Bio 1030
Homeostasis is _____.
the maintenance of internal conditions within certain limits
In a group of water molecules, hydrogen bonds form between _____.
the oxygen atom in one molecule and a hydrogen atom in another molecule
Which of the following elements are commonly found in living organisms?
Oxygen,Nitrogen, Hydrogen, Carbon
The correct way to write the scientific name of the garden pea is _____.
Pisum sativum
A liquid with a pH of 4 is __ and has a ___ concentration of hydrogen ions.
acidic, high
A certain cell has a dense nucleoid region, ribosomes, but no membrane-enclosed organelles. Based on this information, it could be __________.
an archaean
Cells that do NOT produce cell walls are:
animal cells
Lipids differ from other large biological molecules in that they _____.
are not truly polymers
The function of the chloroplast is to _____.
convert light energy to chemical energy
For most atoms, a stable configuration of electrons is attained when the atom __________.
has a completely filled outermost shell
Which of the following correctly matches an organelle with its function? The __________ functions in __________.
lysosome ... recycling of damaged organelles
The internal skeleton of a cell is composed of _____.
microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments
Which of the following is a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
synthesizing receptor proteins
A full electron shell might have __ electrons.
2,8
Which of the following molecules is a carbohydrate?
C50H100O50
Pure water has a pH of 7, but some cases of acid precipitation have been recorded with a pH close to 3. This means that acid rain has a concentration of hydrogen ions that is _____ times the hydrogen ion concentration of pure water.
10,000
Which statement best describes the relationship between a tissue and an organ system?
An organ system includes tissues.
Why are bonds important to biological systems?
Bonds are one form of energy storage in biological systems. Bonds determine the shape of the molecule. Having the right shape influences the function of many molecules.
Which of the following statements about carbon skeletons is true?
Carbon skeletons may be arranged in rings.
An amino acid is so named because its central carbon is linked to both an amino group and a __________.
Carboxyl group
What is the letter pairing for DNA and RNA?
DNA: A-T, C-G RNA: A-U, C-G
all cells have__ but only Eukaryotic cells have__.
DNA; a nuclear membrane
Which statement about evolution is true?
Evolution can result in adaptations.
Isomers have the same chemical activities, but different chemical formulas.
False, Isomers have different chemical activities even though they have the same component atoms (and, therefore, the same chemical formulas) because those atoms are arranged within the molecule differently.
The nucleolus __________.
Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes
Eukaryotic organisms that decompose dead organisms and absorb the nutrients are generally found in which kingdom?
Fungi
Which group is within the domain Eukarya?
Fungi
After being formed by the ribosomes located on the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER), what is the next organelle to which a protein could be transported?
Golgi apparatus
What is consistent with Darwin's theory of natural selection?
Individuals in a population exhibit variations, some of which are passed from parents to offspring. Factors in the environment result in some organisms having better reproductive success than others. Natural selection can lead to the appearance of new species.
Which is the most inclusive category of taxonomy?
Phylum Phylum is the most inclusive (i.e., includes more types of organisms) of all the groups in this question. Only Domains and Kingdoms are more inclusive.
In which of the following kingdoms can most multicellular photosynthetic organisms be found?
Plante
What is the scientific term for a group of interacting individuals of the same type, living in the same area at the same time?
Population
Which is a true statement about ribosomes?
Ribosomal subunits leave the nucleus after being formed by the nucleolus.
What would happen if an ecosystem lacked decomposers?
The ecosystem would stop functioning.
One function of the central vacuole in plant cells is facilitating cell growth: the central vacuole absorbs water and increases in size, expanding the volume and size of the plant cell while doing so. Animal cells, however, do not grow by this method. What is an essential difference between animal and plant cells that could explain how a plant cell can withstand this expansion of the central vacuole?
The plant cell wall provides a more rigid structure
A pyrimidine found in DNA is
Thymine
An organism's adaptations to its environment are not necessarily perfect. They can be "good enough."
True
Mitochondria and chloroplasts are able to reproduce independently from the division of the cell.
True
lipid fats that contain double bonds between some of their carbons on one of the fatty acid chains are called
Unsaturated fats
A peptide bond is formed through a __________.
a dehydration reaction between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of a second amino acid
The component parts of a nucleotide that is in a molecule of DNA includes
a deoxyribose (5-carbon sugar), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
Which type of cytoskeletal protein is also involved in muscle contractions?
actin
Functional groups determine __ of large organic macromolecules.
activity, polarity, and shape
The great diversity of life's shapes is the result of _____.
adaptations to different environments and descent from a common ancestor
The useable form of energy in cells is called __.
adenosine triphosphate
Proteins are made when ___ go through ___.
amino acids, dehydration synthesis
Ionic bonds are an interaction between ___ and ___ which have exchanged __.
anions; cations; electrons
Although the structures of the functional groups important to life vary in chemical structure, most share one thing in common: They _____.
are mostly hydrophilic and increase the organic compound's water solubility
Sodium chloride (NaCl) dissolves in water because water molecules _____.
are polar Polar water molecules surround the individual ions, separating the sodium from the chloride and shielding the ions from one another.
Natural selection requires _____.
both heritable variation and differential reproductive success
Mitochondria are found in _____.
both plant cells and animal cells
Hydrolysis __ to ___ monomers in macromolecules.
breaks apart water, break apart Hydrolysis means "water split" and breaks a water molecule apart to separate monomers within a polymer by adding a hydroxyl group to one monomer and a hydrogen to the other.
Many researchers think that the first eukaryotic cells obtained energy for life-sustaining functions from organic compounds. Given this information, which of the following organelles most likely appeared last in eukaryotic cells?
chloroplast
What mitochondrial feature enhances cellular respiration?
cristae
The reaction that joins two monomers to form a polymer is known as a _____ reaction. The molecule of water formed is due to the interaction between _____ and a hydrogen ion.
dehydration ... a hydroxyl group
Which of the following are stored in the lysosomes of the cell?
digestive enzymes
What is an acid? An acid _____.
donates hydrogen ions to solutions As an acid dissociates, it releases hydrogen ions. An increase in the hydrogen ion concentration decreases the pH of the solution.
At higher levels of biological organization in living systems, new _________ are determined with unique characteristics governed by chemical and physical interactions of the components within those living systems.
emergent properties
The theory that accounts for the differences that divide and the unity that joins all living things is the theory of _____ .
evolution
Which of the following components is external to the plasma membrane?
extracellular matrix
Water can resist temperature change because _____.
heating water absorbs energy by disrupting the hydrogen bonds before evaporation can occur
the function group with hydrogen bonded to an oxygen is a
hydroxyl group
When the proton number and electron number are unequal, the atom or molecule _____.
is an ion
Eukaryotes chromosomes
linear
Dehydration reactions __________. They do so by __________.
link monomers to form a polymer; removing a water molecule
Cholesterol belongs to which class of molecules?
lipids
Which of the following organelles is found only in animal cells and NOT in most plant cells?
lysosome
Mitochondria appear in the greatest numbers in cells that are _____.
metabolically active
The protein actin is a component of a(n) __________.
microfilament
Which of the following is NOT a part of the endomembrane system?
mitochondria
The type of molecules that are hydrophobic are ___.
non-polar
The membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum are continuous with the membranes of the __________.
nuclear envelope
The following are part of a nucleotide
pentose sugar nitrogen containing base phosphate group
The innermost layer of prokaryotic cells' cellular envelope is the_____.
plasma membrane
In plants, __________ are the cell junctions that allow the free exchange of small molecules that assist in communication. In animal cells, similar cell junctions are known as __________.
plasmodesmata ... gap junctions
Water's molecule is held together by which kind of bond?
polar covalent bond
Cellulose is a _____ made of many _____.
polymer ... glucose molecules
DNA carries the instructions for building _____, and these instructions are found in informational units called _____.
polypeptides ... genes
The structural level of a protein least affected by a disruption in hydrogen bonding is the __.
primary level (1)
Which of the following processes occurs in BOTH eukaryotic and bacterial cells?
reproduction, uptake of energy from their surroundings, regulation of cell function by changes in the activity of genes
Which of the following structure(s) is/are found in prokaryotic cells?
ribosomes
Which of the following help direct the movement of materials or organelles throughout the cell?
rough endoplasmic reticulum cytoskeleton smooth endoplasmic reticulum
You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to _____.
secrete a lot of material
Pancreatic cells produce large amounts of protein. About how many ribosomes would you expect there to be in a pancreatic cell?
several million
In water, the oxygen atom tends to have a __ while the hydrogen has a __.
slightly negative, slightly positive
Which tissue would likely contain large amounts of anchoring junctions?
stomach tissue
Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates (as a group of macromolecules)?
structural support
The three-domain system
subdivides the prokaryotes into two different domains.
The plasma membrane would fit into which general function category?
support, movement, and communication
The peptide bond that links the monomers in proteins forms between which of the following?
the carbon of the amino group and nitrogen of the carboxyl group
As we respire, we release CO2. The carbon in this CO2 is obtained from __________.
the food we eat
A general principle with a lot of supporting evidence is?
theory
When two monosaccharides link to form a disaccharide, the by-product is __________.
water
If an experiment is done to see if a dietary supplement affects the weight gain of chickens, what variables need to be controlled?
where the chickens are kept, the availability of water, and the temperature of the surroundings
An experiment is done to see if eating breakfast affects students' performance on exams. The experimental variable is _____.
whether the student has breakfast or not
If I told you a particular sugar had 24 hydrogen atoms, how many carbon atoms would it have?
12 All carbohydrates have the ratio of 1 carbon for every 2 hydrogens and 1 oxygen.
All proteins can be made from varying combinations of ___________amino acids.
20
Which of the following statements accurately describes a typical gene?
A gene is a segment of DNA that directs the synthesis of a specific protein
What is an example of a community?
All organisms in the savannah
Drug-resistant tuberculosis is a major health issue in many countries. Treatment for these resistant forms of bacteria is longer and requires more expensive antibiotics. Scientists attribute this to natural selection. Under these circumstances, what does natural selection mean?
An environment was created in which the tuberculosis bacterium carrying the antibiotic-resistant genes had an increased likelihood of survival and reproduction.
All the organisms classified in the Domain ______ are _________.
Archaea; Singled cell Domain Eubacteria & Archaea have only single celled organisms.
What is true about ecosystems?
Carbon cycles from the atmosphere through organisms and back to the atmosphere. Energy of sunlight is converted to energy stored in sugar molecules. Most energy that enters the ecosystem leaves the system as heat.
Which statement about genetics is true?
Differences among organisms reflect different nucleotide sequences in their DNA.
What do the rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes have in common?
They are constructed of interrelated membranes.
A pesticide kills 95% of a pest population. What will be the result of the continued application of this pesticide?
Through time, the pesticide will become less effective at killing the pest. As a result of the application of the pesticide, those individuals that are resistant will have greater reproductive success than individuals that are sensitive to the pesticide.
Which of the following is an example of an emergent property?
When gears and other structures are assembled into a bicycle, the entire assembly can propel the rider.
In a hydrolysis reaction, __________. In this process, water is __________.
a polymer breaks up to form monomers ... consumed
asal bodies are most closely associated with which of the following cell components?
cilia
Which of the following bonds are arranged from strongest to weakest in a biological system?
covalent, ionic, hydrogen
Because the molecules of water are farther apart in ice than in liquid water, _____.
ice floats
Life is organized in a hierarchical fashion. Which sequence correctly lists that hierarchy from least inclusive to most inclusive?
molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem