Taxonomy
Which division of the plant kingdom includes the ferns?
Pteridopsida
A subjective piece of information depends more on _____; an objective piece of information depends more on ________ .
a scientist's feelings actual observations
An organism which is capable of moving around its environment is considered to be
an animal
When a system of classification is based on observation of a predetermined set of factors, it is called:
an artificial system
A natural taxonomic system currently in use attempts to show:
ancestry of organisms family trees genetic relationships evolutionary descent
The science of controlling or improving certain features of livestock through genetic breeding programs.
animal husbandry
The science of research and study of artifacts and ancient cultures.
archaeology
In taxonomy, a classification plan based on grouping by certain outstanding features of a plant or animal.
artificial system
Which statements are correct concerning the creation model:
basic kinds of life forms were created by the direct act of God basic life forms continued to reproduce their own kind within limits of variation
Why have the gaps among existing organisms as well as the fossil records remained after hundreds of years of research?
because distinct populations of living things exist due to barriers to reproductive change because fossils may be classified into distinct taxa due to the persistence of gaps
The biblical concepts concerning creation:
conform to established scientific laws
A model of origins based on scientific evidence which supports the biblical account
creation
The word which means to cut into two parts is
dichotomous
A two-choice sorting device used in taxonomy to identify taxa, genus species, or common names of plant or animal specimens.
dichotomous key
Plants or animals selected or sorted from others on the basis of certain features which are salable. Food and clothing, plants and animals are bought, sold, and traded.
economic uses
A model of origins based on a theory of random natural processes
evolution
A model of origins based on the theory that random natural processes produced the first "living" cell from nonliving chemicals. From this starting point organisms have increased in complexity and variety.
evolution
A kingdom may be subdivided into only one Phylum.
false
A person seeking the truth will never be able to examine enough evidence to support the creation model.
false
All organisms classified in the Plantae Kingdom obtain their food by photosynthesis.
false
All taxonomic systems of classification use five kingdoms.
false
Taxonomy is a rigorous, objective science.
false
The creation and evolutionary models both use the same time frame.
false
The exact boundaries, limitations, and meaning of species is now known and agreed upon universally.
false
The fossil record proves the creation model beyond doubt.
false
The science of taxonomy is a recent development.
false
Variation of life forms has been shown to develop over several different time periods, according to the fossil record.
false
An "Order" may be subdivided into (consist of) several:
families
A taxonomic category containing a group of similar genera. Between the taxa of order and genus.
family
An interpretation of scientists and Bible scholars from medieval times to the 1800's that there is no change of any kind, no variation within populations. Each kind of living thing has some ideal model to which all other living things of the same kind more or less correspond.
fixity of species
Linnaeus classified plants according to their
flower
In binomial nomenclature, the genus functions as the ______ , and the species functions as the ____.
generic name species name
When Moses recorded the Book of _____ , workable principles of taxonomy and genetics had not been developed.
genesis
Genesis speaks of parents producing offspring "after its own kind." This refers to the science of
genetics
The science of heredity; how different characteristics are transmitted from parents to their offspring.
genetics
Two practices which have helped in the development of understanding the variations within "kinds" of living things are animal husbandry and
genetics
A taxonomic category containing a group of similar species, occurring between the taxa of family and species. The genus is the first name of the scientific name.
genus
Common names given to organisms may be useful locally, but may become meaningless on a
global basis
Computerized analysis of the "Lucy" type fossil has:
helped to add objectivity to the classification of fossil taxa
Sphenopsida is a division that includes which plant?
horsetails
A group of living things with certain similar characteristics. Dogs and horses are kinds of living things.
kind
If the theory of evolution were true, there would be records of observable changes between the basic ___ of organisms.
kinds
Complete the summary of the creation model. Basic ____ of life forms were created by God. These organisms have consistently _____ from their own kind within _______ of variations.
kinds reproduces boundaries
The largest taxonomic category.
kingdom
Which of the following is the largest taxonomic category?
kingdom
The Swedish botanist who made the greatest contributions to taxonomy was
linnaeus
The currently used binomial nomenclature was developed by
linnaeus
What is meant by "gaps" within living things or fossils?
missing links a distinct and obvious lack of transition between all higher levels of taxa
There are _______ animal species than plant species.
more
The form or appearance of an organism. The collection of physical characteristics and the structure which make up an organism. A basis for species definition.
morphology
Which of the two methods for determining the species taxon would involve greater subjectivity?
morphology
An artificial system looks at _______, while a natural system looks at ________-.
morphology common ancestors
The taxon "species" may be defined by which of the following concepts?
morphology reproductive isolation
In taxonomy, a classification plan based on assumed relationships of common ancestry or evolution.
natural system
Are horses and donkeys of the same species?
no, according to reproductive isolation yes, according to morphology
Complete the summary of the evolution model. All life on Earth developed from _______ matter by natural _______ processes. One initial life form gave rise to ________ kinds of organisms which have continued to increase in ______ over time.
nonliving random few complexity
Without bias. Thoughts or interpretations based on the features and characteristics of the organism, instead of on the feelings of the scientist.
objectivity
Which statements are correct concerning the evolution model:
only a few simple life forms give rise to new kinds of life which will increase in complexity all life on earth developed from nonliving matter of natural unknown processes
The beginning. A coming into existence or being. The beginning of the earth or the universe.
origin
A body of ideas based on personal opinion.
philosophy
The science of controlling or improving certain features of crops and vegetables through genetic breeding programs.
plant breeding
Humans differ from all other life forms by possessing a:
soul and spirit
The development of new species and new kinds from an ancestral species. A concept of evolution.
speciation
The smallest taxonomic category, containing only similar varieties of an organism. The second word of the scientific name. A species is designated by its scientific name, giving the genus and species.
species
Speciation is founded on the principle of genetic mutations and:
speculated genetic possibilities
The classification of species by morphology involves:
structure shape colors physical traits
The rankings of Class, Order, and Family are referred to as:
taxa
A scientist who classifies organisms.
taxonomist
The science of the classification of organisms.
taxonomy
The science of genetics has demonstrated repeatedly:
that variation among species is not the result of evolution
Rules for naming plants and animals are found in _____ .
the International Code of Nomenclature
The concept of "fixity of species" was a common belief based on a very limited understanding of:
the biblical principle "after its kind"
If you were to classify the many breeds of dogs by morphology, what would be inferred regarding species?
the numerous varieties might be classified as distinct species
The accelerated growth and advances in taxonomy as a science occurred during:
the renaissance
An ideal taxonomic system is not easy to develop because:
there exists a multitude of possible schemes
Which statement is most correct regarding the difference between plants and animals?
they are greatly different
Regarding the relationship of horses to donkeys:
they are identical species according to the concept of morphology they are separate species according to the concept of reproduction
Which phrase best describes plants?
they are living
A dichotomous key may be used to classify butterflies.
true
A key is used to identify a plant or animal.
true
A person's views on origins may be greatly influenced by embracing a particular taxonomic system.
true
A precise scientific description of life is not easy to find.
true
A species designation should always include the genus.
true
According to reproductive isolation, all the varieties of dogs would be considered as one species.
true
All phyla of the animal kingdom are present from the Cambrian period onward.
true
Both animals and plants depend upon a genetic code for reproduction.
true
Color, shape, size, and organization are all characteristics that help to identify organisms through a plant key.
true
Discerning between common characteristics is one advantage of a dichotomous key.
true
If the theory of evolution were true it would not be possible to classify organisms into distinct categories.
true
In ancient times people classified plants and animals by use.
true
John Ray introduced a new method of grouping by similarities in appearance.
true
Most divisions of plant life are represented in the fossil record from the Triassic period onward.
true
Objective evidence is available to "weigh" the pro's and con's of origin models.
true
Scientists resumed observing and studying real plants and animals during the Renaissance.
true
The created "kinds" like "species" is not easy to define.
true
The evolutionary model is structured on the premise of "no plan, purpose or design" regarding the development of organisms.
true
Ultimately a measure of faith will be required when choosing the evolution or creation taxonomic system.
true
The principle "Each Kind Shall Produce After Its Own Kind" is a biblical biological statement:
true with no documented exceptions
Observations from plant breeding and animal husbandry over thousands of years has shown:
variations are limited to the confines of lower taxa observable changes from one basic kind into another have never been documented
To test for truth or accuracy. To prove accuracy or truth by evidence.
verify
The first use of using two words as a scientific name:
was introduced during the renaissance
Which phylum of the animal kingdom includes all organisms which possess a spine (backbone)?
Chordata
Characteristics common to plants and animals regarding growth and reproduction are ______
DNA cells waste production food intake respiration response to stimuli genes
A key is a taxon.
false
If an Animalia taxon ends in "ata":
it must be a phylum
A sorting device made up of a system of choices, as used in taxonomy.
key
Plants are living organisms.
true
An organism which produces its food by photosynthesis
usually will be placed in the Plantae Kingdom
Differences that occur among the offspring of a particular species.
variation
Linnaeus' concept of kinds differed from ours today in holding that:
variation does not exist within a kind
The total number of animal species is about .
1.000.000
Theophrastos was considered the "Father of Botany" in the approximate year:
300 bc
Lobsters belong to which phylum of the animal kingdom?
Arthropoda
Regarding the origin of life:
Evolutionary theory still relies on speculation
Creation science is often criticized for not recognizing observations of variations amongst organisms. Explain how variations in living organisms do not contradict the biblical account of creation found in Genesis 1:21-25.
Genesis 1:21-25 says God created every living thing and saw that is was good. He told the creatures to be fruitful and increase in number. Genetic variation comes from mutations, gene flow, and reproduction. Therefore, God created the creatures with the ability to have genetic variation. This event allowed living things to be fruitful and increase with more success. Genesis also says let each creature produce each according to its kind. This scripture shows that God intended to create the rules we observe in the studies of genetics and taxonomy.
Squids are part of which phylum of the animal kingdom?
Mollusca
Problems in using common names to universally identify living things include:
Names mean different things to different people. Foreign names may not be understood. Many names may exist for the same organism. There may be no common name for an organism.
Horses and donkeys are not of the same species when defined by reproductive isolation because:
Offspring of a horse and donkey are unable to reproduce.
The beginning of modern taxonomy occurred during the:
1700's
The correct form for writing binomial nomenclature is:
Genus species
A taxon ending in ophyta:
INDICATES THE ORGANISM IS A PLANT
An elaborate set of rules for naming organisms, one set for plants, another for animals, decided upon by botanists or zoologists from different countries.
International Code of Nomenclature
The language of taxonomy is usually:
Latin
Which division of the plant kingdom includes club mosses?
Lycophyta
What is the genus of the popular fossils which are similar to "Lucy"?
australopithecus
The two-name system of naming living things used in classification.
binomial nomenclature
All life on earth.
biosphere
Features which identify and distinguish one living thing from another
characteristics
A taxonomic category containing a group of similar orders. Between order and division in plant classification, between order and phylum in animal classification.
class
A system of distinguishing groups for purposes of identification. A means or device for sorting into groups with similar characteristics.
classification
One of the first scientists of the Renaissance to advance taxonomy through first hand observations was
cordus
The concept of reproductive isolation relates more toward genetic _______ to distinguish between species.
differences
In plant classification, a grouping of similar classes. Between kingdom and class in taxa, as a taxonomic category.
division
Why does binomial nomenclature use Latin?
it was a language of study for all educated people
A taxonomic category containing a group of similar families. Between the taxa of class and family.
order
A grouping of similar classes. A taxonomic category between kingdom and class.
phylum
All the individual organisms of a kind or taxon, or a group of organisms living in an area.
population
The current understanding of created "kinds" is:
relates to higher taxonomic orders
The separation of populations of organisms by some type of barrier to produce variations of species. No reproduction or exchange of genes occurs between the separated groups. A basis for species definition.
reproductive isolation
Select the animal characteristics.
segmented or nonsegmented teeth patterns exo- or endo-skeleton digestive system locomotion
When grouping and identifying living things, the classification is based on _____.
similarities differences
Taxonomy is the science that deals with _____.
similarities organization classification
The complexity of life, combined with our limited knowledge:
sometimes prevents conclusive classification
The lowest rank of taxa is the
species
Interpretations based upon emotions or opinion are considered:
subjective
With bias. Thoughts or interpretations based on the feelings and personal evaluations of the scientist.
subjective
(plural, taxa). The categories used in classifying organisms, e.g., class, order.
taxon
A plan or arrangement of grouping categories for the purpose of classifying.
taxonomic system
Which phylum of the animal kingdom includes sea urchins?
Echinodermata
