Systems and Cell Transport

what is tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion?

reabsorption- most of filtrate's water and solutes move out across nephron's wall and into peritubular capillaries. secretion-cell membrane accepts solutes from capillaries then secretes them into nephron

other transport in the Circulatory system?

-oxygen diffuses from the blood stream into body cells -CO2 diffuses from the body cells into the blood stream

How does some white blood cells use a certain type of transport to kill attacking bacteria?

phagocytosis is a form of endocytosis

What type of cell-membrane transport is filtration similar to?

Facilitated diffusion

Explain how gas exchange takes place at the cellular level. What prevents gas from being exchanged at non-optimal places?

Gas exchange takes place occurs in the capillaries.

What are the two major types of ions that cross the neuron membrane via cell membrane pump?

cations (+) and anions (-). ex. sodium and potassium (cations) ions cross neuron membranes.

What is the function, structure, and location of alveoli?

grape-like clusters of tiny air sacs at the end of each bronchi. there is diffusion in the alveoli.

How does air get into the lungs? What is involved in getting oxygen to the rest of the body?

mouth to pharynx, epiglotis and Larynx to trachea to lungs to bronchi to alveoli

Explain how gas exchange takes place in the lungs at the alveolar level?

oxygen diffusion into the body--> oxygen travels into capillaries where it enters the bloodstream, blood flows into veins, then to heart, arteries, capillaries, body cells (where the oxygen is needed), replaced with carbon dioxide. carbon dioxide diffusion out of the body--> pumped back into heart. diffused through capillaries back into the alveoli. air is exhaled out of the body.

What is the role of the diaphragm?

this muscle contracts moving down and flattening out. air is forced into the lungs. diaphragm relaxes back to its originial position.