-resistant genes had an increased likelihood of survival and reproduction.

All the organisms classified in the Domain ______ are _________.

Archaea; Singled cell Domain Eubacteria & Archaea have only single celled organisms.

What is true about ecosystems?

Carbon cycles from the atmosphere through organisms and back to the atmosphere. Energy of sunlight is converted to energy stored in sugar molecules. Most energy that enters the ecosystem leaves the system as heat.

Which statement about genetics is true?

Differences among organisms reflect different nucleotide sequences in their DNA.

What do the rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes have in common?

They are constructed of interrelated membranes.

A pesticide kills 95% of a pest population. What will be the result of the continued application of this pesticide?

Through time, the pesticide will become less effective at killing the pest. As a result of the application of the pesticide, those individuals that are resistant will have greater reproductive success than individuals that are sensitive to the pesticide.

Which of the following is an example of an emergent property?

When gears and other structures are assembled into a bicycle, the entire assembly can propel the rider.

In a hydrolysis reaction, __________. In this process, water is __________.

a polymer breaks up to form monomers ... consumed

asal bodies are most closely associated with which of the following cell components?

cilia

Which of the following bonds are arranged from strongest to weakest in a biological system?

covalent, ionic, hydrogen

Because the molecules of water are farther apart in ice than in liquid water, _____.

ice floats

Life is organized in a hierarchical fashion. Which sequence correctly lists that hierarchy from least inclusive to most inclusive?

molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem